Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to A Bertrand.
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Roxithromycin (RU 28965) is a new semi-synthetic derivative of erythromycin. Its antibacterial activity is of the same order as that of other macrolides, although its MIC's against Legionella pneumophila are lower. In double-blind comparative studies there was no significant difference in therapeutic effectiveness between roxithromycin and the reference antibiotics tested. However, this new macrolide exhibits exceptional pharmacological properties (prolonged half-life, excellent tissue penetration and intracellular activity), and it is very well tolerated both clinically and biochemically.
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Three techniques for studying nasal mucociliary clearance have been compared in 20 normal subjects, aged 19 to 26. Three different tracers used were deposited on the septum or the nasal floor. The transport rate of a 250 micron anion resin particle tagged with 99mTc was measured over a distance of 3.5 cm. This method was used as reference. The transport time of saccharin was measured when the subjects tasted its sweetness on swallowing. The transport time of 600 micron aluminium discs was measured by observing their arrival at the pharynx. For each method, duplicate measurements were carried out over a 24 hour period. Despite the large variations in the results from one day to the next, a significant negative correlation (r = -0.59, p less than 0.001) was observed between the transport rate of the radioactive particles and the transport time of the saccharin. The daily variations in nasal clearance for these two methods were also significantly correlated (r = -0.53, p less than 0.02). These results validate the suitability of the saccharin method as a simple screening test for detecting abnormally low values of nasal mucociliary clearance. In our group of 20 subjects, 5 were characterized by a low nasal mucociliary clearance, whichever method was used.
An interlaboratory study of a gas chromatographic (GC) method for the determination of volatile congeners in spirit drinks was conducted; 31 laboratories from 8 countries took part in the study. The method uses GC with flame ionization detection and incorporates several quality control measures which permit the choice of chromatographic system and conditions to be selected by the user. Spirit drink samples were prepared and sent to participants as 10 blind duplicate or split-level test materials for the determination of 1,1-diethoxyethane (acetal), 2-methylbutan-1-ol (active amyl alcohol), 3-methylbutan-1-ol (isoamyl alcohol), methanol (methyl alcohol), ethyl ethanoate (ethyl acetate), butan-1-ol (n-butanol), butan-2-ol (sec-butanol), 2-methylpropan-1-ol (isobutyl alcohol), propan-1-ol (n-propanol), and ethanal (acetaldehyde). The precision of the method for 9 of the 10 analytes was well within the range predicted by the Horwitz equation. The precision of the most volatile analyte, ethanal, was just above statistically predicted levels. This method is recommended for official regulatory purposes.
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The bone fixation of diphosphonates depends on the degree of osteogenesis, the blood bone flow and the capillary permeability. The precise characteristics of the fixation kinetic are not very well known. The authors propose a new method which makes possible to study them and expose their results. For average persons the fixation curves present an ascending line, an apex, reach within 40 mn and a descending line. Any affection don't seem to have characteristic curves; on the contrary it is possible to have different curves for a same affection which implies doubtless various anatomic and metabolic data.