Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to A Daneman.
Ultrasonography has become a useful technique to assess the cartilaginous hip of the newborn. We applied this technique and found that it gave useful information in helping to locate the unossified patella in two cases of congenital dislocation of the patella.
Ultrasonography (US) is of value in the evaluation and characterization of breast masses in children. Most masses represent either normal breast tissue, cysts, or fibroadenomas. Premature thelarche may be unilateral, and normal breast tissue is found at US. Cysts are commonly retroareolar; when they become infected, they appear sonographically as a complex mass. Fibroadenoma is the most frequent breast tumor in adolescent girls, and it is usually solitary, homogeneous, and hypoechoic. Malignant breast lesions are very rare in children; most are due to metastatic disease secondary to rhabdomyosarcoma, leukemia, lymphoma, and neuroblastoma, and their US appearance is nonspecific. Gynecomastia in boys can be mimicked by general obesity and pectoral hypertrophy; US is helpful in the diagnosis, especially when gynecomastia is asymmetric. Most breast lesions in children and adolescents are benign, and surgery should be avoided to prevent later deformity. US is the ideal imaging modality to evaluate breast lesions and may be used to guide a fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Color Doppler US evaluation is helpful; cysts are avascular, fibroadenomas may be avascular or hypovascular, and abscesses show peripheral increased flow. Bloody nipple discharge is more common in prepubertal patients, may occur in infants, and may be secondary to mammary ductal ectasia. Discharge commonly resolves spontaneously, and findings at US are frequently normal.
Two patients with congenital goitrous hypothyroidism, treated since birth, are described. Each developed progressive nodular thyroid enlargement in adolescence, possibly related to ongoing thyroid stimulation due to slight and transient elevations of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. The incidence and degree of persistent thyroid enlargement in these patients has not been well documented. If present in a significant number of patients despite appropriate L-thyroxine replacement, our therapeutic aims in congenital goitrous hypothyroidism may need to be modified to achieve TSH suppression, rather than normalization.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.