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Biomedical subjects

A Boman

Publications and source records attributed to A Boman.

83 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Comparative percutaneous toxicity of ten industrial solvents in the guinea pig.

This report is part of a study on skin pathology, blood levels and percutaneous toxicity after the epicutaneous administration of solvents. The method used for the study of percutaneous toxicity differentiated between different types of solvents, and between different applied volumes of the same solvent. Five solvents caused some mortalities (in declining order: 2-chloroethanol, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, ethyleneglycolmonobutylether, carbontetrachloride, and dimethylformamide). Four solvents--benzene, toluene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and trichloroethylene--did not cause mortality, but a statisically significant effect on weight gain was observed. For n-hexane the weight gain did not differ (P greater than 0.2) from that of the control animals exposed to distilled water. For comparison, the same amounts of the solvents were injected intraperitoneally. There was a fairly good agreement between intraperitoneal and percutaneous toxicity, but slight deviations were observed for carbontetrachloride and dimethylformamide.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Sensitization and testing of guinea pigs with cobalt chloride.

The guinea pig maximization test was used to study the sensitizing potential of cobalt chloride; 1 % CoCl2 was used for injection and 5 % for topical application. The animals were challenged twice; in series I epicutaneous testing was performed 3 weeks after sensitization and intradermal testing after yet another week. In series II the reverse schedule was used, i. e. intradermal testing after 3 weeks and epicutaneous after 4 weeks. CoCl2 was found to be a grade V allergen. The differences between cobalt-exposed and control animals (which had been treated with Freund's adjuvant, petroatum, occlusion, etc.) were statistically significant (P less than 0.001). however, the administration of cobalt at the first challenge testing caused this difference to diminish.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

2-chloroethanol--percutaneous toxicity of a solvent.

This report is a part of a comparative study where skin pathology, blood concentrations and percutaneous toxicity after epicutaneous administration of solvents are investigated. The method used for the study of percutaneous toxicity proved capable of differentiating between different applied amounts of 2-chloroethanol. This solvent was found to be highly toxic, even 0.10 ml killed all 20 exposed animals within 24 h. A 35% aqueous solution killed about half of the animals, while a 10% solution killed only 1 out of 20. A comparative study with intraperitoneal administration of the same amounts as epicutaneously, showed that the mortality and mean time until death diminished with rising amounts (with only one exception).

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Percutaneous absorption of organic solvents.

Organic solvents pass the cutaneous barriers and may quickly be absorbed in substantial amounts, such that several solvents have "skin" denotations in lists of occupational exposure limit values. Solvents may be absorbed from liquids, upon direct skin contact, and in some cases also from contact with vapors. Environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, vehicle, and ventilation influence absorption. Absorption rates vary considerably; several amphiphilic solvents are absorbed at high rates. Since solvents are volatile, unoccluded repeated exposures result in less absorption than does continuous contact, and adequate ventilation may reduce absorption considerably. Risk assessments of skin absorption of organic solvents have benefited from calculation of quantitative structure-activity relationships based on log P(o/w), which enables skin absorption to be calculated with reasonable accuracy.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Contact sensitivity to arsenical compounds. Clinical and experimental studies.

Two arsenic compounds (sodium arsenate and sodium arsenite) were included in our standard patch test series and 2 of 379 tested dermatitis patients reacted. They had not experienced any exposure to arsenicals and showed concomitant reactions to nickel and cobalt. In the guinea pig maximization test (GPMT) the compounds were found to be Grade-I-allergens. There are some convincing case reports in the literature on contact sensitivity to arsenicals and the discrepancy between these reports and the results from the GPMT should be further evaluated by clinical studies on workers with arsenical dermatitis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Contact allergy to acid and neutral fractions of rosins. Sensitization experiments in guinea pigs and patch testing in patients.

The allergenicity of two different types of rosins (gum rosin and tall oil rosin) was compared. The rosins were divided into their neutral and acid fractions. The neutral fraction of tall oil rosin failed to induce contact sensitivity in animals tested according to the Guinea pig maximization test method (GPMT). The neutral fraction of gum rosin as well as the two acid fractions gave significant responses. Relatively fewer dermatitis patients reacted to the neutral fraction compared with reactions to the unfractionated gum rosin when patch tested. Fewer reactions to tall oil rosin than to gum rosin (p less than 0.05) were observed. It is concluded that tall oil rosin is less allergenic than gum rosin, which may be due to the absence of allergens in its neutral fraction.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Home traction of femoral shaft fractures in younger children.

The study describes a home traction program of femoral shaft fractures in preschool children using the 90-90 traction technique. A special bed stretcher was designed for the program and adapted for use in ordinary ambulances and in all types of homes. Twenty-four patients, 2.2-5.9 years of age, were followed. The average hospital stay was 7.0 days, and the average home traction period was 22.1 days. One patient had a superficial pin tract infection. The treatment was uneventful in all other cases. All fractures healed with a shortening of < or = 1 cm. The angulation was < or = 10 degrees in all cases but one, which healed with a valgus angulation of 15 degrees but without functional disability. Interviews showed that the parents were very satisfied with the treatment program. The cost savings are obvious compared to traction treatment in the hospital.

Beds↗