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Biomedical subjects

A Bianchi

Publications and source records attributed to A Bianchi.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Cephalosporins. VII. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of new cephalosporins bearing a 2-imino-3-hydroxythiazoline (2-aminothiazole N-oxide) in the C-7 acylamino side chain.

Introduction of a hydroxyl group into the thiazole ring nitrogen of cephalosporins belonging to the cefotiam and cefotaxime families gave rise to products, better described by the tautomeric N-oxide form, which proved particularly active against Gram-negative bacteria. Cephems bearing a (Z)-alkoxyimino functionality are of special interest for broadness of spectrum; among them, 7 beta-[(Z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl-N-oxide)-2 -methoxyiminoacetamido]-3-(tetrazolo-[1,5-b] pyridazin-6-yl)thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (5c-7, FCE 20635), in other ways similar to cefotaxime, showed useful levels of activity against cephalosporinase-producing strains resistant to the reference drug. Preliminary in vivo studies demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of the new compound in the treatment of experimental systemic, subcutaneous and urinary tract infections in mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Microvascular orchiopexy for high undescended testes.

Ten of 12 intra-abdominal testes transferred to the scrotum in 10 patients were successfully revascularised by microvascular techniques. It is proposed that orchiopexy should be performed early, thus reducing the risk of malignant transformation, and preferably by 2 years of age before the onset of testicular damage. A careful long-term follow-up through puberty and into adulthood is required to determine the place of microvascular orchiopexy in the management of high undescended testes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Intestinal lengthening: an experimental and clinical review.

Small intestinal lengthening by the Bianchi procedure has now had successful clinical application in children and neonates with the short-bowel syndrome. This paper reviews the background experimental work and clinical cases so far treated. A personal case of intestinal lengthening in a 7-week-old baby with 35 cm jejunum is described in detail. Intestinal lengthening appears to reduce dependence on parenteral nutrition, thus allowing earlier establishment of total enteral alimentation. The procedure may therefore have a useful place in the overall management of the short-bowel syndrome.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Influence of sex steroids and prolactin on haloperidol-induced catalepsy.

The effects of sex steroids and prolactin on haloperidol-induced catalepsy were investigated in male rats. Repeated administration with estradiol benzoate (5 micrograms/rat, twice daily for 10 days) significantly potentiated catalepsy induced by 0.25 or 0.5 mg/kg haloperidol, but no effect was observed 10 min or 1 h after a single injection of estradiol benzoate (5 or 50 micrograms/rat). Conversely, a single administration with the catecholestrogen 2-hydroxyestradiol (50 micrograms/rat) significantly increased haloperidol-induced catalepsy, suggesting that catecholestrogens may directly interfere with nigrostriatal dopaminergic transmission. Haloperidol-induced catalepsy has been found to be attenuated in conditions of hyperprolactinaemia resulting from anterior pituitary isograft underneath the kidney capsule. This is consistent with the hypothesis that prolactin may stimulate nigro-striatal dopaminergic function. Results obtained also indicate that medroxy-acetate progesterone, a progesterone derivative, may influence haloperidol-induced catalepsy. Specifically, a single administration with medroxy-acetate progesterone (5 mg/kg, i.p.) enhanced catalepsy but opposite effects were observed after repeated administration of medroxy-acetate progesterone (5 mg/kg, i.p., once a day for 7 days).

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Dietary carotenoids block photocarcinogenic enhancement by benzo (a)pyrene and inhibit its carcinogenesis in the dark.

The carotenoids beta-carotene (C) and canthaxanthine (CX), with and without pro-vitamin A activity, respectively, when perorally administered to mice, markedly prevent benzo(a)pyrene photocarcinogenic enhancement (BP-PCE), continue to block such BP-PCE and protect significantly against BP carcinogenesis in mice maintained in the dark. These results appear relevant to both the pathogenesis of chemical carcinogenesis and rational programs of skin cancer prevention in humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Blood prolactin levels: influence of age, menstrual cycle and oral contraceptives.

The relationships between the serum levels of estradiol, progesterone and prolactin have been analysed in normal women in relation to age, to menstrual cycle, and in oral contraceptives users. We have been able to detect significant differences between the prolactinemia values during the cycle in different age groups as well as following oral contraceptives. A word of caution is presented for the evaluation of the prolactin blood level which should always be related to the physiological phase of the cycle and to the age of the subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

The reverse latissimus dorsi flap for congenital diaphragmatic hernia repair.

The reverse latissimus dorsi muscle flap was successfully used for the repair of recurrent congenital diaphragmatic hernia in three neonates. This muscle flap can be rapidly raised on a reliable blood supply, and provides sufficient vascularized tissue to replace the whole hemidiaphragm without tension. It should be considered at the first reparative operation when insufficient tissue is available for safe repair by direct suture.

Hernia, Diaphragmatic↗
PubMed1983

Superoxide dismutase activities in Yoshida ascites tumor cells.

Cu-Zn and Mn superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in Yoshida ascites tumor cells and in the liver of ascitic rats were assayed. The cytosolic and soluble mitochondrial fractions were used for assay of Cu-Zn SOD and Mn SOD respectively. The specific activities of Cu-Zn SOD as well as Mn SOD were found diminished in Yoshida ascites tumor cells and in the liver of ascitic rats when compared to normal rat liver.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Cardiovascular responses of conscious DOCA-salt hypertensive rats to acute intracerebroventricular and intravenous administration of captopril.

The effect on blood pressure and heart rate, following administration of the same intracerebroventricular (ivt) and intravenous (iv) doses of captopril, was compared in freely moving DOCA-salt hypertensive rats, with chronically implanted ivt, iv and intraarterial cannulae. Ivt captopril (500 micrograms) in DOCA-salt rats showed an initial pressor response followed by a long lasting hypotensive effect. The ivt effect was greater than that following iv administration. No effect was observed in normotensive controls either ivt or iv. ASA or naloxone pretreatments significantly lowered the captopril hypotensive effect, thus suggesting an involvement of prostaglandin and opioid systems in blood pressure elevation in "non renin dependent" hypertension.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Waardenburg's syndrome associated with total aganglionosis.

A Pakistani child of consanguineous parents had signs of Waardenburg's syndrome and total intestinal aganglionosis. This association seems to be a distinct clinical entity with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1983

Cephalosporins. VI. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of new 7 beta-[(Z)-2-alkoxyimino-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetamido]cephalosporins with a tetraxolopyridazine at the 3-position.

The synthesis and in vitro activity of 7 beta-[(Z)-2-alkoxyimino- 2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl) acetamido]cephalosporins with a tetrazolo[1,5-b]pyridazine at the 3-position are described. These cephalosporins showed excellent activity against Gram-negative bacteria, including beta-lactamase producing strains. The most interesting compound of the series was 7 beta-[(Z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyimino acetamido] -3-(8-carboxytetrazolo[1,5-b]pyridazin-6-yl)- thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (9, FCE 20485) because of its extraordinarily long half-life and marked in vivo activity.

Cephalosporins↗
PubMed1982

Teratogenicity induced in cultured rat embryos by the serum of procarbazine treated rats.

Male rats were injected with single intraperitoneal doses of 50-200 mg/kg of procarbazine hydrochloride (P). Their undiluted serum was then used as the culture medium for 9.5-day-old embryos to evaluate its teratogenic and toxic potential in vitro. A 48-h exposure to this medium resulted in a variety of dysmorphogenic effects. Somite, limb bud and otic vesicle deformities were seen at all dose levels, and neural tube and optic vesicle abnormalities were frequently observed in the 150 and 200 mg/kg groups. Embryonic growth and differentiation were only moderately affected at any dose levels. In a second set of experiments, embryos were directly exposed to 100-150 micrograms/ml P combined with a liver enzymatic activating system. No abnormalities were detected but toxicity occurred within narrow concentration ranges; 125 micrograms/ml affected growth and differentiation slightly, and 150 micrograms/ml suppressed the embryonic development severely. Exposure to 125 micrograms/ml P without the liver enzymatic activating system had no effect on embryonic growth and differentiation, suggesting that the metabolites responsible for the toxic effect were generated by the liver enzymatic preparation. Our results indicate that stable metabolites of P, responsible for its teratogenic action, are formed only within body compartments, whereas the formation of these metabolites does not take place in vitro in the presence of hepatic enzyme preparations.

Animals↗