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Biomedical subjects

A Carbone

Publications and source records attributed to A Carbone.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Immunohistocytochemical correlation of DAP IV-CD 26 reactivity with immunologic markers of lymphocyte activation in human lymphoid tissues.

The topographic distribution of the dipeptidylaminopeptidase IV (DAP IV-CD 26) and II (DAP II) positive T-cell population in six reactive lymph nodes and seven follicular B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) was analysed with regard to the distribution of activated T-cells, as visualized by a panel of monoclonal antibodies including Tac-CD 25, HLA-DR, OKT 9-CD 71, ICAM-1-CD 54, LFA-1-CD 11a. For comparative studies serial frozen sections of the lymph nodes were tested by enzyme histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. In addition, cell suspensions obtained from 10 B-NHL and interleukin-2 (IL-2) activated T-cells were investigated by a combined cytochemical and immunological method for simultaneous visualization of DAP IV-CD 26 cytoplasmic activity and surface immunostaining for markers of lymphocyte activation. Both in reactive and lymphomatous lymph nodes the topographic distribution of DAP IV-CD 26+ and DAP II+ lymphocytes was rather similar to that of Tac-CD 25+ lymphocytes. On the contrary, the DAP IV-CD 26 and DAP II distribution pattern substantially differed from that of the other immunologic markers. In a cell suspension of IL-2 activated T-cells, more than 80% of the cells with a blastic morphology were DAP IV-CD 26+; DAP IV-CD 26+ cells coexpressing Tac-CD 25, OKT 9-CD 71, HLA-DR positivity, relative to the total number of DAP IV-CD 26 positive cells, were 90.5%, 70.5% and 87% respectively. Only small (not activated) lymphocytes expressed a focal cytoplasmic DAP II positivity. In cell suspensions from 10 cases of B-NHL the mean percentage of DAP IV-CD 26+ Tac-CD 25+ cells was 75.8. Only a small number of DAP IV-CD 26+ cells coexpressed HLA-DR, the mean percentage being 9.6. The results support the view that DAP IV-CD 26 may be considered as a marker of lymphocyte activation; this marker seems to be restricted to T lymphocytes that reside in the T dependent areas of reactive lymph nodes and to non malignant T-cells surrounding neoplastic follicles of follicular NHL.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1990

Combination chemotherapy specifically devised for elderly patients with unfavorable non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

The results of a prospective trial with a specifically devised chemotherapy regimen in elderly patients with unfavorable non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) are reported. Between April 1983 and April 1986, 37 consecutive patients 70 years old or more (median age 80) received etoposide and prednimustine (E + P) 100 mg/m2 p.o. for 5 days every 21 days. Thirteen patients were previously treated. Objective response rate in the 35 evaluable patients is 66% with 46% complete response. The objective response rate in the 22 previously untreated patients is nearly 70% with 50% complete response. Median survival is 14 months. The overall toxicity was reasonably acceptable. There were 5% (2 patients) treatment-related deaths, but in an unselected elderly population. We experienced the usefulness of a properly oriented clinical approach to elderly patients with NHL. We suggest that a combination regimen E + P, suitable for oral administration, may be safely employed in elderly patients with unfavorable NHL.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

[Transvaginal estrogen therapy in urinary stress incontinence].

Thirty-four postmenopausal stress incontinence patients were divided in two groups: 17 were treated with 0.5 mg oestriol vaginal cream for 90 days, 17 controls were treated with moisturizing cream. All had low urethral pressures and dystrophy. Treated patients showed improvement of maximum urethral pressure, urethral closure pressure, and volume at first sensation of fullness. Dystrophy was cured in most patients; in 17% incontinence was cured and in 41% subjectively improved.

Estriol↗
PubMed1990

Pathogenesis of malignant lymphomas in intravenous drug-abuser, HIV-infected patients.

To study the pathogenesis of malignant lymphomas (ML) in intravenous drug-abuser HIV-infected patients, we analyzed 19 cases of reactive lymphadenopathy (LAS) and 10 cases of ML. Clonality and differences in characteristics of these lymphoproliferative disorders were investigated by immunohistochemical and Ig and TCR gene rearrangement analyses. Rearrangements at the c-myc locus and presence of HIV and EBV viral genomes were also investigated. Four out of the five non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) analyzed were high-grade extranodal ML and were found to derive from precursor B cells. Monoclonal cell expansions were also detected in 2 cases of LAS. These cell expansions also consisted of precursor B cells. HIV genome was not detected in any of the samples tested and was therefore considered not to be involved as an etiological agent in these lymphoproliferative disorders. EBV genome was present in a clonal episomal form in the five Hodgkin's disease (HD) specimens tested. This finding suggested that a clonal cell population harboring the EBV viral genome must be present in HDs, pointing to a possible etiological relationship between EBV and HD in HIV-infected patients.

Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte↗
PubMed1990

Characterization of AIDS-associated tumors in Italy: report of 435 cases of an IVDA-based series.

The Italian Cooperative Group on AIDS-related tumors has collected 435 cases of HIV-associated tumors since December 1986. The following conclusions can be drawn from this IVDA-based series: (1) at least 15% of AIDS cases are associated with tumors; (2) the number of malignant lymphomas (high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma [NHL], Hodgkin's disease [HD] is comparable to that of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) (188 vs. 198); (3) KS among AIDS patients is less common than in countries where homosexual men are the main group affected by AIDS. However, KS also affects intravenous drug abusers (IVDA) almost exclusively males, with characteristics similar to those observed among homosexual men; (4) HD is associated with an aggressive course; (5) anal and oral primary tumors as well as oral and anal involvement of NHL are very rare; (6) testicular cancers occur in patients mainly with early HIV infection, without adversely affecting the dosage of radiotherapy and chemotherapy; (7) cervical cancer successfully treated with conization suggests that PAP test screening in young IVDA women is warranted; (8) lung cancer occurs in a young age group with rapid progression and death.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

[Computerized tomography in the staging of carcinoma of the oropharynx, the tongue and the mouth floor].

Eighty-seven patients with carcinoma of oropharynx, tongue and floor of the mouth were examined by means of CT; (TNM criteria); tumor staging was reviewed and compared with that obtained by clinical examination, by endoscopy, at surgery and histology. CT proved to be a reliable technique to detect both the presence of neoplasms, with the exception of very superficial ones, and their deep spread to parapharyngeal space, to muscles of floor of the mouth and prevertebral pterygoid muscles. Lymph node metastases, especially to retropharyngeal nodes, were also clearly demonstrated on CT scans, which indicates this technique as the examination of choice in oropharyngeal and oral cavity tumor staging, for it yields valuable information which can integrate clinical findings.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

A pathologic assessment of tumor residue and stromal changes after intraarterial chemotherapy for head and neck carcinomas. A study on serial sections of the whole surgical specimen.

Thirty-one patients with advanced, biopsy-proven squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck were treated with intraarterial chemotherapy (IAC) and subsequent radical surgery. Cisplatin at 25 mg/d (4 hours of infusion) and bleomycin at 15 mg/d (20 hours of infusion) were administered for 10 consecutive days. Radical surgery was performed after clinical evaluation 2 weeks later. Clinical tumor regression (total disappearance or shrinkage of the tumor mass by more than 50%) was recorded in 28 of 31 (90.3%) patients. Tumor regression was then assessed pathologically using a procedure based on examination of large serial histologic sections of the whole surgical specimen. Tumor residue was classified pathologically according to the TNM categories: RO, no residual tumor (five cases [16.1%]); R1, microscopic residual tumor (tumor residue detectable only at the microscopic level; 12 cases [38.7%]); and R2, macroscopic residual tumor (tumor mass detectable also on the fresh or fixed specimen and/or by the naked eye on the stained tissue sections; 14 cases [45.2%]). Moreover, tumor cell and/or stromal changes possibly associated with tumor regression were found in 77.4% of the cases. Metastatic lymph nodes were found in 12 cases (38.7%), and regression changes were observed in most lymph node metastases. Only standardized, prospective pathologic protocols for the analysis of whole specimens by serial sections permit the assessment of existing tumor residue. The TNM classification of pathologic tumor residue and definitions that we used appear feasible and reliable enough in evaluating postchemotherapeutic tumor regression.

Bleomycin↗
PubMed1989

Is the Epstein-Barr virus involved in Hodgkin's disease?

EBV genomes, in clonal episomal form, were detected in 7 out of 17 cases of Hodgkin's disease (HD) and in a single case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma which occurred in a patient after therapeutic treatment for HD. The experimental data presented imply that a clonal cell population, harboring the EBV genome, must be present in EBV-positive HD. In light of this finding we are attempting to reconsider the abundant literature on this lymphoproliferative disorder, and suggest a reevaluation of the possibility that EBV could be etiologically involved in HD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Persistent generalized lymphadenopathy syndrome vs "AIDS"--unrelated malignant lymphoma: comparison of presenting clinical and laboratory findings in 88 patients. AIDS and Related Syndromes Study Group.

The purpose of this report is to document and compare the presenting clinical and laboratory findings of 38 patients, all intravenous drug abusers, with pathologically documented persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL), and of 50 patients with AIDS-unrelated malignant lymphoma (30 with Hodgkin's disease and 20 with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma). All patients, aged 40 years or less, consecutively seen since May 1984 in a single institution in Italy, have prospectively undergone a similar clinico-pathologic approach. In addition to a history of intravenous drug abuse and HIV serology, the results indicate that a history of infection in the previous year, night sweats, weight loss, generalized lymphadenopathy, beta 2 microglobuline, transaminase, T4/T8 ratio less than 1, and polyclonal hypergamma-globulinemia significantly increased among PGL patients compared with patients with AIDS-unrelated malignant lymphoma. In contrast, patients with malignant lymphoma had a significant increase in mediastinal lymph nodes, sedimentation rate, LDH, fibrinogen and anemia. Therefore, at this time of an AIDS epidemic, after histologic diagnosis of reactive lymphadenopathy has been performed in young patients presenting with generalized lymphadenopathy, a request for a second biopsy and other invasive procedures may be avoided if clinical and laboratory data suggest a PGL syndrome. If not already performed, HIV antibody detection should be carried out in this setting.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1989

Chronic myeloid leukemia with monoclonal gammopathy terminating in myeloid crisis and immunoblastic lymphoma.

A patient, with chronic myeloid leukemia and IgA monoclonal gammopathy, who contemporaneously developed myeloid blast crisis and immunoblastic lymphoma is reported. Cytogenetic studies showed complex chromosome abnormalities concerning chromosomes 8, 14 and 22, other than the Ph chromosome. A possible relationship between the emergence of immunoblasts from slow proliferating lymphoplasmacytoid cells, myeloid blasts crisis and chromosomal changes is discussed.

Blast Crisis↗
PubMed1989

Pathologic assessment of computerized tomography accuracy for the evaluation of the laryngeal cartilaginous framework in laryngopharyngeal carcinomas.

Sixty-six whole-organ sectioned laryngopharyngectomy specimens removed for cancer during a seven-year period were uniformly examined to determine the accuracy of preoperative high resolution computerized tomography (CT) for detection of cartilaginous involvement. Our results indicate that CT has a high overall specificity (88.2%) but a low sensitivity (47.1%); we observed a high false-negative rate (26.5%) and a fairly low false-positive rate (5.9%). Massive cartilage destruction was easily assessed by CT, whereas both small macroscopic and microscopic neoplastic foci of cartilaginous invasion were missed on CT scans. Moreover, false-positive cases were mainly due to proximity of the tumor to the cartilage. Clinical implications of these results are discussed.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1989

T staging of the laryngohypopharyngeal carcinoma. A 7-year multidisciplinary experience.

Sixty-six whole-organ sectioned, nonirradiated, laryngopharyngectomy specimens that were removed because of cancer during a 7-year period were uniformly examined to determine the accuracy of perioperative T staging by high-resolution computed tomography (CT) and clinical evaluation (indirect-direct laryngoscopy) by comparing this preoperative staging with the postsurgical pathologic staging. The accuracy of the clinical vs CT staging for laryngeal carcinomas was 58.8% vs 70.6%, whereas the accuracy of the staging by combination of the two modalities was 88.2%. Combined staging modalities showed the same accuracy for laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinomas (88.2%), whereas clinical staging accuracy for hypopharyngeal carcinomas was lower (52.9%) and CT accuracy was higher (82.4%) than that observed for laryngeal carcinomas. In the majority of the cases that were staged inaccurately, the error was one of under-estimation: in particular, tumors confined to the mucosa and early infiltration of laryngeal fat spaces were not detected by CT.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Immunoglobulin and T cell receptor gene rearrangements and in situ immunophenotyping in lymphoproliferative disorders.

We investigated for rearrangements of the immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy and light chain genes and of the T cell receptor gamma (TCR gamma) and beta (TCR beta) genes 45 biopsy samples from a variety of lymphoproliferative disorders. They were diagnosed histopathologically and immunophenotypically as non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) of the B cell type (19 cases), NHLs of the T cell type (3 cases), NHLs of "undetermined" cell type (3 cases), atypical lymphoid proliferation (1 case) and AIDS-related lymphadenopathies with florid polyclonal follicular hyperplasia (19 cases). A monoclonal proliferation of B cells was shown by DNA analysis in all 19 B cell NHLs. In two immunohistologically determined T cell NHLs (both diagnosed as mycosis fungoides) the cells had rearrangements of TCR beta gene, whereas in the third case (lymphoblastic NHL) the cells had rearrangements of Ig heavy chain and TCR gamma and TCR beta genes. None of the B cell NHLs exhibited TCR gamma and TCR beta gene rearrangement bands. All the "undetermined" cell NHLs demonstrated rearrangements of Ig heavy chain gene associated with the germ line TCR gamma and TCR beta genes; in two cases light chain gene rearrangements were also found. The atypical lymphoid proliferation, in which the differential diagnosis was between a reactive or malignant process, and two out of 19 cases of florid polyclonal follicular hyperplasia showed a clonal B cell population by DNA analysis. This study indicates that there was a strong correlation between the rearrangements of specific genes and the immunophenotype of the NHL; moreover, DNA analysis of tissue biopsy specimens from phenotypically "undetermined" cell NHLs and from equivocal lymphoid proliferation using Ig and TCR gene probes yielded an answer in the cases analyzed. The significance of clonal B cell expansions found in two AIDS-related lymphadenopathies should be interpreted with caution.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1989

Presurgery chemotherapy (CT) in locally advanced bladder carcinoma: a feasible and possibly effective approach.

In October 1984, a prospective pilot study aiming to evaluate the feasibility and to preliminarily test the efficacy of the chemotherapy--surgery sequence in locally advanced bladder carcinoma was started at our institutions. Chemotherapy consisted of adriamycin 50 mg mq-2 and cisplatin 50 mg mq-2 on day 1 and fluorouracil 500 mg mq-2 and teniposide 100 mg mq-2 on days 1 and 8; chemotherapy was repeated every 3 weeks for three cycles and followed by surgery (radical cystectomy; TUR if radical surgery medically contraindicated). The characteristics of the 28 patients so far treated include: T3b in 26 patients, local relapse after surgery in two, nodal metastases in seven. Twenty-five patients were male and three female, median age was 61 yr (range 42-75). Clinical response following chemotherapy was: complete remission (CR) in five patients, partial remission (PR) in 15, stable disease (SD) in three, progression (PRO) in two. Three patients are not evaluable. Treatment was moderately well tolerated. Thirteen patients underwent radical surgery, three exploratory surgery, three TUR; refusal in three patients, early death in two, too early in one. No evidence of disease was found in the surgical specimen of five patients (three CR, two PR), microscopic residual disease in four PR patients, gross residual disease in 11 patients (one CR, six PR, two SD, two PRO). Actuarial median survival (all 28 patients) is 45% at 36 months. These preliminary results suggest that the combination of chemotherapy and surgery is feasible and may be effective in these poor prognosis patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Dipeptidylaminopeptidase IV activity in T lymphocyte subsets in B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.

The total T cell population and T cell subsets in ten lymph nodes with reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH) and 23 specimens (21 lymph nodes, one stomach, and one small bowel) involved by histologically and immunohistologically diagnosed B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) were determined by reactivity with monoclonal antibodies Leu 4-CD3, Leu 3-CD4, and Leu 2-CD8 in cytospin preparations from cell suspensions. T cell populations were also investigated for the coexpression of dipeptidylaminopeptidase IV (DAP IV) activity, which was visualized simultaneously with cell surface immunostaining by a combined cytochemical and immunocytochemical method. The mean absolute percentage of Leu 4-CD3+ (total T) and Leu 3-CD4+ cell populations was significantly lower in B cell NHL cases than in RLH cases (35% v 54%, P less than .001; 29.5% v 44.4%, P less than .01). No difference in the mean absolute percentage of the Leu 2-CD8+ T cell subset was found between the RLH cases and the B cell NHL cases classified as other than category A as described by the Working Formulation (WF) of NHLs. The relative percentage of Leu 4-CD3+ and Leu 2-CD8+ cells coexpressing DAP IV reactivity was lower in B cell NHL cases than in RLH cases (27.3% v 39.5%, P less than .05; 13.5% v 24.4%, P less than .10). There was no difference in the proportion of Leu 3-CD4+ cells expressing DAP IV reactivity between the NHL and RLH groups (34.5% v 36.1%). Since the mean relative percentage of Leu 2-CD8+ cells expressing DAP IV reactivity in the B cell NHL group in the other than category A according to the WF was lower than that of the RLH group (12.5% v 24.4%), and whereas the mean absolute percentage of total Leu 2-CD8+ cells was similar in the two groups (16.6% and 16.6%), a possible defective role of this Leu 2-CD8+ DAP IV+ subset, at least in B cell NHLs in the other than category A according to the WF, may be hypothesized.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

Basement membrane components in lymphoid follicles: immunohistochemical demonstration and relationship to the follicular dendritic cell network.

We analyzed the distribution of two basement membrane components, laminin and type IV collagen, in human reactive and neoplastic lymphoid follicles by using immunoenzymatic and immunofluorescence methods on serial frozen sections from 11 reactive lymph nodes, three palatine tonsils, and 11 immunophenotypically defined B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The patterns of distribution of these two antigens were compared with that of follicular dendritic reticulum cells (DRCs) as visualized by anti-DRC-1 and anti-desmoplakin 1 and 2 antibodies. Immunostaining for laminin and type IV collagen produced overlapping results. Germinal centers contained some vascular and fiber-like linear staining, but the most striking feature was the presence of a large amount of punctate-granular staining. This staining was present throughout the entire area of most of the germinal centers, although often more densely in the central areas. The stronger punctate-granular staining for laminin, type IV collagen, and desmoplakin 1 and 2 corresponded to the more densely stained areas for DRC-1. Double immunofluorescence assay demonstrated that there was a close similarity between the punctate-granular staining pattern of laminin and the dendritic network of DRC-1-positive cells. In the nine B cell lymphomas of follicular center origin in which DRCs were present, although distributed in different patterns, immunostaining for laminin and type IV collagen could be observed only in those areas showing immunoreactivity for DRC-1. The results of this study suggest that the punctate-granular staining pattern for laminin and type IV collagen is specific for the follicle. This finding may be strictly related to the follicular microenvironment because the pattern of distribution displayed by laminin and type IV collagen seems to be spatially related to the staining pattern of DRCs, as visualized by the anti-DRC-1 and desmoplakins antibodies, both in reactive and neoplastic conditions.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗