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Biomedical subjects

A Byrne

Publications and source records attributed to A Byrne.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

The effect of exercise on depression, anxiety and other mood states: a review.

This paper addresses the current literature related to investigations of the link between exercise treatments and depression, anxiety and other mood states. Results from these investigations are supportive of the anti-depressant, anti-anxiety and mood enhancing effects of exercise programs. There were considered to be, however, a number of potential methodological problems in many of the research studies; the nature of these were considered. Finally, some possible directions for future research are outlined.

Affect↗
PubMed1993

Depression following laryngectomy. A pilot study.

When a group of 10 patients who had received surgery for carcinoma of the larynx were compared with 10 control patients who had received radiotherapy for carcinoma of the larynx, four of the former but none of the latter were found to be suffering from depression, a statistically significant difference. Depression was associated with poor communication skills and geographical isolation. Psychiatric intervention is recommended for patients undergoing mutilating forms of surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Prepregnancy counselling: experience from 1,075 cases.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the activity of a prepregnancy counselling clinic in terms of investigations, counselling, treatment and subsequent pregnancy outcome. DESIGN: Review of 1,075 couples attending over a nine year period. SETTING: University Hospital offering a tertiary referral service for fetal medicine. SUBJECTS: Couples referred to the clinic from a variety of sources. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Categories of referral, value of diagnostic tests, and subsequent pregnancy outcome. RESULTS: The main categories of referral were: previous miscarriage (44.4%); previous fetal abnormality (19.6%); chronic maternal disease (22.3%); and others (13.7%). Routine investigations produced a low yield of abnormality (1%), in contrast to investigations selected for specific reasons (12%). Subsequent pregnancy outcome, which was unaltered in either the previous miscarriage or fetal abnormality groups, did improve in the chronic maternal disease group. CONCLUSIONS: This study does not prove the value of prepregnancy counselling. However, it does illustrate the importance of making an accurate assessment of previous problems and current health as a means of determining both maternal and fetal risks in a subsequent pregnancy, a process which seems to lead to an improved outcome within selected groups. The importance of continuity of care in all couples, especially when there has been a previous adverse pregnancy outcome is emphasized.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1991

IS406 and IS407, two gene-activating insertion sequences for Pseudomonas cepacia.

We have determined the nucleotide sequences of IS406 (1368 bp) and IS407 (1236 bp), two insertion sequence (IS) elements isolated from Pseudomonas cepacia 249 on the basis of their abilities to activate the expression of the lac genes of Tn951. IS406 and IS407 when inserted into the lac promoter/operator region of Tn951 generated, respectively, duplications of 8 and 4 bp of target DNA. IS406 had 41-bp terminal inverted repeat (IR) sequences with eleven mismatches. IR-L (left) contained a 12-bp motif present at the ends of Tn2501. In other respects, IS406 was distinct from previously described bacterial IS elements listed in the GenBank and EMBL databases. IS407 had 49-bp terminal IRs with 18 mismatches. IR-R (right) contained an outwardly directed sigma 70-like promoter. IS407 was closely related to IS476 and ISR1 from Xanthomonas and Rhizobium sp., respectively.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Psychiatric and neurological effects of chronic solvent abuse.

This study is a review of the psychiatric and neurological effects of solvent inhalation on a group of 22 patients with chronic histories of solvent abuse, primarily toluene-based solvents. The findings suggest that the chronic inhalation of toluene-based adhesives can produce a paranoid psychosis which may persist. Other findings were a high incidence of temporal lobe epilepsy and decrease in IQ. We suggest that the psychiatric and neurological sequelae of chronic solvent abuse are serious and potentially irreversible. Toluene is felt to be a major factor in the morbidity associated with chronic solvent abuse, and attention is drawn to the necessity for educational programs in this area. The burden caused by the resulting psychiatric problems resulting from solvent abuse may have implications for health care budgets.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Etomidate infusions for the control of refractory status epilepticus.

Etomidate was used in eight patients to control status epilepticus which had been refractory to previous anticonvulsant therapy. Cortical activity was measured using a Cerebral Function Analysing Monitor and etomidate administered to achieve a 5 microV mean amplitude, avoiding burst suppression if possible with obliteration of any paroxysmal increase in amplitude. Neuromuscular blockade facilitated endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation, and corticosteroid replacement was provided. Rapid control of seizure activity, with cardiovascular stability, was obtained in all cases. Initially the mean infusion rate of etomidate required to achieve adequate suppression of cortical activity was 25 micrograms kg-1 min-1, but several patients exhibited tachyphylaxis. Weaning from the infusion presented difficulties in four patients due to recurring seizures. Adrenocortical function returned to normal within 96 hrs of stopping the infusion. At six month follow up, two patients had died, and two patients had significant reduction in cerebral function compared with their pre-morbid state.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Opioidergic control of gonadotropin secretion in the female rabbit: divergent effects of morphine on secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone.

The nature of secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was followed in female rabbits on a daily basis from age 36 to 60 days by sequential 5-min blood sampling over 1- to 2-h periods each day. Both LH and FSH were found to be secreted in a pulsatile manner. The mean LH pulse amplitude over the 25 days was 0.95 +/- 0.32 ng/mL and for FSH it was 10.15 +/- 1.11 ng/mL. Mean plasma LH levels were significantly increased from 1.46 +/- 0.08 ng/mL in 36 to 42-day-old rabbits to 1.89 +/- 0.12 ng/mL in 43 to 50-day-old rabbits and remained elevated from 50 to 60 days. FSH levels during the same periods also rose significantly from 14.93 +/- 0.79 to 19.57 +/- 2.05 ng/mL. To examine the influence of endogenous opioid peptides on the release of LH and FSH in 36 to 60-day-old female rabbits, morphine sulfate at 0.2, 0.5, 2.0, and 5.0 mg/kg was administered subcutaneously after 30 min baseline sampling, and blood was taken for another 60-120 min. Morphine at all doses and at all ages inhibited the amplitude and frequency of LH pulses but had no effect on FSH secretion. To determine whether the effects of morphine on LH secretion could be reversed with naloxone, females aged 82-114 days were used. Naloxone administered 1 h after morphine reversed the inhibitory effects of morphine, whereas the simultaneous administration of naloxone with morphine had variable effects but seemed to delay the LH increase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aging↗
PubMed1989

Pimozide in pathological jealousy.

A 39-year-old man had his pathological jealousy successfully treated with pimozide. It is suggested that pimozide might be considered the drug of choice in all the monodelusional disorders.

Adult↗