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Biomedical subjects

A Bergman

Publications and source records attributed to A Bergman.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Suprapubic versus transurethral bladder drainage after surgery for stress urinary incontinence.

Fifty-one patients with clinical and urodynamic diagnoses of stress urinary incontinence were randomly allocated to either suprapubic (N = 24) or transurethral (N = 27) bladder drainage after vaginal surgery for stress incontinence (revised Pereyra procedure). Postoperative use of suprapubic bladder drainage significantly reduced febrile morbidity (calculated as fever index; P less than .01) and length of hospitalization (P less than .05). Postoperative normal bladder functions resumed more quickly when suprapubic drainage was used (P less than .05), so that most patients did not need bladder catheterization upon discharge, as opposed to more than half of those with Foley catheters, who left the hospital with a catheter in place (P less than .05). We conclude that it is both beneficial and cost-effective to use suprapubic bladder drainage after a Pereyra operation for stress urinary incontinence.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Use of preoperative uroflowmetry and simultaneous urethrocystometry for predicting risk of prolonged postoperative bladder drainage.

To select patients at increased risk of needing prolonged postoperative bladder drainage after incontinence surgery, the data obtained from preoperative uroflowmetry and voiding urethrocystometry were analyzed in a group of 43 patients for presence and/or absence of reduced flow rates and detrusor contraction during voiding. All patients with adequate detrusor contraction and flow rates were able to resume spontaneous voiding by the seventh postoperative day. One third of patients voiding without detrusor contraction needed prolonged bladder drainage (p less than 0.05). Presence of normal flow rates reduced their risk to 20 per cent while reduced flow rates enhanced their risk to 100 per cent (p less than 0.05). Changes observed in urethral pressure, abdominal pressures, and flow rates individually were not significant predictors of the need for prolonged bladder drainage.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Urodynamic appraisal of vaginal versus rectal pressure recordings as indication of intra-abdominal pressure changes.

To compare intravaginal versus intrarectal pressure recordings as an indication of intra-abdominal pressure changes, simultaneous recording of the vaginal, bladder, and rectal pressures were obtained in 20 women. The transmitted pressure changes recorded from the inner and middle thirds of the vagina strongly correlated with the transmitted pressure changes recorded from the bladder (r = 0.99) when compared with the observed correlation between bladder and rectal pressure recordings (r = 0.91). The vaginal pressure recording is an easier and accurate alternative to intrarectal pressure recordings for approximating abdominal pressure changes during urodynamic testing.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Decreased pulmonary drug metabolism in mice treated with the PCB metabolite 4-methylsulphonyl-2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl.

4-Methylsulphonyl-2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (4-MeSO2-TCB) is a major polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) metabolite present in lung tissue of PCB-exposed human subjects. After treatment of mice with 4-MeSO2-TCB (100 mg/kg), the pulmonary N-demethylation of aminopyrine in vitro was significantly decreased, while hepatic N-demethylation was concomitantly increased, as compared to tissue from control mice. Treatment of mice with 4-MeSO2-TCB also decreased the in vivo pulmonary covalent binding of o,p'-DDD, while the in vivo hepatic covalent binding was increased. The results indicate that 4-MeSO2-TCB inhibits or represses a cytochrome P-450-dependent enzyme activity in the mouse lung, while in contrast this activity is induced in the mouse liver.

Aminopyrine↗
PubMed1986

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome manifested by chronic primary genital herpes.

Herpes genitalis is commonly seen by the obstetrician-gynecologist. Prolonged persistence of herpes is unusual and may herald an underlying disorder. A case of chronic primary herpes is presented, in which the diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was delayed because of a low degree of suspicion.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Cystometry: unstable bladder and urinary tract infection.

In order to study the effect of urinary infections upon the incidence of bladder instability during cystometric evaluation, 15 women underwent cystometry during the course of significant bacteriuria (10(5) organisms/ml) and again 2 weeks after treatment. The pre-treatment incidence of bladder instability (53%) dropped by 50% following treatment of the infection but other cystometric measurements remained unchanged. Urinary tract infections must be treated adequately before treating bladder instability.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Chlorinated paraffins: formation of sulphur-containing metabolites of polychlorohexadecane in rats.

A uniformly 14C-labelled polychlorinated hexadecane (14C-PCHD; 65% chlorine by wt) was injected into the portal vein in bile duct-cannulated rats (5-6 mg/kg) and the bile was collected for two or three days. Less than 3% of the total amount of radioactivity excreted in the bile was due to unchanged 14C-PCHD. The radioactivity was separated by ion-exchange chromatography into two major fractions: one acidic, the other amphoteric. Comparison with a similar fractionation of propachlor metabolites indicates that the fractions contain 14C-PCHD conjugates of N-acetylcysteine (mercapturic acid) and glutathione, respectively. The tentative 14C-PCHD-mercapturic acid on t.l.c. had an RF value similar to that of a synthetic PCHD-mercapturic acid, and chlorine and divalent sulphur were shown to be present.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMed1986

3,3',4,4'-tetrachloro[14C]biphenyl in pregnant mice: enrichment of phenol and methyl sulphone metabolites in late gestational fetuses.

The distribution of radioactivity after injection of 3,3',4,4'-tetrachloro[14C]biphenyl (14C-TCB) in pregnant mice was determined by autoradiography and computer-assisted densitometric analysis. TCB metabolites in fetal tissue were analysed by g.l.c. and g.l.c.-mass spectrometry and compared to the synthesized reference compounds 2-, 5- and 6-methoxy-3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl. The concentration of radioactivity was high in the uterine fluid, and in the fetuses in late gestation. Fetal radioactivity decreased after pretreatment with a high dose of unlabelled TCB. Radioactivity was reversibly bound to fetal tissues. A phenolic metabolite, 3,3',4,4'-tetrachloro-2-biphenylol, and a methylsulphonyl-tetrachlorobiphenyl were found in fetuses in late gestation. No unmetabolized TCB was detected in the fetuses.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Urodynamic changes in urethrovesical function after radical hysterectomy.

Twelve patients undergoing radical hysterectomy were comprehensively evaluated urodynamically pre- and postoperatively using sensitive instrumentation, including microtip transducers. Five patients developed genuine stress incontinence, four developed loss of bladder compliance, three developed motor deficits consisting of either inability to relax the urethra or inability to initiate or maintain a vesical contraction, two developed impaired urinary flow, three had persistent excessive residual urine volumes, and two developed bladder sensory loss. These changes persisted beyond the one-year follow-up period. The degree of urethrovesical dysfunction bore no significant relationship to the radicality of the hysterectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Uroflowmetry for predicting postoperative voiding difficulties in women with stress urinary incontinence.

Pre-operative knowledge of uroflowmetry and postvoiding residual urine volumes in a group of 45 women undergoing urinary incontinence surgery failed to predict risks of postoperative voiding difficulties. Only one out of nine patients needing prolonged post-operative bladder drainage (greater than or equal to 7 days) gave a pre-operative history of voiding difficulties. More than half the patients (5/9) who needed prolonged catheterization had normal flow rates were able to resume spontaneous voiding within 7 days following incontinence surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Target cells for the polychlorinated biphenyl metabolite 4,4'-bis(methylsulfonyl)-2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl. Characterization of high affinity binding in rat and mouse lung cytosol.

When a tritium-labeled metabolite of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), 4,4'-bis[( 3H]methylsulfonyl)-2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl [(3H-MeSO2)2TCB] is administered intraperitoneally to rats, a selective labeling is registered in the apical cytoplasm of the nonciliated bronchiolar (Clara) cells of the lung as determined by microautoradiography of sections of methacrylate-embedded tissue. In vitro, (3H-MeSO2)2TCB binds with high affinity (Kd = 2.5-15 nM) and high capacity (Bmax = 30-70 pmol/mg of protein) to rat lung cytosol. Binding of (3H-MeSO2)2TCB to the high affinity sites is temperature dependent, reversible, and saturable. The sites seem to reside within a protein-like component, since proteolytic enzymes significantly reduce the binding. Physiochemical characterization of the (3H-MeSO2)2TCB-binding protein indicates a Stokes radius of 22 A and a sedimentation coefficient of 1.7 S and, on the basis of these parameters, an apparent molecular weight of 16,000 may be calculated. The binding entity has an apparent pI of 5.3 and elutes as a single radioactive peak from CM-Sepharose at 75 mM acetate. Binding with similar affinities (IC50 values, 4-65 nM) is shown to occur also with other PCB methyl sulfones, whereas only one PCB, 2,2',4,4'5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl, competes for (3H-MeSO2)2TCB binding, but with a lower affinity (IC50 = 3 microM). Among other compounds tested, only progesterone and some derivatives thereof display an affinity for the (3H-MeSO2)2TCB-binding protein (IC50 values ranging from 1 to 10 microM). Lung cytosol shows by far the highest amount of specific (3H-MeSO2)2TCB binding. However, low but detectable amounts are also found in cytosolic preparations from prostate, kidney, and large intestine. Finally, (3H-MeSO2)2TCB also binds to an entity in mouse lung cytosol with the same physicochemical characteristics as that in rat lung cytosol and to a progesterone-binding protein purified from rabbit uterus (uteroglobin). It is concluded that rat lung contains a uteroglobin-like macromolecule with a pronounced affinity for at least certain PCB methyl sulfones, and it is suggested that this binding entity is responsible for the striking accumulation of such metabolites in lung tissue following administration of PCB to rats and mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Pessary test in women with urinary incontinence.

Thirty women with urinary incontinence underwent detailed preoperative and postoperative clinical and urodynamic evaluation before and after the pessary test. The urodynamic changes observed with the pessary test (P less than .01) were very similar to those seen after corrective incontinence surgery. The pessary test differentiated patients with bladder instability from those complaining of stress urinary incontinence with a correctable anatomic defect. Pre- and postpessary test voiding urethrocystometry and uroflometry demonstrated absence of urethral obstruction to the free flow of urine. The pessary test is a simple, inexpensive, reliable diagnostic and prognostic tool. It simulates the results of anticipated incontinence surgery and restores continence without causing compression of the urethra as does the Bonney test.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Modified Burch versus Pereyra retropubic urethropexy for stress urinary incontinence.

Sixty-four women underwent either the modified Burch retropubic urethropexy or the modified Pereyra procedure for surgical correction of stress urinary incontinence. All were evaluated clinically and urodynamically before and one year after surgery. The Burch procedure proved to be superior to the Pereyra procedure in terms of improving pressure transmission to the proximal two-thirds of the urethra (P less than .001), correcting the anatomic defect (P less than .001), avoiding postoperative voiding difficulties (20 versus 30%), and presenting an objective cure rate of 98 versus 85%. The age, parity, and degree of mobility of the urethra and urethrovesical junction did not influence the ability of the Burch and Pereyra procedures to produce efficient postoperative pressure transmission capacity ratio. Both types of surgical procedures were closely comparable in terms of curing stress urinary incontinence, operative time and blood loss, and total hospital stay.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Urodynamics: effect of urinary tract infection on urethral and bladder function.

To determine the accuracy and reliability of urodynamic studies performed during the course of unsuspected but significant lower urinary tract infection (greater than or equal to 10(5) organisms per mL), all the studies were repeated two and four weeks after successful treatment of urinary tract infection. Among 45% of patients (nine of 20) found to have unstable bladder before treatment of urinary infection, 60% of them (six of nine) regained bladder stability after appropriate treatment. Similarly, 30% of stress incontinent patients became continent after treatment of urinary infection and did not need surgery for correction of stress incontinence. Because of the high incidence of false-positive results of urodynamic studies when performed during infection (P less than .05), definite treatment of urinary incontinence should not be undertaken before successful treatment of urinary tract infection and repeating urodynamic studies in patients with persistent lower urinary tract symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Pessary test: simple prognostic test in women with stress urinary incontinence.

To overcome urethral obstruction and other shortcomings associated with previously described tests such as the Bonney test and the Marshall test, the pessary test was employed during preoperative evaluation of women with stress urinary incontinence. The similarity of changes seen in the resting and stress urethral closure pressure profiles with the pessary test and post-incontinence surgery, provided an objective evaluation of the pessary test as a simple and reliable clinical tool to predict successful outcome of anticipated incontinence surgery.

Female↗