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Biomedical subjects

A Berger

Publications and source records attributed to A Berger.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Regeneration of autologous and allogenic nerve grafts in a rat genetic model: preliminary report.

The authors report observations concerning rejection and regeneration processes of allogenic peripheral neural tissue, depending on different genetic mismatches in a rat model. Five groups representing different rat strains (n = 100) were subjected to orthotopic grafting of 2.5-cm segments of sciatic nerve. Combinations represented different genetic barriers, including the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC), a non-MHC, a subgroup (A) of the MHC, a group representing MHC plus non-MHC, and an autologous control group. Animals were examined after one, two, and 12 weeks; additional evaluations in some of the experimental groups were done at six and eight weeks. Regeneration in varying degrees was evident in all groups at 12 weeks.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Drug-metabolizing enzyme expression in human normal, peritumoral and tumoral colorectal tissue samples.

In the present study, we investigated Phase I (cytochrome P450; DT-diaphorase, DTD) and Phase II (epoxide hydrolase, EH; glutathione-S-transferases, GSTs) enzymes in normal colon from patients without colorectal adenocarcinoma and in peritumoral and tumoral tissues from patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma. No significant changes in levels of cytochrome P450IIIA4 (the only P450 detectable in this tissue), EH, GSTs and DTD activity were found between normal and peritumoral tissues. In tumoral tissue, compared with peritumoral tissues, we observed significant decreases in cytochrome P450IIIA4 (-50%, P less than 0.002) and EH (-60%, P less than 0.03), no change in DTD activity and significant increases in GST pi (+40%, P less than 0.03) and total GST activity (+30%, P less than 0.01). The numerous changes observed in tumoral tissues suggest that variations in drug-metabolizing enzyme expression in colorectal adenomatous polyps could represent pretumoral markers. Moreover, a better understanding of the expression of these enzymes in tumoral tissues would help us to choose the most appropriate colon tumor cell lines for the testing of new anti-cancer drugs.

Blotting, Western↗
PubMed1991

The proximally pedicled arteria radialis forearm flap in the treatment of soft tissue defects of the dorsal elbow.

Soft tissue defects of the dorsal side of the elbow require a stable soft tissue reconstruction. Therefore, for the treatment of limited, uninfected defects, local or distant skin flaps should be used. For large and infected defects, the use of the proximally pedicled arteria radialis forearm flap is indicated. We used the flap in 14 patients as an alternative to conventional methods. This neurovascular, septocutaneous flap proved safe and versatile, guaranteeing stable soft tissue reconstruction of the dorsal aspect of the elbow. The flap has an orthograde flow and is nourished by the radial artery. With its long, neurovascular pedicle, it can be transposed in a proximal ulnar or radial direction. Four years after operation, all elbow joints showed a complete range of motion. No further soft tissue instabilities were seen.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1991

Brachial plexus injuries: an integrated treatment concept.

An integrated concept is presented for the treatment of lesions of the brachial plexus. In such patients, nerve repair is useless as a single method of therapy. Only the combination of nerve repair with both conventional and new methods of muscle and tendon transfer, including the free muscle transplant innervated by vascularized nerve grafts, can give the patient functional use of the paralyzed arm.

Arm↗
PubMed1991

Relationship between neonatal excitability and respiratory habituation.

The Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale was administered and analyzed in the cases of 25 full-term infants in order to assess the relationship between a behavioral measure of excitability and respiratory habituation. Sound and light stimuli were sequentially delivered, and prestimulus and poststimulus respiratory amplitude mean and standard deviation were analyzed. The stimulus with the least interperiod difference was considered as habituation. The correlation between arousal behavioral items and respiratory habituation ranged between 0.16 and 0.44. The two significant correlations were between peak of excitement and respiratory habituation to light (0.44) and between rapidity of buildup and respiratory habituation to sound (0.38). These results may indicate an interrelation in neonates between temperamental excitability attributes and respiratory regulation.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1991

[Preventive operations in plastic surgery].

Prophylactic surgery is an operation meant mainly to be preventive but may also be performed in combination with other operations. These procedures should prevent tissue damage or prevent spread and increase of this damage. Examples of such operations are procedures such as after radiotherapy, pressure sores and scar tissue.

Cicatrix↗
PubMed1991

[Functional reconstruction by neurovascular muscle and myocutaneous flaps of the lower extremity].

The management of resurfacing problems is simplified in using free, microvascular flaps in complex trauma or tumor surgery. To restore motor function neurovascular muscle or myocutaneous flaps are imperative. Therefore 29 neurovascular latissimus dorsi flaps in 28 patients among more than 570 free tissue transfers have been applied to the lower extremity. One patient had a monoblock transfer, while another had bilateral latissimus dorsi flaps to both legs. Reanimation of the neurovascular flaps was perceptible at an average of 13.5 months. Of the 29 neurovascular muscle, or myocutaneous flaps 27 developed a joint excurvation according to muscle grading scale: M3 to M5.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[The greenhouse effect and human health].

Numerous scenarios describing the potential evolution of man's activities during the next few decades enable to predict the components of the future environmental system. On this basis and using the most reliable models, it may be predicted that, unless we alter our developmental policy, the Earth system will be significantly perturbed during the course of the 21st century. In particular, the greenhouse warming will cause profound changes in climatic zones as we know them to-day and, consequently, in regional climates and in the agricultural, economic, social and health infrastructures associated with them. According to the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change, the Business-as-Usual scenario of emission would lead to a warming of about 3 degrees C above the 1990 level by the end of the next century. Sea level will rise due to the thermal expansion of the warmer oceans and potential melting of glaciers with a "best" estimate of 60 cm for the end of the XXIst century. Much more needs to be known about man-made effects on his surroundings, but action must be taken rapidly and effectively to ensure that instead of destroying the basis for human life on Earth, man's ingenuity is applied to saving and improving it.

Air Pollution↗
PubMed1991

[Functional rehabilitation of the upper extremity after compartment syndrome].

In established compartment syndrome discrimination between the different forms of flexion contracture, i.e., manifest Volkmann's contracture and intrinsic contracture is necessary. A combination of both is also possible. Classification is essential for determination of whether reconstruction is indicated and what procedure should be selected. Shortening osteotomies of the ulna and radius are now of historical interest only, as is carpalectomy. Lengthening of the flexor tendons is indicated only in mild and localized limited contracture of only some of the long fingers, but there is a danger of possible further adhesions limiting the range of motion. Thus, cases of stage I and II according to Tsuge with persisting partial flexor motor function are treated mainly by muscle sliding operation (Scaglietti) combined with microsurgery for internal neurolysis of the median and ulnar nerves. The latter is anteriorly transposed. In cases of solitary intrinsic contracture we prefer the Littler release procedure. The most useful repair in advanced compartment syndrome, however, consists in free microsurgical tissue transfer. The non-contractile, degenerated scarred flexor muscle remnants are excised and substituted orthotopic by transfer of free, neurovascular muscle, with salvage of flexor motor function in the forearm.

Arm Injuries↗
PubMed1991

Incidence and treatment of deviation of nasal septum in newborns.

Four thousand and ninety consecutive newborns were investigated for nasal septal deviations over a two-year period in the Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa. An incidence of 0.93% of anterior nasal septal cartilaginous dislocation was found. No statistically significant correlation was observed between the newborns' weight and the nasal deformities. Definite correlation between the type of delivery and the nasal deformity was noted, however. The importance of early treatment during the first three days after birth is stressed. The infants were followed for a three-year period and no evidence of recurring septal deformity was noted. Birth trauma was first reported by Metzenbaum in 1929 as being a causative factor in nasal septal dislocation. Since then, it has been reported by other authors. Deviated nasal septum in the newborn is said to occur due to various intrauterine and transnatal pressures operating on the fetus. In 1963, Klaff reported 12 cases of septal dislocation in newborns and went on to describe the causative factors and methods of treatment. Gray investigated septal deformities in 2,380 infants at birth and found anterior cartilage deformity in 4%. He put forward a maxillary moulding theory of transmitted pressure during pregnancy or birth in an attempt to explain septal deformities in the newborn. Hartikainen et al. screened 4,724 newborns for congenital nasal deformities and found a 1.9% incidence of anterior septal dislocation. In this study no evidence of birth trauma as the cause of congenital nasal deformities was found and it was proposed that the majority of dislocations originated during intrauterine life. Collo reported correction of 19 birth traumatic nasal septal deviations by manual manipulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Female↗
PubMed1990

[Duodenal perforation as late complication following endoscopic retrograde bile duct prosthesis implantation. A case report with literature review].

Endoscopic drainage of the common bile duct by endoprosthesis has been advocated as an effective alternative to palliative surgery in the management of malignant occlusion icterus. Apart from other complications duodenal perforation may occur at the time of endoscopic insertion of the prosthesis. Perforation as a late sequel of endoscopic retrograde placement of such an endoprosthesis is rare. This paper presents the case of duodenal perforation eight days after implantation of a biliary endoprosthesis necessitating immediate surgical intervention.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Splenic cyst--a rare cause of epigastric expansion].

Cysts are rare lesions of the spleen, and may be divided into parasitic and non-parasitic types. After the parasitic cysts, the second most frequent group is the (secondary) posttraumatic form of non-parasitic cysts. The primary form (congenital and neoplastic) of the latter is the least frequent. Whereas splenectomy was the treatment of choice for lienal cysts until a few years ago, a change has occurred in the techniques of splenic salvage. Against the background of a case report of a primary epidermoid cyst the etiology, diagnostic measures, and the recent developments in conserving spleen surgery are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Diffuse neonatal haemangiomatosis: successful management with high dose corticosteroids.

We report two cases of diffuse neonatal haemangiomatosis. The multiple cutaneous lesions were associated with massive hepatic involvement and congestive heart failure in one, while in the other laryngeal haemangiomas caused stridor and inspiratory distress. A significant regression in vascular lesions was achieved with high dose corticosteroid therapy.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

Phospholipid fatty acid composition of various mouse tissues after feeding alpha-linolenate (18:3n-3) or eicosatrienoate (20:3n-3).

The selective incorporation of dietary alpha-linolenate (18:3n-3) and its elongation product, eicosatrienoate (20:3n-3), into various phospholipids (PL) of mouse liver, spleen, kidney, and heart, was examined in a two-week feeding trial by assessing mol % changes in associated fatty acids. Mice were fed fat-free AIN 76A diets modified with either 2 wt% safflower oil (control); 1% safflower and 1% linolenate; or 1% safflower and 1% eicosatrienoate. After linolenate or eicosatrienoate feeding, 20:4n-6 was reduced by 36-50% in liver phosphatidylcholine (PC) and in liver and spleen phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Linolenate was minimally incorporated into PL, but was desaturated and elongated to 20:5n-3, 22:5n-3, and 22:6n-3, with notable differences in the quantity of these n-3 derivatives associated with different tissues and PL. Eicosatrienoate was uniquely incorporated into the cardiolipin (CL) pool of all organs. There was also considerable retroconversion of 20:3n-3 to 18:3n-3 (PC,PE). Dietary eicosatrienoate may therefore affect metabolism in diverse ways--20:3n-3, which is retroconverted to 18:3n-3, may provide substrate for 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 syntheses, whereas intact 20:3n-3 may be incorporated into the CL pool. Acyl modifications of CL are known to affect the activity of key innermitochondrial enzymes, such as cytochrome c oxidase.

8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid↗
PubMed1990

Muscle transfers in brachial plexus lesions.

The concept of reconstruction to regain lost function after brachial plexus lesions has to be as broad and complex as possible. We have been exploring wider and more novel clinical concepts at the Clinic of Plastic, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery at the Medical School of Hannover. Our ideas are supported by experience in 160 patients. We have attempted to combine the use of a vascularized nerve graft and a microvascularly-transferred autologous muscle. Patients undergoing the procedures have included those with late complete root avulsions and no functional return, as well as previously operated cases with poor recovery of biceps, wrist, and forearm function. The surgery is divided into two stages. In the first stage, the ulnar nerve is prepared as a vascularized nerve graft and is sutured to intercostal nerves 3 to 5 or 6. In stage 2, when the Tinel sign reaches the distal ends of the ulnar nerve graft (about six to eight months later), the latissimus dorsi muscle is harvested. The muscle is then placed as far distally as possible in the forearm and sutured to the deep finger flexors and flexor pollicis longus. Proximally, the insertion is performed similarly to Steindler's method. The vessels are connected to the brachial artery and vein and the thoracodorsal nerve is sutured to the graft. This method provides flexion of both the fingers and the elbow.

Adult↗