Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A Cole

Publications and source records attributed to A Cole.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Laparoscopic versus conventional appendectomy.

BACKGROUND: The results of recent series suggest remarkable advantages of laparoscopic appendectomy over the conventional open appendectomy. To determine if clear advantages could be established, the charts of all patients admitted to our institution with a presumptive diagnosis of acute appendicitis and subsequent appendectomy were retrospectively reviewed. STUDY DESIGN: From January 1990 through June 1992, there were 300 conventional open appendectomies and 66 laparoscopic appendectomies performed. Data from both groups were compared with respect to anesthesia time, operative time, postoperative morbidity, postoperative pain, time to regular diet, hospitalization period, cost, and return to normal activities. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the laparoscopic and open appendectomy groups with respect to operative complications, postoperative morbidity, pain medication requirements, and time to regular diet. There were significantly longer anesthesia times, operative times, and operating room costs in the laparoscopic group. For complicated appendicitis, the laparoscopic technique resulted in infectious complications that required readmission in 45.5 percent of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic appendectomy is a safe alternative to conventional open appendectomy for simple acute appendicitis. However, laparoscopic appendectomy is not superior to the conventional method with regard to operative time, postoperative morbidity, pain medication requirements, time to regular diet, length of stay, cost, or return to normal activity. Laparoscopic appendectomy may be contraindicated in complicated appendicitis (gangrene, perforated with abscess, or peritonitis) due to an increased rate of infectious complications requiring readmission.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

Intramuscular wire electromyography of the subscapularis.

The action of the subscapularis muscle is an important component in maintaining shoulder stability. Because of its relative inaccessibility, there have been few electromyographic (EMG) studies of its normal patterns of activity. The subscapularis is innervated by two or more distinct nerves, and therefore the upper and lower parts of the muscle may have different functional roles depending on the position of the humerus. The purpose of this study was to develop safe, reproducible insertion paths to the upper and lower parts of the subscapularis. Six subjects with no previous history of shoulder injury were evaluated. The paths of insertion were designed based on previous anatomical studies as well as dissections. Two pairs of intramuscular wire electrodes were inserted: one directed toward the upper subscapularis and one toward the lower subscapularis. Electrode locations were confirmed using posteroanterior and lateral radiographs and through electrical stimulation. EMG data were recorded during isometric internal rotation exercises with the humerus in 0 or 90 degrees abduction. Significant differences were observed in the EMG activity recorded from the two pairs of electrodes. The EMG activity of the upper subscapularis either remained the same or decreased in going from 0 to 90 degrees abduction, while that of the lower subscapularis increased. The observed differential response confirmed that the electrodes were in different parts of the subscapularis. These preliminary results suggest that in future EMG studies, the subscapularis should be considered as at least two independent muscle units.

Electric Stimulation↗
PubMed1990

Possible protein binding displacement interaction between glibenclamide and metolazone.

The effects of metolazone on the protein binding of glibenclamide were studied. It was found that increasing metolazone concentrations up to 100 ng/ml had no significant effect on the protein binding of glibenclamide studied at 10 micrograms/ml. Metolazone is unlikely to cause a clinically significant increase in the free fraction of glibenclamide in patients receiving both drugs.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Hostility, hopelessness and deliberate self-harm: a prospective follow-up study.

Sixty-one consecutive patients who presented following an episode of deliberate self-harm (DSH) were assessed on a number of variables, including measures of hopelessness and hostility. Attempts were made to follow all of the patients. Those who were known to have had a further episode of DSH had significantly higher levels of hopelessness and intropunitive hostility after the index episode than those who did not repeat. The question of vulnerability to DSH is discussed as well as the possibility of using measures of hopelessness and intropunitive hostility to identify those at greater risk of repetition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Folie à deux and dementia.

Folie à deux has been infrequently reported in dementia patients. A case is described in which both partners with folie à deux suffered from an Alzheimer type dementia. The development and management of folie à deux in dementia is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Comparison of the biological effects of selected 5,8-dideazafolate analogues with their 2-desamino counterparts.

Three new 5,8-dideaza analogues of folic acid devoid of an amino group at position 2 have been prepared by using synthetic routes patterned after earlier methodologies. They were 2-desamino-5,8-dideazaisofolic acid, 2b, 2-desamino-10-thia-5,8-dideazafolic acid, 2c, and 2-desamino-10-oxa-5,8-dideazafolic acid, 2d. These compounds were found to be 4-6-fold more cytoxic toward L1210 leukemia cells than their 2-NH2 counterparts and to be poor inhibitors of mammalian thymidylate synthase. However, they were only 1.5-3-fold less inhibitory toward dihydrofolate reductase than the analogous compounds containing a 2-NH2 group. The known thymidylate synthase inhibitors 2-desamino-10-propargyl-5,8-dideazafolic acid and 10-propargyl-5,8-dideazafolic acid were included in this study for purposes of comparison.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Nuclear and manchette development in spermatids of normal and azh/azh mutant mice.

Germinal cells or nuclei with attached cytoskeletal elements were prepared from the testes and epididymides of normal mice and mice homozygous for the recessive azh mutation, which results in abnormal sperm heads. To make observations, we utilized phase-contrast microscopy, immunofluorescence microscopy with antitubulin antibodies, and a direct-view stereo electron microscope system developed by A. Cole. Sperm nuclei, tails, manchettes, and other cytoskeletal structures were studied at various stages of development. The tail architectures were similar in the normal and mutant forms, but the shape of the heads at the attachment regions were markedly different. Normal sperm nuclei were very flat, whereas the posterior regions of mutant nuclei were tapered cylinders. The manchette, an organized microtubular structure that girdles the posterior region of the spermatid nucleus, differed in size and configuration between normal and mutant forms. In normal midstage spermatids, the manchette microtubules extended outward at a 45 degree angle from the long axis of the flattened head, whereas in mutant spermatids, the microtubules formed tapered cylinders around the long axis of the caudal part of the nucleus. Radical differences in head shapes between normal and mutant sperm could be related, in part, to the manner in which manchettes formed and matured on the spermatids.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Ultrastructural study of mitochondrial damage in CHO cells exposed to hyperthermia.

A unique direct-view stereo electron microscope technique was used to visualize the structure and three-dimensional distributions of mitochondria in CHO cells in situ following hyperthermic treatments. Aberrations induced by various heating regimens were recorded. The protocol included a trypsin digestion that may have enhanced the expression of the initial heat damage. The developed damage was observed as increasing levels of mitochondrial distortion, swelling, and dissociation. Minimal damage was induced at 42 degrees C for exposures of up to 4 h, while significant damage was induced at 43 degrees C for exposures of more than 30 min and at 45 degrees C for exposures of more than 10 min. For moderate exposures, a partial recovery of mitochondrial integrity was observed when the heat treatment was followed by incubation at 37 degrees C for 24 h. Mitochondrial damage was related to the heat dose in that increasing treatment temperature resulted in greater damage, but when compared to cell survival the damage did not parallel cell killing under all time-temperature conditions.

Animals↗