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Biomedical subjects

A Bosch

Publications and source records attributed to A Bosch.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Compensation of cyclophosphamide immunosuppression by a bacterial immunostimulant (Broncho-Vaxom) in mice.

The compensatory effect of a bacterial lysate, Broncho-Vaxom (BV) on the immunosuppressive action of cyclophosphamide (CY) was investigated. In CY immunosuppressed mice, BV treated animals recovered to normal levels of IgM and IgG in serum as well of IgA and IgG in gut secretions significantly earlier than controls. Furthermore, normal cell proliferation in thymus, as estimated by measuring the relative size of this organ was achieved earlier in BV treated mice than in control mice. Oral treatment with BV restores the number of IgM anti SRBC producing cells in spleen, in CY immunosuppressed mice. Since immunosuppression induced by CY increases the susceptibility to various infections, we tested in immunosuppressed animals the protective effect of BV towards IP challenge infections with Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae var ozaenae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. BV led to an enhanced resistance towards both pneumococci and staphylococci challenge infections but not to the other challenge microorganisms.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1982

Viral pollution of seawater at Barcelona.

A virological study of sea water was carried out at Barcelona (Spain) in June and September 1979. Three beaches were sampled in June; the September samples were taken in front of an outlet at 2, 5, 20 and 1,000 m offshore. All of the samples from the 3 beaches contained viruses, at rates varying from 0.12 to 1.72 MPNCU/l. Vaccinal poliovirus type 3 and coxsackie B5 predominated. For the offshore samples, 55% were positive with rates ranging from 0.15 to 0.36 MPNCU/l. Vaccinal poliovirus type 3 was clearly predominant. There was no significant difference in viral pollution rates between 2m and 1,000 m offshore.

Enterovirus B, Human↗
PubMed1980

Lymph node metastases in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the submaxillary gland.

The incidence of neck metastases in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck is considered low and reported incidence range from 0 to 18%. If tumors of the submaxillary gland are considered separately, the incidence of neck metastases reported ranges from 0 to 100%, with a pooled incidence of 34%, significantly higher (P less than 0.001) than that reported for the parotid gland, which ranges from 0 to 21% with a pooled incidence of 10%. It may be suggested that the high incidence of neck metastases in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the submaxillary gland is due, in some cases, to direct extention of the tumor from the gland to the adjacent nodes or from infiltrated surrounding soft tissues rather than by a classic embolic metastasis. In our series of 10 cases, 4 cases showed lymph node metastases. In 3 of these, slides of the radical neck dissection were available for review and showed direct extension of the tumor from surrounding involved soft tissues, although the possibility of embolic metastasis could not be excluded. In the 3 patients with neck metastases at the time of initial diagnosis, distant metastases also developed early in the course of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma.

Seven cases of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma were seen in the Division of Radiation Oncology of the Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Hospitals from 1961 to 1977. The method of treatments and the end results are discussed. The clinical manifestations and the biological nature of this tumor are analyzed in detail, along with treatment recommendations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Regulation of gene expression in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes on collagen gels.

The studies described in this paper demonstrate rather conclusively the efficacy of the study of the regulation of gene expression in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes. The utilization of these cells in completely defined medium allows one to determine the exact environmental conditions for the regulation of the expression of specific genes. In the studies described in this work, we have demonstrated that the regulation of glucokinase involved three hormones, insulin, corticosteroids, and T3. In contrast, the regulation of an enzyme involved primarily in fatty acid metabolism, ATP-citrate lyase, required only insulin and T3 for its full expression. Cyclic GMP appeared to be involved in the regulation of glucokinase, but not ATP-citrate lyase, a fact that would be extremely difficult to demonstrate clearly in vivo. The regulation of the gluconeogenic enzyme, ornithine aminotransferase, in vitro involved only a single hormone, glucagon, the inhibition of induction by corticoid steroids demonstrable in vivo being absent in cell culture. However, the repressive effect of glucose on the induction of this enzyme was quite comparable to that seen in vivo and was not mediated through cyclic AMP or insulin, based on findings in cell culture. Thus, the requirements for and the mechanisms involved in enzyme induction and repression by hormones and glucose may be much more easily studied in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes than in vivo, or even in hepatoma cell lines, where relatively few genes are expressed as compared with adult liver. In addition to the regulation of enzyme levels, the characteristics of protein secretion may be investigated in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes and compared with the biochemical and physiological parameters in the whole organism. This was exemplified by the study of the synthesis and secretion of alpha 2u-globulin that was secreted into the culture medium in both glycosylated and nonglycosylated forms but was maintained in the circulation in vivo, principally as the glycosylated form. Furthermore, the function of glycosylation in this particular instance may be deduced from a combination of the in vivo and in vitro approaches. The advantages of the use of primary hepatocyte cultures for the study of the regulation of gene expression in mammalian tissue has only recently been explored. Future investigations of the regulation of a variety of enzymes in these cultures as well as a study of the regulation of the synthesis of their messenger RNA are now possible and should provide an exciting system in which to understand at a molecular level the regulation of the expression of a number of genes.

ATP Citrate (pro-S)-Lyase↗
PubMed1979

Sequential hemi-body radiotherapy in advanced multiple myeloma.

Eleven patients with advanced multiple myeloma refractory to standard chemotherapy were treated with a regimen of sequential hemi-body radiotherapy consisting of 800 rad midplane in a single dose to each half. 9/10 patients experienced significant relief of skeletal pain and there were 5/11 objective tumor responses with one complete remission. Treatment-related morbidity was significant and consisted primarily of nausea and emesis, bone marrow suppression, and pneumonitis. This therapy is helpful in the management of advanced myeloma, and should be studied earlier in the course of the disease.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1979

Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus.

The relevant literature is reviewed in an attempt to clarify the true frequency of intraesophageal adenocarcinoma and to evaluate the different treatment modalities and survival of this uncommon type of tumor. The incidence of intraesophageal adenocarcinoma in reported clinical series is about 1%, and data from cancer registries show the incidence to be about 2% for upper and the middle thirds, a more reliable figure than that for the lower third in which lesions of cardia, or stomach infiltrating the lower esophagus have been included. The benefits of any particular treatment modality are difficult to evaluate in view of the rarity of this type of tumor, and the treatment results are as poor as those obtained in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Autopsy findings in carcinoma of the esophagus.

At autopsy of 82 cases of carcinoma of the esophagus over a period of 25 years metastatic tumor was found in 42 cases (51%) and residual tumor in the esophagus in 56 cases (86%). The most frequent site of metastases was in the lymph nodes, followed by liver, lung, and adrenal gland. Direct extension of the tumor to adjacent structures was established in 30 cases (36%), and the most frequent structure involved was the trachea. Five cases had a second primary and two cases a second separate lesion at another level of the esophagus.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Metastasis to neck from unknown primary tumor.

The records of 54 consecutive patients who were irradiated for metastatic disease in the neck from an unknown primary tumor were reviewed. The overall survival results are comparable to those of other reported series. Patients with high or posterior cervical lymph node involvement were irradiated with fields including the nasopharynx and oropharynx. Patients with high neck nodes had a better survival rate than those with low neck nodes. The size of the neck tumors and the local control after treatment also have prognostic significance.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

The genetic basis of susceptibility to leukemia induction in mice by 3-methylcholanthrene applied percutaneously.

Susceptibility to leukemia induction in mice by skin painting with 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) is strain-specific, occurring only in strains relatively resistant to MCA-induced skin tumors. The Ah locus, which has a dominant allele (Ahb) for inducibility of the aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) enzyme system and a recessive allele (Ahd) for noninducibility, appears to be the major determinant of this trait. MCA-painted mice of strains and crosses carrying the Ahb allele usually show a high incidence of skin tumors (papillomas which may evolve into malignant tumors) and little or no leukemia, whereas in mice homozygous for the Ahd allele the treatment usually induces a high incidence of leukemia and few or no skin tumors. Among mice of a segregating backcross generation including both Ahb/Ahd heterozygotes and Ahd homozygotes, the occurrence of skin tumors was correlated directly with AHH inducibility and inversely with the leukemic response. Mice of Ahb strains with a high level of endogenous murine leukemia (MuLV) expression (C58, PL) show a much weaker skin tumor response than expected but no increase in leukemia incidence, and this observation tends to confirm the previous finding that MuLV infection of mice of low-MuLV strains results in reduced susceptibility to MCA tumorigenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Failures after irradiation in early vocal cord cancer.

Radiation therapy for early laryngeal cancer offers an excellent probability of cure as well as preservation of vocal function. Reported failure rates range from 9 to 21% in patients with T1 lesions, and from 28 to 44% in those with T2 lesions, the majority of whom are subsequently salvaged by surgery. Results obtained at the Radiotherapy Center of the University of Wisconsin Hospitals in 44 patients during the period from 1960 to 1972 yielded failure rates of 21% in patients with T1 tumors and 38% in patients with T2 tumors at 5 years. Five of the eight recurrences were salvaged with surgery yielding an overall tumor control rate of 93%. The larynx was preserved in 82% of the cases. Determinate 5-year survival was 91% in T1 cases and 86% in T2 cases. Failure rates at 3 years were 18% for T1 tumors and 30% for T2 lesions. These results are in conflict with those reported by Brandenburg and Rutter as being 46% and 60% respectively. Ultimate success in the treatment of laryngeal cancer rests in the full cooperation between surgeons and radiotherapists.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1977

Carcinoma of the pinna.

Ninety-seven consecutive cases of carcinoma of the pinna are reviewed in this report. Fifty-six of the tumors were basal cell and thirty-nine squamous cell carcinoma. Fifty patients were surgically treated and forty-five irradiated. Small and/or peripheral lesions were excised and the large and/or centrally located lesions referred for irradiation. Analysis of the results shows no difference in tumor control rate, and the complication rate was also comparable with both modalities. Although chondritis was seen in three cases after irradiation, it also occurred in one case after excision. Our results indicate that neither modality should be used with total exclusion of the other. Initial resection would seem preferable in small lesions where primary closure is possible and in extensive lesions where a good cosmetic result is precluded by the destruction of normal tissue. Radiotherapy seems of value in those lesions in which resection would result in objectionable cosmetic defect.

Aged↗