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Biomedical subjects

A Bisetti

Publications and source records attributed to A Bisetti.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Spiral CT and endoscopic findings in a case of tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica.

The following is a report of CT and bronchoscopic findings in a 58-year-old man, a miner for approximately 30 years and suffering from pulmonary silicosis, admitted for a restaging of his lung disease. CT scans showed thickening of the interstitial structures and revealed a distorted trachea, with changes of its caliber, because of nodules of calcific density in the internal mucosa, clearly separated from the cartilaginous rings. The patient underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy, confirming the presence of numerous nodules on the anterior and lateral walls, sparing the pars membranacea. Brushing and biopsies revealed a squamous metaplasia. 99mTc bone scintigraphy showed no abnormal mediastinal uptake. The radiological and endoscopic picture was compatible with the diagnosis of tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica.

Bronchial Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and associated patterns of memory decline.

The relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cognitive functioning was analyzed in a study with 50 aging patients. A complex pattern of interactions was identified between emotional and cognitive functioning and chronic respiratory disease when the effects of age, sex, type and severity of disease were controlled. These patients did not show any global and diffuse cognitive impairment. Only a portion of COPD patients (about 30%) evidenced memory impairment which was confined to immediate memory. Memory impairment found in these patients did not appear to be associated with those changes present in the aging process but was mainly related to those specific clinical and instrumental parameters which are considered valid indicators of respiratory efficiency. Two types of cognitive and emotional problems were identified. A progressive stage-dependent set of characteristics was associated with the course of the disease and a fluctuating, probably reversible state-dependent set of characteristics was associated with the temporary condition of the patients during the period of examination. Patients who had received more recent medical treatment or who were under protection of vaccination for influenza showed a better cognitive and emotional efficiency.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Expression of dopamine receptors in immune organs and circulating immune cells.

The existence of dopamine (DA) D1- and D2-like receptors in the rat and pigeon thymus and in human peripheral blood lymphocytes was investigated. The selective D1-like antagonist [3H]-SCH 23390 was used as a ligand of DA D1-like receptors (D1 and D5 sites). Pharmacological analysis suggests that binding of [3H]-SCH 23390 to sections of thymus and to human peripheral blood lymphocytes belongs mainly to the dopamine D5 receptor subtype. Light microscope autoradiography, performed in sections of rat and pigeon thymus, revealed that these receptors are located primarily in the cortical layer. DA D2-like receptors (D2, D3 and D4 sites) were studied in sections of rat thymus and in peripheral blood lymphocytes by using the putative DA D3 receptor agonist [3H]-7-OH-DPAT as a ligand. Both rat and pigeon thymus and human peripheral blood lymphocytes express a putative DA D3 receptor. These data are in agreement with recent molecular biology studies performed in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The demonstration of different subtypes of DA receptors in a primary immune organ such as the thymus and in circulating immune cells supports the hypothesis of an involvement of DA in the control of immune function.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Treatment of mycobacteriosis].

At present the increased incidence of infections with mycobacteria other than tuberculosis and leprae bacilli seems to be correlated with several causes: improved diagnostic techniques, prolonged life expectancy, immunodepression. Rational chemotherapy depends upon the identification of the etiologic mycobacterium and the determination of its drug susceptibility. Besides the "classic" treatment with 3 or 4 antituberculous and, sometimes, nonantituberculous chemotherapics, clinical trials are in progress to assess the effectiveness of new molecules: rifamycin derivatives, fluorinated quinolones, anti-lepromatous drugs, and the latest macrolides. Yet at present, national and international data do not permit to define a standard treatment for every mycobacteriosis; in fact, the drug resistance is high and varies not only between different strains but also within the same strain; moreover, there are discrepancies between in vitro and in vivo results. When possible, appropriated surgery for circumscribed disease is recommended.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Sarcoidosis, today].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The immunological events leading to the "in vitro" response to PPD.

In normal individuals the 5/9 monoclonal antibody (5/9 MAb) recognizes a T-cell fraction that includes all T lymphocytes with inducer activities. Here, circulating 5/9+ and 5/9- T lymphocytes were isolated from tuberculim skin-positive subjects and the proliferative response induced by PPD was investigated. The results show that the total PPD-induced lymphocyte DNA synthesis is confined to the 5/9+ T cell fraction. PPD was unable to induce a direct or indirect (through the 5/9+ cells) proliferation of T8+ cells. Whether 5/9 antigen, expressed on the PPD responsive T-cell subset, is involved in PPD-induced cell proliferation, was also analyzed. No significant effect was observed adding 5/9 MAb, whereas complete inhibition of antigen-induced blastogenesis was observed upon addition of a MAb (D1.12) directed to common determinants of Ia antigens. The supernatant fluids of 5/9+ and 5/9- cells stimulated with PPD were studied for the presence of IL-2 and IFN-gamma. Production of both these lymphokines was detected in the 5/9+ T-cell supernatants, whereas neither IL-2 or IFN-gamma were found in supernatants of 5/9- cells. In addition, preliminary experiments suggested that only the supernatants of PPD-stimulated 5/9+ T cells were able to activate a macrophage cell line, inducing a remarkable release of hydrogen peroxide. These results indicate that the lymphocyte responsiveness to PPD is confined in a small T cell fraction, expressing the 5/9 antigen; only these T cells are able to release soluble factors (i.e., IL-2 and IFN-gamma); those or other soluble factor(s) produced in PPD-stimulated cultures seem able to activate the macrophages.

Adult↗