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Biomedical subjects

A Berger

Publications and source records attributed to A Berger.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Fresh post-traumatic soft tissue defects of the wrist joint and hand and their closure].

As a universal human tool the hand often suffers injuries of its soft tissue. Different localization of defects (palmar and dorsal) and different injuries of functional structures (tendon, nerve, vessel, bone) also need different soft tissue cover and wound closure. The possibilities in plastic surgery of the hand include free transplantation of skin, local and distant flaps, free flaps and neurovascular flaps.

Hand Injuries↗
PubMed1990

[Function preserving surgery of skin and soft tissue tumors: head and neck].

Epithelial malignancies predominantly affect the head and the neck. Ablation requsives free margins of 1 centimeter (except in solid basal cell carcinoma). In a combined modality procedure resection of squamous cell carcinoma is completed by modified neck dissection. The majority of 397 tumor defects were treated by either primary suture and skin grafts or conventional flaps. Indications for 145 microvascular operations were the failure of the classic procedure, expanded defects, and postoperative radiotherapy. Essential for oncological patients with limited life expectancy is the rapid postsurgical recovery in case of free flaps.

Basal Cell Carcinoma↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical aspects and surgical treatment of Dupuytren contracture].

The etiology of Dupuytren's contracture is still not clear. Many theories have been proposed, but no basic data are currently available that would make it possible to treat Dupuytren's contracture by other methods than surgical intervention. The surgical technique used in our clinic is described, and a postoperative treatment is also outlined. This paper is designed to propose an acceptable technique for practicing trauma and hand surgeons.

Dupuytren Contracture↗
PubMed1990

Retroperitoneal fibrosis.

Retroperitoneal fibrosis, an uncommon and ill-defined condition, has a variety of causes and presenting features. The fibrotic process often produces ureteral obstruction and compression of surrounding structures. Pain in the flank, lower abdomen or lumbosacral region is the most common presenting symptom. Certain drugs, neoplasms, retroperitoneal injury or infections may all initiate the fibrotic process. This article describes a case of retroperitoneal fibrosis in a 34-year-old man who had been receiving a beta-adrenergic blocking agent.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Adverse effects of cyclosporin A with special reference to the peripheral nervous system].

Since the introduction of Cyclosporine A (CsA) in 1972, several studies have focused on its effects on experimental autologous peripheral nerve transplants. Although several studies have reported neurotoxicity of CsA in the central nervous system, no such data exist regarding the peripheral nervous system. The present study focuses on the effects of CsA in the therapeutic and toxic doses on axon regeneration, particularly the rate and quality of axon regeneration. Autologous nerve transplantation was performed in Lewis rats and axon regeneration evaluated clinically (motor function, body weight), electroneurographically and histologically. In transplanted nerves, even high doses of CsA (30 mg/kg bodyweight) did not lead to delayed or impaired axon regeneration. Long-term application in normal peripheral nerves did however cause axon degeneration with edema and vacuolisation of myelin sheaths, retraction of myelin sheaths from the node of Ranvier, and marked enhancement of the Schmidt-Lantermann incisures. As neurological side effects such as tremor and paresthesia have been reported under application of CsA in man, the above data might be of clinical relevance.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Vascular complications in free tissue transfers].

The causes of vascular complications after 306 cases of free vascularized tissue transfers were examined. The technique and success of the explorative operations were determined. The results show that 22 flaps were lost because of failures in indication, technique and monitoring. A no-reflow phenomenon was not observed.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Guanylate kinase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Isolation and characterization, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis, amino acid sequence and comparison with adenylate kinases.

This paper describes a large-scale purification of guanylate kinase (ATP + GMP in equilibrium ADP + GDP) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the crystallization of the enzyme and preliminary X-ray investigations. Furthermore the complete amino acid sequence of the enzyme has been determined and was compared to adenylate kinase sequences. 1. Guanylate kinase was purified in five steps to homogeneity: crude extract, ion-exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography and gel filtration twice. 2. The enzyme was crystallized to single octahedral bipyramids with sizes up to 500 x 200 x 150 microns 3. Preliminary X-ray results are given. 3. The final sequence shows 186 amino acids (Mr = 20,548), containing one cysteine and one tryptophan. It was determined from peptides of five cleavages of the whole protein. Three cleavages were used for determination of the whole polypeptide chain. From the other two, only some peptides were used to secure overlaps and the cysteine position. The N-terminal blocking group was identified by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. 4. Since guanylate kinase shows the mononucleotide binding pattern GXXGXGK, it was compared to other proteins containing this pattern. But no further homology signal could be detected. A comparison with adenylate kinases revealed significant similarity in another chain segment. This led to the conclusion that guanylate kinase is at least partially homologous to the adenylate kinases.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Results of primary nerve repair in the upper extremity.

The results of primary repair of peripheral nerve injury in the upper extremity are reported for 143 nerves in 120 patients, with a mean follow-up of 24 months. Normal values for static and moving two-point discrimination were established and related to the person's age. Sensory reeducation was employed routinely in the postoperative rehabilitation program. Moving two-point discrimination recovered to a better level in 61%, the same level in 38%, and a worse level in 1% than static two-point discrimination after nerve repair. Results for digital, median, ulnar, and radial nerve repairs are reported.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Aesthetic aspects in reconstructive microsurgery.

The reconstruction of a part of the body that has lost or inhibited function has been the most important aspect of reconstructive surgery in the past. Because of the existence of better techniques and the patient's wish for social reintegration, the plastic surgeon today is forced to consider the aesthetic results of his work more than in the past. Sometimes microsurgical procedures in reconstructive surgery are the only chance for the patient to be healed or palliated. Experience with more than 350 free tissue transfers gave us the opportunity to estimate the value of a donor flap with respect to the requirements of the receiving site. To satisfy the high aesthetic demands in these cases, it was necessary for the right place and shape the flap to fit as closely as possible, even if further corrections were necessary to achieve a satisfactory result. The transfer of latissimus dorsi and radial forearm flaps to the face and lower leg is discussed in cases of tumorous diseases and severe injuries of young and old patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Cellular mechanisms of rejection and regeneration in peripheral nerve allografts.

A model of rejection and regeneration of peripheral nerve allografts in rats is presented. A 2.5-cm segment of 28 right sciatic nerves was transplanted orthotopically from LEW.1W to DA and from DA to LEW.1W. With a microsurgical technique, proximal and distal coaptations were performed. In an autologous control group the same surgical procedure was applied. Evaluation included clinical estimation of motor recovery and macroscopic appearance of the graft, electrophysiological examination, conventional histology, and immunohistology. The latter concentrated on demonstration of monomorphic and polymorphic determinants of MHC class I and II antigens and of macrophages. By functional, electrophysiological, and histological parameters it was demonstrated that after rejection a certain degree of regeneration took place in the allografts. Both rejection and subsequent regeneration were studied in detail by immunohistology. During the course of Wallerian degeneration MHC class I expression on myelin sheaths could be demonstrated. When the rejection response occurred, additional MHC class II expression on myelin sheaths and on vascular endothelial was observed. Recipient specific class I-positive macrophages were infiltrating the graft from the epineurium and the coaptation sites, and were later present at the sites of myelin degradation. At 6 weeks postoperatively donor-specific MHC products were no longer detectable, but recipient-specific Schwann cells were present in the allograft tissue. We conclude that a rejection response renders a peripheral nerve allograft acellular but does not destroy the nerve architecture, still enabling it to function as an axon conduit. The regeneration in the rejected allograft however lacks the positive neurotropic and -trophic influence physiologically provided by viable Schwann cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Taxol produces a predominantly sensory neuropathy.

Taxol, a plant alkaloid with promise as an antineoplastic agent, produced a predominantly sensory neuropathy in 16 of 60 patients treated in two phase I trials. This neuropathy occurred only at taxol doses greater than 200 mg/m2. Symptoms typically started 1 to 3 days following treatment, beginning in the hands and feet simultaneously in most patients. Electrophysiologic data suggests both axonal degeneration and demyelination. This previously undefined neurotoxic neuropathy most likely results from taxol's unique ability to produce microtubule aggregation in dorsal root ganglion cells, axons, and Schwann cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Brachial artery puncture: the need for caution.

Because of the anatomy of the forearm, hematoma formation and compression of the median nerve can occur in patients who have not received anticoagulants. This potential for nerve damage poses a risk to the patient and legal risk to the operator. Family physicians and family practice residents should first attempt to obtain arterial blood gas sampling from the radial artery and only use the brachial artery if the attempt from the radial artery fails. Femoral artery puncture should also be avoided, if possible.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Herpes simplex virus type-1 strain influence on chorioretinal disease patterns following intracameral inoculation in Igh-1 disparate mice.

We have previously shown that the Igh-1 locus on chromosome 12 of the mouse influences contralateral disease patterns in the modified von-Szily model. Following intracameral injection with 1.5 X 10(4) PFU of HSV strain KOS (HSV-KOS), 75% of BALB/cByJ (Igh-1a), 30% of C.AL-20 (Igh-1d) and 5% of C.B-17 (Igh-1b) mice develop contralateral chorioretinal necrosis. In contrast, Igh-1 congenic mice do not develop contralateral chorioretinal necrosis following anterior chamber inoculation of the same dose of an HSV-KOS mutant lacking surface glycoprotein-C (HSV-GC-KOS). Similarly, injection of wild type HSV strain mP (HSV-mP) into the anterior chamber of susceptible BALB/cByJ mice induces destructive contralateral chorioretinitis whereas injection of the same dose of the mutant HSV strain MP (HSV-MP) lacking surface glycoprotein-C does not induce a destructive contralateral chorioretinitis. In addition, higher doses of HSV-mP inoculum abrogate the Igh-1-associated contralateral chorioretinal protection seen in C.B-17 mice; protection is restored in C.B-17 mice at lower HSV-mP doses that still cause contralateral chorioretinitis in BALB/cByJ mice. These data demonstrate the influence of the viral isolate on the modified von-Szily model and specifically the requirement for the presence of glycoprotein-C on the surface of HSV for the development of contralateral destructive chorioretinitis.

Animals↗