Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A Bergan

Publications and source records attributed to A Bergan.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Liver transplantation in a 23-year-old tyrosinaemia patient: effects on the renal tubular dysfunction.

Orthotopic liver transplantation was performed on a 23-year-old female with hereditary tyrosinaemia. The disorder was diagnosed at 7 years of age due to severe rickets, and the patient was treated with a diet restricted in phenylalanine and tyrosine. Nineteen months before the transplantation she had an acute episode of diffuse gastrointestinal bleeding due to portal hypertension. Three subsequent bleeding episodes with accompanying ascites and signs of encephalopathy were considered life-threatening. Nine months after the liver transplantation the patient is well, but serum transaminases are slightly elevated. Without dietary restrictions serum tyrosine and inorganic phosphate are normalized, no succinylacetone can be detected in serum, and urinary excretion of p-hydroxyphenyllactate and p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate is normal. Excretion of amino acids, glucose and beta 2-microglobulin decreased significantly after the transplantation but is still elevated. The succinylacetone concentration in urine is about 20% of the preoperative level. After an oral tyrosine load, succinylacetone excretion increased sevenfold but no deterioration of the renal tubular function was observed and no tyrosine metabolites were detectable in serum. The findings indicate that the defective tyrosine metabolism occurs in the kidneys, but does not produce tubular dysfunction. The residual tubular dysfunction of the patient is probably due to irreversible damage of the tubular epithelium.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in mucosal biopsy specimens from patients with ulcerative colitis.

Biopsy specimens from long-standing ulcerative colitis were frozen shortly after resection and homogenized before measurement of lactate dehydrogenase (LD) isoenzymes by agar electrophoresis. Results were related to histological changes in inflammation or dysplasia. The percentage of total LD M monomers was significantly higher in homogenates of specimens with dysplastic changes than in homogenates of specimens with only inflammatory changes. A positive correlation was found between total LD M monomers and LD5 monomers (isoenzyme) for the whole material, for each of the histological subgroups of ulcerative colitis, and for the control specimens of adenomas, carcinomas, and normal mucosa. A positive correlation between total LD activity and total percentage of LD5 monomers was only seen for dysplastic, adenomatous, and malignant tissues. The results support the use of dysplasia as a marker for premalignant changes in mucosal specimens and indicate a possible role for LD isoenzyme measurements in specimens from patients with long-standing ulcerative colitis.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1985

Enzyme activity and protein patterns as premalignant markers in mucosal biopsy specimens from the large intestine.

Total enzyme activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and lactate dehydrogenase (LD) was measured in homogenates of resected biopsy specimens and in endoscopic biopsy specimens. LD isoenzyme patterns were scanned by a laser technique after agarose gel electrophoresis. Examinations were performed in homogenates of premalignant lesions such as ulcerative colitis and adenomas of the colon, with normal mucosa and carcinomas as control material. Additionally, two-dimensional electrophoretic protein patterns were compared for normal mucosa, adenomas, and carcinomas of the large intestine. The mean activity of both G6PD and LD was highest in the presence of dysplasia; however, only G6PD activity seemed independent of inflammatory changes. The percentage of LD isoenzyme M monomers was significantly higher in homogenates of specimens with dysplastic changes than in specimens with only inflammatory changes. A positive correlation was found between total LD isoenzyme M monomers and LD 5 monomers for the whole material and for each of the histological subgroups of ulcerative colitis. A positive correlation between total LD activity and the percentage of LD 5 monomers was seen only for dysplastic, adenomatous, and malignant tissues. The several hundred protein spots seen on two-dimensional protein maps showed that most of the spots were common for normal mucosa, adenomas, and carcinomas, but differences were also seen. Polyps and carcinomas had strikingly similar protein patterns, different from that of normal mucosa. The results of the two-dimensional protein electrophoresis lend further support to the hypothesis that polyps are precursors of carcinomas of the large intestine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Biopsy↗
PubMed1985

The effect of gastric bypass operation on glucose tolerance in obesity.

A series of variables involved in glucose handling were monitored before and after gastric bypass operation for morbid obesity. Blood glucose, insulin, C-peptide, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), pancreatic polypeptide (PP), and gastrin were measured basally and after an oral glucose load. Blood glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and PP were also measured after an intravenous glucose load. Adrenocortical function was evaluated by measuring plasma cortisol and urinary excretion of 17-hydroxy-corticosteroids and 17-ketosteroids. Nine subjects were examined before and 3 and 12 months after operation. Glucose tolerance improved postoperatively concomitant with decreased basal levels of C-peptide and insulin, increased hepatic insulin extraction, and evidence of reduced adrenocortical function. Parallel with reduced insulin resistance, support for an increase in both insulin secretion and removal was obtained postoperatively. It is concluded that the considerable endocrine abnormalities seen in morbid obesity can be normalized after gastric bypass operation and weight reduction.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Crohn's disease. Results of excisional surgery in 133 patients.

Of a series of 133 patients treated surgically for Crohn's disease during the years 1962-78, 21 had recurrence after previous operations in other hospitals. In addition, 40 of the patients underwent altogether 52 reoperations for recurrent disease; hence the total number of operations was 185. Five patients died in the postoperative period (2.7%). There were five late deaths related to Crohn's disease. The annual recurrence rate after all operations performed was rather constant, averaging 13.1%, and the cumulative recurrence rate after 10 years was 76.1%. The annual rate of reoperation tended to decline, with a cumulative reoperation rate of 35.8% after 10 years. The recurrence rate was not significantly different after primary operations and operations for recurrent disease. There was a higher risk of relapse during the first 2 years after non-radical excision of diseased gut than after radical excision. At follow-up examination in 108 patients most were in good general condition. Only eight patients had severe, disabling symptoms with reduced working capacity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Measurement of enzyme activity in colonic biopsies: a test for premalignancy in ulcerative colitis?

Enzyme activity was studied in relationship to histological changes in biopsy specimens removed after resection from patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6-PDH) and lactate dehydrogenase activities were measured in homogenates from 276 large-intestinal biopsy specimens, classified histologically in accordance with grade of inflammation and dysplasia. The mean activity of both enzymes was highest in the presence of dysplasia; however, only G6-PDH activity seemed independent of inflammatory changes. In the seven patients with dysplasia both enzyme activities were significantly raised in segments with dysplasia, compared with those without. The results support the use of dysplasia as a marker of premalignancy and may suggest a role for measurements of enzyme activity in the evaluation of patients with ulcerative colitis.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1984

Distribution of dysplasia in ulcerative colitis.

Epithelial dysplasia was found in the large intestine of 8 of 15 patients with ulcerative colitis operated on between 1980 and 1982. In six of eight patients, dysplasia was found in the cecum and ascending colon, in one of eight in the descending or sigmoid colon, and in four of eight in the rectum. None of the five carcinomas in three patients were located in the sigmoid colon or rectum. The age of onset was much lower, 19 +/- 7 years, and the duration of colitis longer, 15 +/- 7 years, for the group with dysplasia compared with that without dysplasia, 37 +/- 18 and 4 +/- 3 years, respectively. Our study indicates that malignant transformation may frequently occur in the proximal colon and emphasizes the need for total colonoscopy with multiple biopsies in the evaluation of patients with long-standing ulcerative colitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Prednisolone pharmacokinetics and protein-binding in patients with portosystemic shunt.

The pharmacokinetics and protein-binding of orally administered prednisolone have been studied in seven patients with chronic liver disease and portosystemic shunts. The peak prednisolone serum concentration and the time of peak prednisolone concentration were similar to those found in normal subjects, indicating that there is no clinically significant first-pass metabolism of prednisolone. The elimination half-time and the extent of bioavailability of total prednisolone tended to be lower in the patients, and the extent of free, unbound prednisolone higher, but the differences were not statistically significant. The patients had a significantly lower serum protein-binding of prednisolone than the controls. Despite the decreased protein-binding in the patients, however, the results indicate that changes occur in the pharmacokinetics of prednisolone that tend to reduce the bioavailability of free, biologically active prednisolone towards that seen in healthy subjects. Reduction of the prednisolone dose is therefore not indicated in patients with portosystemic shunt and chronic liver disease, even in the presence of hypoalbuminemia.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1982

Plasma carcinoembryonic antigen concentrations and immunohistochemical patterns of epithelial marker antigens in patients with large bowel carcinoma.

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), secretory component (SC), and epithelial IgA were traced by paired immunofluorescence staining in 102 large bowel carcinomas from 99 patients. The immunohistochemical results were evaluated semiquantitatively in relation to histological tumour grade, clinicopathological stage, and preoperative plasma CEA concentration. CEA expression was significantly increased (p less than 0.05) in the following order: histologically normal colon mucosa, transitional mucosa adjacent to tumours, neoplastic epithelium; the reverse was true for the expression of SC and epithelial IgA (p less than 0.01). CEA was significantly more abundant in the moderately and poorly differentiated tumors than in the well differentiated ones (p less than 0.05), whereas the latter showed better expression of SC (p less than 0.05) and epithelial IgA (p approximately 0.06). In the transitional mucosa, CEA staining tended to be inversely related to histological tumour grade, whereas SC and epithelial IgA were significantly better seen in this zone when the adjacent tumour was well differentiated than when it was moderately or poorly differentiated (p less than 0.01). Furthermore, the expression of SC and epithelial IgA in the transitional mucosa decreased with increasing invasiveness of the tumours, whereas the opposite relation was indicated for CEA expression. Plasma CEA concentrations were not clearly correlated with histological levels than the localised well differentiated tumours tended to be associated with lower levels than the localised moderately differentiated ones (p approximately 0.06). Moreover, the latter variety was associated with lower plasma CEA concentrations than disseminated tumours of comparable differentiation (p less than 0.01).

Adenocarcinoma↗