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Biomedical subjects

A Daneman

Publications and source records attributed to A Daneman.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Neonatal ascites due to lysosomal storage disease.

The clinical and radiographic features of four newborns with lysosomal storage disease (LSD) in whom the dominant presenting clinical feature was ascites are presented. The diseases included infantile Gaucher disease, GM I gangliosidosis, infantile sialidosis, and Salla disease. Abdominal distention due to ascites and hepatosplenomegaly, and hypoplastic lungs were seen in all four infants. In the infant with Gaucher disease, the ribs and long bones were markedly thinned. Varying degrees of coarsening of the trabecular pattern of the bones and thinning of the cortex, and a lack of modeling were seen in all patients. Metaphyseal irregularity was noted in the patients with sialidosis and Salla disease. These skeletal radiographic findings may alert the radiologist to the cause for ascites in these patients, which is obscure. In all four patients, there was a history of perinatal death due to the same disease in a sibling; ascites was present in three of the siblings. The diagnosis was missed at autopsy in each of these siblings, underlining the lack of awareness of LSD as a cause for neonatal ascites.

Ascites↗
PubMed1983

Pancreatic changes in cystic fibrosis: CT and sonographic appearances.

The computed tomographic (CT) and sonographic appearances of the late stages of pancreatic damage in three patients with cystic fibrosis are illustrated. All three had severe exocrine pancreatic insufficiency with steatorrhea. In two patients CT revealed complete fatty replacement of the entire pancreas. In the third, increased echogenicity of the pancreas on sonography and the inhomogeneous attenuation on CT were interpreted as being the result of a combination of fibrosis, fatty replacement, calcification, and probable cyst formation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Focal ischemic cerebral injury in the newborn: diagnosis by ultrasound and correlation with computed tomographic scan.

Ischemic brain injury in the newborn is a common cause of subsequent neurologic deficits seen in older children. Clearly, determination of severity and location of such injury is important for management and prognosis. Although ultrasound scanning of the brain has been used extensively in the premature infant for diagnosis of hemorrhagic lesions, its use in the term infant for recognition of ischemic cerebral lesions has not been reported. Four cases are described in which focal echodense areas were identified on ultrasound scan of the brain. These echodense areas on ultrasound corresponded to the appearance on computed tomographic (CT) scan of areas of decreased density which are known to represent ischemic cerebral injury. In three of the four cases there were focal neurologic findings and/or focal abnormalities on EEG. In two cases, real-time ultrasound scanning demonstrated changes in arterial pulsations in cerebral vessels in the area of the lesions. Thus in both, there was diminution in pulsations within the echodense areas and in one case, an increase in pulsations was observed at the periphery of the echodense lesion. Our data demonstrate the value of ultrasound scanning for assessment of the extent and location of focal cerebral ischemic lesions in the newborn. Such assessment permits assessment of prognosis.

Brain Ischemia↗
PubMed1982

Congenital epithelial splenic cysts in children. Emphasis on sonographic appearances and some unusual features.

The clinical, radiographic and sonographic features of four children with congenital epithelial splenic cysts are described. All four cases presented with a left upper quadrant mass and few symptoms. In one case the spleen descended into the pelvis in the upright position. In three cases the sonographic findings showed the mass to be completely sonolucent. In the fourth case the mass was echogenic and echoes were distributed homogeneously throughout the mass. These internal echoes were due to the presence of fat droplets within the cyst fluid. Internal echoes may also be due to hemorrhage into the cyst. In all four cases a rim of splenic tissue was visible around part of the cyst.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Unusual renal distortion and displacement due to the spleen.

Occasional normal anatomic variations may produce radiographic appearances that closely simulate disease and visceral enlargement may cause unusual displacements of adjacent organs. Two cases are reported in whom prominent splenic lobulation caused flattening of the upper pole of the left kidney. The appearance simulated that produced by a supra-renal mass. The value of CT in differentiating this normal variation from disease is discussed. A third patient in whom massive splenomegaly caused upward displacement of the left kidney is also reported. The literature concerning visceral relationships in the left upper quadrant and the normal variations that simulate disease is reviewed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Intussusception on small bowel examinations in children.

Six children in whom an intussusception was diagnosed on a small bowel follow-through examination are presented. The radiographic signs of intussusception on such a study include: (1) a narrow channel of barium representing the compressed lumen of the intussusceptum, (2) a soft-tissue mass on either side of this channel due to hypertrophy and edema of the walls of the intussuceptum and intussuscipiens, (3) a coil spring appearance around the narrow channel, and (4) a mass lesion at the distal end of the narrow channel. Not all of these signs are present in each case. Intussusception is a dynamic process and the value of delayed films and frequent fluoroscopy during small bowel follow-through studies in these cases is stressed. All six cases had a demonstrable lesion as a lead point. Jejunal intussusceptions are usually caused by bening lesions--malignancy being found almost exclusively in distal intussusceptions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

A syndrome of multiple gastrointestinal atresias with intraluminal calcification. A report of a case and a review of the literature.

An infant with multiple gastrointestinal atresias from the stomach to the rectum is reported and the literature concerning this syndrome is reviewed. The syndrome has been reported, to date, exclusively in infants born to families with a French-Canadian background. The radiological hallmark of this syndrome is extensive calcification of intraluminal content between the areas of atresia which appears as rounded or oval homogeneous radiopacities on abdominal radiographs. Inheritance is thought to be autosomal recessive and the etiology is uncertain. All previously reported cases have died. The significance of biliary gas, seen in postoperative films, is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The radiology of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). A review of 47 cases and the literature.

The radiological findings in 47 neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) are reviewed. The presence of nonspecific, generalized bowel dilatation is stressed as being an important sign in early diagnosis and the progress of the distribution of the dilated loops is important in evaluating progress of the disease process. It is thus the key to the radiology of NEC. Intramural gas and portal venous gas are not always related to the severity of the disease and their disappearance is not always related to clinical improvement. These signs are therefore poor prognostic indicators. Important radiological indications for surgery besides free intraperitoneal gas and free fluid include: 1. diminished bowel gas with asymmetric loops, and 2. persistent dilated loops. Because of the number of colonic strictures seen at our hospital we advise routine barium enemas (several weeks after the acute phase) in all infants who have had NEC. Following bowel resection contrast studies of both distal and proximal remaining bowel are essential to exclude further stricture formation prior to final reanastomosis.

Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous↗
PubMed1976

Neurofibromatosis involving the lower urinary tract in children. A report of three cases and a review of the literature.

Three children with neurofibromatosis involving the lower urinary tract are reported and their clinical, radiological and pathological findings are described. Lower urinary tract involvement in neurofibromatosis has previously been reported in 17 children, 12 of whom had other stigmata of von Recklinghausens disease. Lower urinary tract involvement may be asymptomatic and can be found incidentally. Every case with neurofibromatosis presenting with what may appear to be even only insignificant urinary symptoms should be thoroughly investigated urologically. Symptoms are usually related to urinary tract obstruction or neurogenic bladder dysfunction due to the involvement of the nerves supplying the bladder. Urinary diversion is the treatment of choice as surgical removal of the extensive tumour is seldom feasible. Following treatment the prognosis for survival appears to be good.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CT appearance of sacroiliac joint trauma in children.

Subchondral fractures in association with an intact joint space and narrowing of the joint space have not previously been reported with sacroiliac joint trauma in children. The subchondral fractures are thought to occur through the zones of cartilage proliferation and provisional calcification in the growing cartilage of the opposing sacroiliac joint surfaces and the zone of cambium layer of the periosteum in the areas of ligamental insertion, as these may represent structurally weak areas. This type of injury may explain the good long-term results in children with trauma to this region. Widening of the sacroiliac joint space in association with trauma as suggested on plain radiographs may thus not be as common as was previously thought.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The value of computed tomography in the early assessment of comminuted fractures of the calcaneus: a review of three patients.

Computed tomography (CT) was performed within 4-8 days of injury in three patients with five fractures of the calcaneus. Three of the fractures were comminuted, and CT gave graphic additional information to the plain radiographs. Three fractures were undisplaced and were managed conservatively. In the other two, there was displacement of bony fragments, and these were treated operatively. In these, CT gave valuable preoperative information regarding the size and location of fracture fragments and helped the surgeon determine the site of incision and type of surgery required. The CT findings were confirmed at operation. CT therefore provides useful information for the management of these difficult fractures.

Adolescent↗