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A Borkowski

Publications and source records attributed to A Borkowski.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1972

Metabolism of adrenal cholesterol in man. I. In vivo studies.

The kinetics of plasma and adrenal cholesteral equilibration were analyzed in patients undergoing bilateral adrenalectomy for generalized mammary carcinoma. A biological model is proposed to help in the understanding of adrenal cholesterol physiology. It comprises two intracellular compartments: (1) A compartment of free adrenal cholesterol which is small (of the order of 17 mg) but turns over very fast; it is renewed approximately 8 times per day: 3 times by the inflow of free plasma cholesterol, and 5 times by the hydrolysis of esterified adrenal cholesterol, the contribution of adrenal cholesterol synthesis appearing to be relatively small. (2) A compartment of esterified adrenal cholesterol which is 20 times larger; it is constantly renewed by in situ esterification and hydrolysis with a daily fractional turnover rate of the order of 0.25. The direct and selective accumulation of plasma cholesteryl esters is practically absent. Only free adrenal cholesterol returns to plasma, mostly after conversion into steroid "hormones."However small the synthesis of adrenal cholesterol may be, it seems more important in the zona "reticularis." On the other hand, the inflow of plasma cholesterol and the turnover of the free adrenal compartment tend to be faster in the zona "fasciculata." The equilibration of plasma and adrenal cholesterol can proceed unmodified under conditions of ACTH suppression. In one patient with Cushing's disease the size of the two adrenal compartments was clearly increased but their equilibration with plasma cholesterol proceeded normally. In another patient the kinetics of hydrocortisone corresponded to those of free adrenal cholesterol in the control studies.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1972

Metabolism of adrenal cholesterol in man. II. In vitro studies including a comparison of adrenal cholesterol synthesis with the synthesis of the clucocorticosteroid hormones.

The synthesis of adrenal cholesterol, its esterification and the synthesis of the glucocorticosteroid hormones were studied in vitro on human adrenal tissue. It was found that the synthesis of adrenal cholesterol may normally be small in the zona "fasciculata," particularly when compared with the synthesis of the glucocorticosteroid hormones, that it is several times higher in the zona "reticularis" where esterified cholesterol is less abundant, and that under ACTH stimulation it increases strikingly and proportionally to the degree of esterified adrenal cholesterol depletion. ON THE OTHER HAND, THE RELATIVE RATE OF ESTERIFICATION AS WELL AS THE CONCENTRATION OF FREE ADRENAL CHOLESTEROL ARE REMARKABLY STABLE: they do not differ according to the adrenal zonation and are unaffected by ACTH. Furthermore, from a qualitative point of view, the relative proportions of Delta(1) and Delta(2) cholesteryl esters formed in situ are similar to those anticipated from their relative concentrations, suggesting that the characteristic fatty acid distribution of the adrenal cholesteryl esters results from an in situ esterification rather than from a selective uptake of the plasma cholesteryl esters. Besides, the in vitro esterification reveals a propensity to the formation of the most unsaturated cholesteryl esters. Regarding hydrocortisone and corticosterone, their synthesis tends to be more elevated in the zona "fasciculata." Despite its higher cholesterol concentration the zona "fasciculata" should not therefore be viewed as a quiescent functional complement to the zona "reticularis" and the cortical distribution of glucocorticosteroid hormone synthesis is quite distinct from that of adrenal cholesterol synthesis.

Acetates↗
PubMed1972

[Nephrostomy].

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Anuria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Preparation of drugs used in hyperacidity. Part III. Stability of alumina gels.

The effect of temperature on the stability of alumina gels heated in the solid state and in the suspension was investigated. The suspensions were made in water, 1,4-dioxane and their mixture. It was found that the ageing of gels occurs during heating them in the solid state, in water and water-dioxane mixture as a first order reaction. The neutralizing properties of gel heated in 100% dioxane were not changed. The phase analysis of the investigated preparations was based on X-ray measurements. The contribution of water in the mechanism of gel changes is discussed.

Aluminum Hydroxide↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Combined extracts of Urtica dioica and Pygeum africanum in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: double-blind comparison of two doses.

The 134 patients (aged 53 to 84 years) with symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia were drawn from two medical centers in Warsaw. The patients were randomly assigned to receive two capsules of the standard dose of an urtica/pygeum preparation (300 mg of Urtica dioica root extract combined with 25 mg of Pygeum africanum bark extract) or two capsules containing half the standard dose twice daily for 8 weeks. After 28 days' treatment, urine flow, residual urine, and nycturia were significantly reduced in both treatment groups. After 56 days' treatment, further significant decreases were found in residual urine (half-dose group) and in nycturia (both groups). There were no between-group differences in these measures of efficacy. Five patients reported adverse effects of treatment; treatment was not discontinued in any patient because of side effects. It is concluded that half doses of the urtica/pygeum extract are as safe and effective as the recommended full doses.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Resection of the liver in a metastatic disease caused by renal carcinoma.

Two patients are presented who had their livers resected because of the metastasis of the kidney tumour. It is a contribution in the discussion on the possibility of treatment of a well-advanced cancer disease. The treatment chosen was possible because of the close co-operation between two different teams of surgeons.

Adult↗