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Biomedical subjects

A Chapelier

Publications and source records attributed to A Chapelier.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Double lung transplantation in situs inversus with Kartagener's syndrome. Paris-Sud University Lung Transplant Group.

En bloc double lung transplantation with bilateral bronchial anastomoses was successfully performed in three patients with complete situs inversus and end-stage Kartagener's syndrome. Dextrocardia was not a technical problem for institution of cardiopulmonary bypass, but a large azygos vein draining the systemic venous return was systematically preserved. The major technical difficulty was restoration of airway continuity, because patients with situs inversus have an inverse direction and length of the main stem bronchi. The right and left main bronchi of the recipients were approached in the aortocaval sinus and transected approximately at 1.5 cm from the carina. The donor right main stem bronchus was divided at its origin and the donor left main stem bronchus was divided proximal to the upper lobe takeoff. The different bronchial angulation was not an obstacle, and airway continuity was reestablished twice with an end-to-end anastomosis and once with a telescopic technique. Because of the midline position of the left atrium and pulmonary artery, the anastomoses with the respective recipient's structures were made as in patients with situs solitus. One patient required a right lower lobectomy because the position of the right side of the heart interfered with lobar expansion. One patient died of obliterative bronchiolitis 36 months after the operation. The remaining two are alive and doing well after 48 and 6 months, respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Technique for resecting primary and metastatic nonbronchogenic tumors of the thoracic outlet.

Although primary or metastatic nonbronchogenic tumors infrequently arise in or involve the thoracic outlet, they represent a major surgical challenge because of their tendency to encapsulate outlet structures. Fourteen patients with a histologically proven primary (n = 8) or metastatic (n = 6) nonbronchogenic outlet tumor were treated by an anterior transcervical approach, including an L-shaped cervicotomy extended into the deltopectoral groove, resection of the internal half of the clavicle, and, in the case of tumor involvement, resection of the jugular and subclavian veins, phrenic nerve, subclavian artery, brachial plexus, and ribs. All patients underwent a radical resection. Tumors extended to bony (usually the first rib), muscular (usually the anterior scalenus muscle), and nerve (usually the phrenic nerve) outlet structures in 8, 10, and 7 patients, respectively. Ten patients had involvement of outlet vessels: 6 had simple ligature (n = 5) or wedge resection (n = 1) of the subclavian vein and related branches, 1 had revascularization of both the subclavian vein by an end-to-end anastomosis and the subclavian artery by a ringed polytetrafluoroethylene graft, 1 had revascularization of the subclavian artery alone, and 2 had revascularization between the left brachiocephalic vein and superior vena cava (ringed polytetrafluoroethylene graft). Follow-up venograms showed complete patency of the anastomoses. There was one postoperative death (7%) due to multiorgan system failure. Other complications were mild and short-lasting. With a median follow-up of 3.4 years, all patients but 1 (who had systemic progression) are alive and disease free 3 to 127 months postoperatively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Tracheoesophageal fistula caused by mycobacterial tuberculosis adenopathy.

Tracheoesophageal fistulas resulting from a Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection are uncommon. We describe a patient with such a lesion that had the radiologic and clinic appearance of a malignant tracheoesophageal fistula. Use of an anterior cervical approach with one-stage esophageal repair along with tracheal resection and anastomosis allowed definitive diagnosis and treatment of this life-threatening complication.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Frequency of mechanical ventilation and respiratory activity after double lung transplantation.

We investigated the contribution of pulmonary afferent nerve fibers to the control of inspiratory activity in awake humans. Eight double lung transplant outpatients and eight normal subjects were hyperventilated with a mechanical ventilator. Respiratory frequency was increased until no respiratory activity was detectable. Then, by either adding CO2 in the inspired gas or decreasing respiratory frequency, end-tidal PCO2 (PETCO2) was increased until inspiratory activity (i.e. change in inspiratory airway pressure peak and/or time profile) was detected. In normal subjects, PETCO2 threshold for inspiratory muscle recruitment was significantly lower when frequency was decreased than when CO2 was added (31.3 +/- 6.8 Torr vs. 38.2 +/- 8.1 Torr respectively, P < 0.005). This was not the case in the double lung transplant group (31.5 +/- 6.5 Torr vs. 32.9 +/- 5.8 Torr). These findings suggest that pulmonary afferent nerves have an inhibitory effect on inspiratory activity in humans.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Laryngotracheal resection and reconstruction for postintubation subglottic stenosis. Lessons learned.

Between 1981 and June 1992, 26 consecutive patients with a postintubation subglottic stenosis (21 circumferential, 2 anterolateral) underwent the Pearson operation. Subglottic stenosis resulted from a complication of mechanical ventilation with endotracheal intubation with (n = 14) or without (n = 12) tracheostomy (median placement: 25 days). One patient had an associated laryngopharyngeal and tracheoesophageal fistula. Overall, the upper limit of the stenoses lay 1.8 +/- 0.3 cm below the vocal cords, falling in the range of 1 to 2 cm in 88% of patients; they measured 2.9 +/- 0.8 cm in length and the diameter at the level of the maximum stenotic process was 0.5 +/- 0.1 cm. Operations were performed without dissection of the recurrent nerves and plicature of the membranous trachea. Because of scarred mucosa at a higher level, one vertical section of the posterior cricoid plate with interposition of autogenous costal cartilage and 2 subtotal cricoid plate resections with stenting were necessary. The mean length of resection was 3.6 +/- 0.8 cm (range: 2-5 cm) and 88% of them ranged within 2.8 and 5 cm. Twelve thyrohyoid and 3 supralaryngeal releases were performed. Six patients required postoperative tracheostomy, but all were extubated within 24 h. Good results were obtained in 24 (96%) surviving patients; 1 failure and 1 postoperative death (sudden myocardial infarction) occurred. The results confirm that the Pearson operation is an adequate treatment for subglottic stenosis extending up to 1 cm below the vocal cords and measuring up to 6 cm in length. Dissection of both the recurrent nerves, plicature of the membranous trachea, postoperative decompressive tracheostomy and stenting are not necessary.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Comparative outcome of heart-lung and lung transplantation for pulmonary hypertension.

Despite the development of several lung transplantation procedures, the most advantageous for pulmonary hypertension remains controversial. Between 1986 and February 1992, 30 patients with end-stage primary pulmonary hypertension (n = 24), chronic pulmonary embolism (n = 4), and hystiocytosis X (n = 2) underwent heart-lung (n = 21), double lung (n = 8), or single lung (n = 1) transplantation. Indications for double lung transplantation were similar to those for heart-lung transplantation, and the preoperative clinical and hemodynamic parameters were not significantly different between the two groups. There were no intraoperative deaths, but two reoperations were needed for pleural hematoma. Five early deaths were related to graft failure (two heart-lung transplantations), mediastinitis (one heart-lung transplantation), multiorgan failure (one double lung transplantation), and aspergillosis (one double lung transplantation). There was a similar improvement in early (days 0 and 2) and late (6 months postoperatively) right-sided hemodynamic function in patients undergoing heart-lung and double lung transplantation. Three double lung transplant recipients had early and reversible left ventricular-failure. The early postoperative course of the one patient who had single lung transplantation was characterized by severe pulmonary edema, left ventricular failure, and persistent desaturation and later on by moderate pulmonary hypertension and an important ventilation/perfusion mismatch. The pulmonary function results were also similar in the heart-lung and double lung transplantation groups. The overall projected 2- and 4-year survivals were 49% and 41%, respectively, and were not significantly different between the heart-lung and double lung recipients. Results demonstrate that heart-lung and double lung transplantation are equally effective in obtaining early and durable right-sided hemodynamic and respiratory improvement and similar respiratory function. In patients with pulmonary hypertension, double lung transplantation should be preferred to single lung transplantation because of the critical postoperative course and the uncertain long-term results of single lung transplantation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Role of CMV pneumonia in the development of obliterative bronchiolitis in heart-lung and double-lung transplant recipients.

Obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) is the main cause of late mortality after lung transplantation. Cytomegalovirus infection has been associated with late graft failure. The aim of this study was to determine whether the development of OB was related to CMV pretransplant serological status and to CMV infections. The study group comprised 36 lung transplant recipients (27 HLT and 9 DLT) who survived more than 4 months, of whom 47% developed OB (defined by the persistence of an unexplained obstructive disease: FEV1/VC < 0.7). OB occurred more frequently: (1) in seronegative recipients with seropositive donors (8/9) than in seropositive recipients (7/19) or seronegative well-matched recipients (2/8); and (2) in patients who experienced CMV pneumonia (11/16) and CMV recurrence (11/16). Since matching seronegative recipients is the best way to prevent CMV infection, we believe that seronegative grafts must be reserved for seronegative recipients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Arterioureteral fistula after extended resection of pelvic tumors: report of three cases and review of the literature.

Arterioureteral fistulas are rare. Three patients with arterioureteral fistulas complicating extended resection of pelvic tumors associated with bilateral cutaneous ureterostomy in the right lower quadrant are reported. In one case, the fistula involved the left ureter, the right common iliac artery, and the inferior mesenteric artery. Pathological iliac artery, pelvic cancer, or operated ureteral stones are often incriminated in the genesis of ureteroarterial fistulas. Insertion of a ureteral catheter has been found to be the main promoting factor. The common iliac artery is involved frequently. Clinical presentation is often limited to gross hematuria, whereas complementary investigations have not proved to be sensitive. Surgical treatment is often complex, but must be undertaken early, even in the absence of absolute proof of diagnosis, in order to preclude uncontrollable massive hemorrhage.

Female↗
PubMed1992

Lack of bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine and to isocapnic dry air hyperventilation in heart/lung and double-lung transplant recipients with normal lung histology. The Paris-Sud Lung Transplant Group.

To investigate whether survivors of heart/lung and double-lung transplantations have normal or increased nonspecific bronchial responsiveness, nine heart/lung and four double-lung transplant recipients with normal lung histology underwent methacholine challenge and voluntary isocapnic dry air hyperventilation (VIH) in a randomized order at a mean time of 14.8 +/- 12.1 months after surgery. Transplant recipients were compared with 10 normal subjects and 11 patients with mild asthma. Asthmatic patients had a mean provocative concentration of methacholine inducing a 20% fall (PC20) in FEV1 of 3.4 +/- 3.6 mg/ml (SD). Seventy seven percent of the transplant recipients and 70% of the normal subjects had PC20 superior to 32 mg/ml. The percentage fall from baseline FEV1 after VIH was 12.6 +/- 10.4% in asthmatic patients as compared with 1.9 +/- 2.9% in transplant recipients (p = 0.002) and 0.45 +/- 1.2% in normal subjects (p = 0.001). The decrease in FEV1 after VIH was similar in transplant recipients and normal subjects (p = 0.14). These results show that heart/lung or double-lung transplant recipients with normal lung histology have a normal response to nonspecific bronchial stimulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[TNF-alpha synthesis by cells from bronchioloalveolar lavage and by circulating mononuclear cells in recipients of heart-lung transplantation].

In 10 patients who received a heart lung transplant, TNF-alpha generation by cells collected during bronchioloalveolar lavages (n = 30) and by circulating mononuclear cells was measured. Basal and recombinant IL-2-stimulated productions (50 U/ml) were measured. TNF-alpha concentration was determined by an immunoradiometric assay (IRMA). Circulating mononuclear cells produced at least 4 times less TNF-alpha than BAL cells. Rejection episodes or CMV diseases were not associated with significant changes in TNF-alpha generation. Recombinant IL-2 increased this production in both cell populations but the magnitude of this effect was smaller in BAL cells, suggesting an in vivo preactivation.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Heart-lung transplantation and double lung transplantation. 33 cases].

Between June 1986 and October 1989, 29 heart lung transplantations and 4 double lung transplantations were performed at the Marie Lannelongue Hospital, Paris. The early and later course of these patients was studied. The actuarial survival rates at one and two years were 65 percent and 55 percent respectively. Bacterial infection was the main cause of early death. Late morbidity was predominantly due to cytomegalovirus infection and episodes of rejection. Respiratory function, evaluated in 19 long-term survivors, was usually normal. Only 3 patients developed a functional pattern of severe obliterative bronchiolitis probably related to uncontrolled rejections. The indications of the different types of lung transplantation are discussed: in cases of primary pulmonary hypertension or Eisenmenger's complex, heart lung transplantation is the only possible procedure. In patients with respiratory failure without cardiac dysfunction, double lung transplantation gives good functional results and makes an extra heart available for transplantation in another patient. Single lung transplantation, which gives worse functional results with a similar mortality rate, must be reserved for patients who are unable to undergo double lung transplantation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Increased lung clearance of 99mTcDTPA in allograft lung rejection. The Paris-Sud Lung Transplant Group.

To investigate whether lung 99mTc-DTPA clearance is altered during allograft lung rejection, a group of four double lung and 24 heart-lung transplant patients was studied using serial measurement of the clearance rate of aerosolized 99mTc-DTPA (DTPA-Cl), in association with pulmonary function tests, bronchoalveolar lavage, and transbronchial lung biopsies. Using histologic diagnosis as a standard, we compared 56 episodes with normal lung histology to 32 episodes with allograft lung rejection. A control group of 20 healthy nonsmokers was used to define normal DTPA-Cl. In patients with normal lung histology, DTPA-Cl was higher than in control subjects (2.62 +/- 0.25 versus 1.20 +/- 0.12 %/min; p less than 0.001). In the episodes of allograft lung rejection, DTPA-Cl increased to 3.65 +/- 0.41 %/min (p less than 0.02) as compared with episodes of normal lung histology. The change in DTPA-Cl during allograft lung rejection was correlated (r = 0.3, p less than 0.01) with the increased percentage of lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage (27.8 +/- 3.5% in rejection versus 19.9 +/- 2.2% in normal histology; p less than 0.02). Sensitivity and specificity of DTPA-Cl measurement in detecting lung rejection were 69 and 82%, respectively, versus 45 and 85% for FEV1 measurement. These results suggest that DTPA-Cl monitoring could be used in conjunction with pulmonary function testing as a noninvasive approach for the detection of lung rejection.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Lung transplantation].

Lung transplantation has been made possible by the advent of cyclosporin, and it can be divided into three categories: single lung, double lung and heart-lung transplantations. Heart-lung transplantation is the only one that can be performed in case of primary pulmonary arterial hypertension, but the respective indications of these three types of transplantation in patients with respiratory failure have not yet been clearly determined. Heart-lung transplantation is also the one that gives the best results in terms of survival and respiratory function. In the post-operative period, graft rejection and bacterial, viral, fungal or parasitic infections are responsible for a 35 per cent death rate. Later in life, transplant recipients are prone to respiratory impairment caused by obliterating bronchiolitis, itself due to insufficiently treated chronic rejection. The development of lung transplantation is considerably limited by the scarcity of donors with procurable lungs and by the frequency of heart procurement at the expense of the heart-lung block.

Cyclosporins↗
PubMed1989

Surgical management of acquired post-intubation tracheo-oesophageal fistulas: 27 patients.

From 1962 to 1987, 27 patients with tracheo-oesophageal fistulae (TOF) were treated at our institution. Mean age was 43 years. The indications for respiratory support were blunt chest trauma (11), neurological dysfunction (8), and acute pulmonary distress syndrome (8). TOF symptoms occurred 12-200 days (mean 43) after initiation of ventilatory support and was caused by tracheostomy tube cuff (17), intubation tube cuff (8), or injury at the site of tracheostomy (2). The size of the fistula ranged from 0.3 to 5 cm (mean 2 cm). Seventeen of the 27 patients were operated upon. A simple repair of the TOF was performed via a cervical approach in 10 patients; tracheal resection and reconstruction was done in 4 patients presenting with tracheal stenosis, while 2 patients with slight tracheal stenosis had a simple repair of the TOF without the need for further tracheal surgery. Three patients underwent primary oesophagostomy, followed later by colon interposition. Five patients died. Ten cases were not operated upon: the TOF closed spontaneously in 1 patient, 1 patient was lost to follow-up and 8 died. In our series, significant tracheal stenosis occurred in only 6 patients (22%), only 4 of whom had tracheal resection. Simple repair of TOF provides excellent results with a low mortality (10%) considering the poor condition of the patients, and should be considered the procedure of choice. Surgical oesophageal diversion (i.e. cervical oesophagostomy and suture of distal oesophagus) is usually unnecessary.

Adolescent↗