Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A Carbone

Publications and source records attributed to A Carbone.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Human Harvey-ras is biochemically different from Kirsten- or N-ras.

The biochemical effects of the human H-, N- and K-ras oncogenes were studied. We analysed the induction of c-fos mRNA and protein by the protein kinase C (PKC) activator 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in exponentially growing NIH3T3 fibroblasts transformed by transfection with ras oncogenes. We found that H-ras has the unique ability to inhibit c-fos induction by TPA. In contrast, normal c-fos expression was induced by TPA in fibroblasts transformed by N- or K-ras or by the ras-unrelated oncogenes dbl and trk. The inhibition of c-fos induction by H-ras was not due to alteration in the binding of TPA to the transformed cells or to the selection of idiosyncratic clones. These results provide clear evidence that H-ras is functionally different from K- or N-ras.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Hybrid lymphoid blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia with both immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor gene rearrangements.

A case of Ph1+ chronic myeloid leukemia in blast crisis (CML-BC) is reported, in which the periodic acid Schiff and myeloperoxidase negative blasts displayed high terminal deoxynucleotidyl activity and coexpressed both B- (CD19, CD10, and CD24) and T- (CD7) lymphoid markers. In line with the immunophenotype, DNA analysis revealed a rearranged configuration of both the immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor (beta, gamma, and delta) genes. In spite of this dual B/T phenotype and genotype, the negativity of CyCD3 favors the suggestion that the target of the neoplastic event is an early B cell, with a cross lineage involvement of the putative common recombinase. However, taking into account that a normal counterpart of a biphenotypic B/T ALL has been recognized, it could be hypothesized that the leukemic transformation may have involved an oligopotent B/T lymphoid precursor. This case confirms the lineage heterogeneity of CML-BC and suggests that DNA analyses coupled to extensive immunophenotyping may allow further insight for a more precise recognition of both normal and leukemic ontogenesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Histopathologic, immunophenotypic, and genotypic analysis of Ki-1 anaplastic large cell lymphomas that express histiocyte-associated antigens.

CD30/Ki-1 antigen expression in 243 cases of malignant lymphomas was examined using Ber-H2 monoclonal antibody. Among them 20 cases were categorized as Ki-1 anaplastic large cell lymphoma. In two of these cases histiocyte-associated markers were also expressed. In these cases histopathologic and extensive in situ immunophenotypic analyses were used with genotypic studies in the determination of cell lineage. A sinusoid histologic pattern of involvement with partial lymph node infiltration by pleomorphic neoplastic cells was noticed in the nodes from both patients. Solid areas of node replacement resembling metastatic carcinoma were seen in Patient 1. Immunohistologically, tumor cells of both cases were positive for CD30, CD25, CD71, LN3 (HLA-DR), EMA, CD45, CD74, vimentin, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, and CD68. Patient 1 was also CD45RO+, CD43+, whereas Patient 2 was positive for alpha-1-antitrypsin and CD4 tumor cells. Genotypic studies revealed that TCR beta and TCR gamma chain genes were clonally rearranged in Patient 1, whereas no rearrangements were detected in Patient 2. This study supports the view that some Ki-1 anaplastic large cell lymphomas may express multiple histiocyte-associated antigens and confirms that this group of neoplasms have immunophenotypic heterogeneity. The results of genotypic analyses used with immunophenotyping does not exclude that the tumor cells in these cases may be of true histiocytic origin despite the Ki-1-positive phenotype.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the elderly. I. Pathologic features at presentation.

The pathologic findings of 118 patients aged 70 years or older with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) are reported. These patients formed 27.2% of 433 consecutive cases of NHL seen in a single institution over a 5-year period. Thirty-one of 433 NHL cases were histologically not classified, whereas the remaining 402 could be classified according to the International Working Formulation (WF) of NHL for clinical usage. Immunophenotypic analyses were carried out in 112 NHL cases; of this group 28 were NHL in elderly patients. Of the 95 elderly NHL that could be classified in the histologic categories of the WF 28 cases were in the low-grade, 41 in the intermediate-grade, and 26 in the high-grade categories. Eighty-one cases had diffuse histologic types and 14 had follicular/nodular histologic types. Thirty-five cases were of the G (diffuse large cell) + H (large cell, immunoblastic) categories. No significant differences in the prevalence of the different subtypes were observed among patients younger or older than 70 years. Immunohistologically, most NHL cases in the elderly expressed B-cell phenotype. Sixty-two NHL in the elderly were extranodal at presentation. The results of this study indicate that elderly patients form a relevant proportion of patients developing NHL and thereby present a very difficult management problem. The pathologic features of NHL in the elderly does not differ significantly from those of their younger counterparts, although an increase in diffuse versus follicular histologic patterns, and in extranodal versus nodal disease was observed with advancing age.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Differential expression of CD54/intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in myeloid leukemias and in lymphoproliferative disorders.

Indirect immunofluorescence staining with monoclonal antibody (MoAb) CL203.4 of malignant cells from 269 patients with hematologic malignancies showed a heterogeneous expression of CD54/intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). This marker was expressed by malignant cells of 57 out of 118 patients with myeloid malignancies and 69 out of 135 with B-lymphoid malignancies. On the other hand, CD54 was not detected on malignant cells of 16 patients with T-lymphoid malignancies. In myeloid malignancies, CD54 is preferentially expressed by "stem cell-derived" malignancies, being detectable on blast cells from almost all patients affected by chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast phase or myelodysplastic syndromes and by only 34% of patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The expression of CD54 did not correlate with any specific myeloid FAB subtype, although three cases of highly undifferentiated AML (FAB MO) displayed maximal levels of the antigen. The expression of CD54 in AML was significantly associated with that of CD34 and HLA-DR antigens. In B-lymphoid malignancies, CD54 expression appears to correlate with the differentiation stage of malignant cells, since B-origin acute lymphoblastic leukemias and conventional B-chronic lymphocytic leukemias (B-CLL; ie, "dim SIg" CLL) expressed lower levels of CD54 than more mature lymphoproliferative disorders ("bright SIg" CLL, prolymphocytic leukemias, and lymphoplasmacytic tumors). "High-grade" B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (B-NHL) express in general a higher level of CD54 than "low-grade" ones. This finding in conjunction with the expression of CD54 in all 17 patients with "bright SIg" CLL investigated (characterized by marked organomegaly and poor prognosis) suggest that the differential expression of CD54 in lymphoproliferative disorders may also relate to their degree of malignancy.

Antigens, Surface↗
PubMed1990

Report of an unusual small lymphocytic B-cell lymphoma selectively involving the B-zone of lymph node.

Selective involvement of the B-cell compartment of lymph node by B-cell malignant lymphomas is an occasional finding related to early phases of lymph node infiltration. The authors have observed a unique case of diffuse small lymphocytic lymphoma that consisted of immunohistologically and genotypically proven B-clonal population exhibiting a repetitive pattern of infiltration in three lymph node samples obtained from the patient during a 9-year period. This pattern consisted of a selective and complete replacement of the B-areas with disappearance of follicles and widening of the medullary cords, an expanded T-zone showing features consistent with dermatopathic lymphadenitis and well-preserved sinuses. Clinically, multiple involved sites at presentation (lymph nodes, spleen, skin, bone marrow, and peripheral blood) and during the 9-year follow-up (testis) were detected, and the disease was associated with a relative indolent course like other low-grade lymphomas. The phenotypic profile of lymphoma cells studied by immunoperoxidase method, and by single-labeling and double-labeling flow cytometric analyses (SIg+, K+, LN2+, MB1+, MB2+, HLA-DR+, CD 9+, CD19+, CD 20+, CD 21+, CD 22+, CD 24+, Leu 8+, CD 5-, CD 10-, CD 11b-, CD 11c-, CD 25-, CD 38-, PCA-1-, FMC-7-, CD 23-) was consistent with a B-cell proliferation at an intermediate stage of differentiation but distinct from other well-defined B-cell neoplasms. Whether such unique B-zone pattern was due to an intrinsic property of this lymphoma or it is to be related to the coexisting reactive T-zone expansion remains controversial.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1990

AIDS-related B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in direct blood-stream HIV-infected patients: pathogenesis and differentiation features.

Six AIDS-related NHLs from direct blood-stream HIV-infected patients were characterized for clonality, maturation cell characteristics, activation of c-myc proto-oncogene and presence of HIV and EBV genomes. Four out of the 6 AIDS-related NHLs were of immature B-cell origin, contrasting with the lower frequency (2 out of 31) of immature B-cell NHLs occurring in HIV-negative patients. Moreover, 3 out of the 4 AIDS-related pre-B-NHLs were extranodal lymphomas. C-myc translocations or rearrangements were not found in Italian AIDS-related NHLs, unlike c-myc activation which had a high prevalence in the American series of AIDS-related NHLs. HIV and EBV are not, or only occasionally, directly involved in AIDS-related NHL pathogenesis since HIV genome has never been found in the neoplastic clones and EBV genome was detected in only 1 out of the 6 lymphomas analyzed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Establishment and characterization of a leukemic murine cell line derived from MCF 247 MuLV-induced T-cell lymphoma.

Understanding of the leukemic evolution of human non-Hodgkin's lymphomas is hindered by the lack of appropriate animal models. For this purpose, a highly leukemic cell line NQ22, derived from a MCF 247 murine leukemia virus (MuLV)-induced murine T-cell lymphoma, was established, and its preliminary characterization is described. The NQ22 cell line is easily transplantable subcutaneously (s.c.) into syngeneic AKR mice exhibiting early peripheral blood invasion and widespread dissemination with a leukemic pattern of infiltration. Such peculiar in vivo behavior is a stable phenotypic feature, probably determined genetically. Biological and differentiation characteristics of the NQ22 cell line were analyzed and compared to those of other non-leukemic T-lymphoma lines. In addition, no evidence of possible involvement of plasminogen activator (PA) enzymes and of their inhibitors (PAI) in the spreading ability of NQ22 cells was observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy versus radiotherapy alone in locally advanced epidermoid bronchogenic carcinoma. A randomized study.

Between June 1980 and December 1983, 111 patients with inoperable epidermoid bronchogenic carcinoma (limited disease) were entered into a randomized trial comparing radiotherapy alone versus radiotherapy and combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin (doxorubicin), methotrexate, and procarbazine. Thirty-five of 62 (56.4%) patients treated with 4500 rad in 15 fractions in 3 weeks and 19 of 49 (38.8%) patients treated with the same radiation treatment and chemotherapy had an objective response. The difference in response rate was not significant (P = 0.900). Median time to progression was 5.9 and 7.02 months, respectively, for the radiation treatment and the combined treatment. Median survival was 11.74 and 10.03 months, respectively, without statistically significant differences between the two groups of patients. The toxicity was acceptable and no treatment-related death occurred in either treatment schedule. In this study no significant superiority of combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatment over radiation therapy alone was evidenced. Whether different chemotherapy regimens may prove more effective in this context should be clarified by further studies.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1990

Nasopharyngeal lymphatic tissue in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. A prospective clinicopathologic study.

A prospective clinicopathologic study of the nasopharyngeal lymphatic tissue, using a standardized approach, was carried out in 66 patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Aviano, Italy. Two hundred eighteen patients without HIV infection served as a control group. A significantly higher percentage of nasopharyngeal lymphatic tissue hypertrophy was observed in HIV-infected patients compared with the control group, both clinically and pathologically. The finding of a higher incidence of nasopharyngeal lymphatic tissue hypertrophy during some stages of the disease, when cervical lymph nodes are enlarged, suggests that the extranodal nasopharyngeal district behaves in the same way as the lymph nodes. Nasopharyngeal lymphatic tissue hypertrophy should be placed at the forefront of the hitherto known head and neck manifestations of HIV infection. An ear, nose, and throat examination is mandatory for all patients with known or suspected HIV infection.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1990

Anti-vimentin antibody reactivity with Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's disease.

There are few data on the reactivity of Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells with antibodies against vimentin. In a preliminary survey of biopsy specimens from 16 cases of Hodgkin's disease (HD), we found that the antivimentin (V9) monoclonal antibody stained RS cells in 6 cases. We therefore examined vimentin expression on RS cells immunohistologically in 38 Bouin-fixed and paraffin-embedded lymph nodes with HD [lymphocyte predominance (LP) 4; nodular sclerosis (NS) 23; mixed cellularity (MC) 7; lymphocyte depletion (LD) 4]. The results were correlated with the histopathological features, the immunohistological phenotype of the RS cells, and the findings obtained from molecular genetics studies (available in 13 cases). RS cells were found to express strong and diffuse cytoplasmic staining for vimentin in 13 cases, all of the NS subtype. No differences in antigenic expression on RS cells were found between the vimentin-positive and negative cases within the NS subtype. DNA analysis revealed no B- or T-cell clonal populations in the tested samples. The results indicated that RS cells were immunostained by anti-vimentin (V9) antibody with a relatively high frequency, but only in the NS subtype of HD. This subtype, however, was heterogeneous according to vimentin immunostaining on RS cells. The significance of this finding concerning the RS cell origin in this subset is discussed.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1990

Dendritic reticulum cell-related immunostaining for laminin in follicular and diffuse B-cell lymphomas.

We performed a comparative immunohistocytochemical study of the distribution patterns of laminin and follicular dendritic reticulum cells (DRCs) within their follicular microenvironment in both nodular or diffuse B-cell non Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs). Twenty nine cases of immunophenotypically diagnosed B-cell NHLs (19 of follicular center cell origin-FCCL- and 10 of the diffuse well differentiated lymphocytic type-WDLL-) and five reactive lymph nodes with follicular hyperplasia were analyzed by immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence techniques. Serial frozen sections and cytospin preparations were tested either with single antibodies anti laminin and DRC-1, or paired reagents in double labeling immunofluorescence. Our results indicated consistently that within both the reactive germinal centers and the neoplastic nodules of FCCL laminin immunostaining visualized a punctate-granular pattern apart from the linear vascular basement membrane positivity. Double immunofluorescence assay demonstrated that there was a close parallelism between this laminin staining pattern and DRC-1 distribution showing a well developed DRCs meshwork; in the diffuse tumour areas of both FCCL and WDLL, laminin immunoreactivity was found only in those cases in which nests of DRCs were observed. Double immunofluorescence studies performed on cytospin preparations demonstrated that the groups of cells containing DRC-1 positive cells, contained a positivity for laminin, although within the cell the staining for DRC-1 was intense and diffuse, while that for laminin was granular and more sparse. Our results suggested that these laminin and DRC-1 positive reactive sites may be present on the same cells. Since the reduction in number or loss of both DRCs and their related immunostaining for laminin within the microenvironment was consistently associated with a loss of nodularity by lymphoma cells, whereas nodularity in reactive and neoplastic conditions was associated with a rich DRCs meshwork and the related laminin immunostaining, a trapping function of DRCs exercised in the presence of laminin should be considered.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1990

Vimentin immunostaining in fibroblastic reticulum cells within human reactive and neoplastic lymphoid follicles.

We analyzed the distribution of fibroblastic reticulum cells (FRCs), stationary cells of lymphoid tissues, as visualized by the anti-vimentin (V9) monoclonal antibody in human reactive and neoplastic lymphoid follicles, by using immunoenzymatic and immunofluorescence methods on fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 37 lymphoid specimens with reactive disorders and 10 specimens with nodular/follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs). The pattern of distribution of the vimentin-positive (VIM+) FRCs was compared with that of follicular dendritic reticulum cells (DRCs) as visualized by anti-S-100 protein antibody. Elongate VIM+ FRCs intimately attached to reticulum fibers were randomly distributed in the paracortical and interfollicular areas of lymph nodes, whereas they were recognized specifically in the mantle zones of the secondary follicles, mostly in the outer margins. Germinal centers were consistently devoid of VIM+ FRCs. Comparative analysis on serial sections as well as paired immunoperoxidase and double immunofluorescence studies demonstrated that there was a sharp difference between the patterns of intrafollicular distribution of VIM+ FRCs and S-100 protein-positive (S-100+) DRCs without juxtaposition, the FRCs being confined to the mantle zones. In the 10 nodular/follicular NHLs VIM+ FRCs could be observed in the thinned mantles of neoplastic nodules displaying a corona-like pattern that accentuated the boundaries of the nodules. The results of this study support the view that the intrafollicular distribution of VIM+ FRCs is specific for the mantle zone. The different microenvironmental organization within the follicles of VIM+ FRCs and S-100+ DRCs suggests that FRCs or at least VIM+ FRCs are stationary cells strictly related to the mantle zone microenvironment, where they may play a role in supposed sustentacular and immunologic functions similar to that of DRCs in the germinal center microenvironment.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1990

Monomorphic adenomas of the major salivary glands: clinicopathological study of 44 cases.

We report 44 cases of monomorphic adenoma (MA) of the major salivary glands observed during the years 1979-1989. All of these tumours were reviewed and classified on the basis of the World Health Organisation (WHO) criteria. Histological type, site, sex and age were considered. 34 cases of adenolymphoma were observed, all of them located in the parotid glands; 10 MA without lymphoid stroma were located in both parotid and submandibular glands. Distinctive histological and clinico-pathological features of the latter group of tumours are discussed, as well as the diagnostic criteria in distinguishing these tumours from pleomorphic adenoma and adenoid-cystic carcinoma.

Adenolymphoma↗
PubMed1990

Genotypic and immunophenotypic characterization of two human light chain-only B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.

Two atypical human non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) that exhibited unusual genotypic and in situ immunophenotypic abnormalities are described. Immunophenotypically, both NHLs lacked surface Ig heavy chains. With the exception of the MB2 B-cell-associated antigen, no B- and T-cell differentiation antigen was detected in case 1. NHL 2 failed to show evidence of clonality by immunohistochemical analysis but revealed the presence of many B-lymphocytes with an abnormal phenotypic profile: CD19+, CD20+, CD22+, kappa-, lambda-, CD9-, CD10-, CD21-, and CD24-. Genotypic analysis indicated that both lymphomas derived from anomalously matured pre-B-cells that had rearranged the lambda or kappa light chain genes but not the Ig heavy chain gene. The neoplastic cells of the two NHLs resemble the light chain-only B-cells recently discovered, following Epstein-Barr virus immortalization, in the human bone marrow. The authors' data confirm, therefore, the existence of the light chain-only B-cells in the human hematopoietic compartment. Moreover, their results emphasize the conclusive role of the immunogenotypic analysis in defining clonality, lineage, and maturation abnormalities of such atypical NHLs.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Ki-M6 immunostaining in routinely processed sections of reactive and neoplastic human lymphoid tissue.

A monoclonal antibody, termed Ki-M6 (CD68), which shows a restricted reactivity to cells of the monocyte/macrophage system, has been evaluated primarily with the use of cryostat sections. In this study the authors could assess that the Ki-M6 antibody recognizes a fixation-resistant epitope in most human macrophages. The Ki-M6 immunoreactivity with monocyte/macrophage-related cells was established by testing on routinely processed samples of reactive and neoplastic lymphoid tissues; it was compared with the staining for vimentin (V9) and S-100 protein antibodies, with visualization of the stationary elements of lymphoid tissues, with the aim of establishing its value in the study of the nonlymphoid microenvironment. The Ki-M6 antibody reactivity could be achieved with Bouin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections, without any proteolytic treatment, with the use of the avidin-biotin complex (ABC) method, especially after overnight incubation time at 4 degrees C. Some reduction in antigenic reactivity was observed in B5- or formaldehyde-fixed samples. The antibody reacted with macrophages of all different lymph node compartments; a broad reactivity against cells of macrophage lineage, including multinucleated giant cells, was observed in epithelioid granulomas. Ki-M6-positive cells other than classic macrophages were the so-called "plasmacytoid T-cells" and cells displaying elongated cytoplasms with fibroblastic-like features. Granulocytes, follicular dendritic reticulum cells, and interdigitating reticulum cells did not reveal any reactivity with Ki-M6 antibody. In malignant lesions, neoplastic cells of follicular and diffuse B- and T-cell lymphomas, including large cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, and Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's disease were negative in all cases studied. This study shows that Ki-M6 seems to be another anti-macrophage-specific antibody that reacts, in routinely processed tissue sections, with tissue macrophages but not with accessory cells. Thus, it may be a valuable addition to vimentin and S-100 protein antibodies for investigation of the microenvironmental organization of lymphoid tissues both in normal and neoplastic conditions.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1990

Phase II study of teniposide (VM26) in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas.

A Phase II study of teniposide (VM26) in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) was performed in 15 patients affected by stage III, IV according to TNM (mycosis fungoides or Sézary syndrome). All patients were pretreated, and VM26 was administered at a dose of 100 mg/m2 weekly for at least 3 weeks. Objective responses were observed in 40% of the patients, with two complete responses lasting 26 and 46 months. The drug was well tolerated in elderly patients and deserves further evaluation either for inclusion in first-line combination regimens or for palliative treatment in heavily pretreated or elderly patients.

Adult↗