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Biomedical subjects

A Colombo

Publications and source records attributed to A Colombo.

558 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[The role of computerized tomography in primary malignant tumors of the nasopharynx. Observations on 20 cases].

20 patients, with primary tumors of the nasopharynx have been studied over 3 years by CT with a second generation equipment. All cases were bioptically confirmed and 13 undifferentiated carcinomas, 4 differentiated epidermoid carcinomas, 1 adenoid-cystic carcinoma, 2 lymphomas were found. In every case, the CT provided a direct visualization of the lesion and correctly evaluated the extranasopharyngeal spread. This allowed a better T staging by classifying as T3 4 patients previously evaluated, on a clinical and radiological basis, as T2. Moreover, CT showed a circumscribed lesion on the right wall of the nasopharynx in a patient who resulted negative at clinical and radiological examination, and guided the biopsy which resulted positive for tumor. HCT, with a 100% positivity, is a better diagnostic tool with respect to posterior rhinoscopy and conventional radiology, respectively 95% and 88% positivity in the series of the authors. Finally CT was very helpful in therapy planning and post-irradiation follow-up.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Risk of cerebral infarct in young adults (author's transl)].

From 1978 to 1980, thirty-one patients aged forty years or less, had cerebral ischemic events as TIA, RIND or complete stroke. These patients have been studied, both clinically and with laboratory tests to assess the most common causes of their disorder. It was found that hypertension, excess smoking, diabetes and disorders of the lipid metabolism are the most common causes of the atherosclerosis, which plays a role in enhancing ischemic cerebro-vascular accidents during youth. The detection as well as the localization of the site of the ischemic lesions was difficult; only in six out of the seventeen patients examined it was possible to show angiographically a stenosis of one cerebral vessel. Comparison between the 31 patients and 31 subjects of the same age without clinical symptoms or neurological signs, showed a significant incidence of causes of atherosclerosis in the control subjects. In view of the limited number of controls it was not possible to predict a clearcut prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical study of disorders of eye movements (voluntary and following) after acute vascular accidents involving the cerebral hemispheres (author's transl)].

Voluntary eye movements and following movements have been assessed on a 3 point scale in 33 cerebrovascular patients, examined immediately after the stroke and in 52 patients examined 6-9 days after the stroke. The two types of movements were found to be impaired to the same extent in the majority of patients, especially those with severe neurological deficits. The "agreement index" between them, though high, was significantly inferior to 1. This suggests that voluntary and following movements are subserved by adjacent, but not identical neuronal structures. The available neuro-radiological evidence points to the parieto-temporal cortex as the area critically involved in eye movement disorders.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Energy metabolism and metabolite flow from muscle tissue during TPN of trauma patients].

AIM: We evaluated muscle-visceral interorgan flux of substrates in 8 critically ill patients in the flow phase after injury. SETTING: This study was conducted on critically ill patients admitted in ICU. PATIENTS: 8 patients were studied immediately after injury. RESULTS: We measured leg flux for oxygen, amino acids, glucose, lactate pyruvate, keton bodies, free fatty acids (FFA), free and total carnitine, and whole body oxygen consumption, nitrogen (N) balance and 3-methyl hystidine (3MEH) excretion during fasting and the second day of metabolic treatment (10.7 +/- 0.06 g x N x m-2 e 1035.5 +/- 3.9 kcal x m-2 x die). During fast the leg shows a net release of N, pyruvate, FFA and free carnitine while glucose, lactate and keton bodies fluxes are not different from zero. The energy balance of the leg is markedly negative (substrate for 79 kcal x m-2 burned for leg energy requirement and 347 kcal x m-2 released as a such). Assuming the body muscle tissue 4.5 times the leg tissue and knowing whole body energy balance, we were able to assess that the non muscular (visceral) part of the body resulted in a consistently positive energy balance. The metabolic treatment is able to match the energy expenditure and the substrate efflux of the leg (and the whole body muscle tissue). In fact the efflux of amino acids and FFA is reduced pyruvate blunted while glucose is remarkably taken up (the uptake of the whole muscle tissue accounted for 72% of the daily load). At the same time, the treatment blunts leg free carnitine and reduces body 3MEH output. Moreover, the caloric balance of the non muscular part of the body remains positive even if the qualiquantitative uptake of substrates is different from fasting. CONCLUSION: Substrates for energy requirements of visceral tissue came from muscular tissue. The metabolic treatment is able to modulate this process.

Energy Metabolism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Tutors and assistants for apprenticeship for students in the university diploma course in nursing science].

The article presents the results of a work carried out by a group of nurses dealing with nursing education, both graduate (Hospital School and then University) and post graduate, since about ten years. The Authors have defined role, functions, spheres of activity, hierarchic and functional relationships, qualifications and abilities of the two new professional figures quoted in the document agreed between Lombardia Region and Lombardia Universities about the new university diploma courses in Nursing Sciences: the tutor and the clinical instructor. In order to do such a work the Authors started from the literature review. They also tried to use the didactic and teaching experience gained by the nursing School of Varese since 1956 and the contemporary beginning of the University course since 1992.

Education, Nursing, Diploma Programs↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Soft tissue facial morphology related to headform: a three-dimensional quantitative analysis in childhood.

The object of this investigation was to determine whether children of the same age with different headforms differ in their three-dimensional soft-tissue facial characteristics. The three-dimensional coordinates of 22 standardized facial landmarks were automatically collected in a sample of 70 boys and 71 girls age 11 to 13 years attending a junior high school. From the collected landmarks, several three-dimensional facial angles, linear distances, linear distance ratios, and volumes were calculated. For each subject the cephalic index (maximal head breadth/ maximal head length x 100) was computed and three groups of measurements for each sex were obtained (dolicho-, meso- and brachycephalic). A two-way factorial analysis of variance compared the effects of sex and headform, and the interaction sex x headform. On average, boys had significantly (P < or = 0.05) longer and wider faces than girls, with a larger lower third facial volume relative to middle third facial volume. A significant (P < or = 0.05) effect of headform over facial morphology was found for all angles with a prevalent axial orientation. Conversely, no effect was demonstrated for angles with a sagittal orientation, nor for any other considered parameters. For each sex, the dolichocephalic children had smaller values than the brachycephalic children (i.e., more convex faces in the left-right direction), while the mesocephalic children had intermediate values. No sex x headform interactions were found. Results confirm that a different headform (skull) is associated with a different three-dimensional facial morphology (combined effect of skull and soft tissues), but without size differences.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Neurosheet: an electronic sheet for neurosurgical intensive care].

PURPOSE: A growing number of monitoring and diagnostic instruments has considerably increased the amount of information available in the intensive care unit. A data collection system which can be useful in highlighting and processing the most relevant data for the care of head-injured patients (Neurosheet) has been set up. The purpose of this study is to describe Neurosheet and to analyse the results achieved through its use. ENVIRONMENT: Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit. METHODS: Neurosheet consists of a data sheet which follows the course of some "key" variables in head-injured patients who undergo ICP monitoring for a period of more than 48 hours. SURVEY: Through a questionnaire distributed to the medical staff, the learning period and the opinion of the staff concerning the clinical usefulness of this instrument has been evaluated. The amount of time needed to compile Neurosheet has been measured and some criteria indicating its completeness identified. RESULTS: It has been found that Neurosheet can be learned quickly and is rather easy to use. Data resulting from the study of the learning curve and from the answers to the questionnaire, suggest that its learning period is quite short (10 to 20 minutes). Among the 28 eligible patients, Neurosheet was used for 24 (86%). The data collected show 1,912 hours of monitoring, with an average of 112.8 (+/- 55) hours per patient. Neurosheet was completed in 83% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: The aim of Neurosheet is to provide an answer to the overload of information using computerised systems able to simplify and support the daily clinical work.

Critical Care↗