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Biomedical subjects

A Axelsson

Publications and source records attributed to A Axelsson.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

The effect of buflomedilhydrochloride (Loftyl) on temporary hearing threshold shift.

Buflomedilhydrochloride (Loftyl, Abbott) is a vasodilating agent which has proved not only to influence peripheral blood vessels but also cerebral vascular disease. We tested the ability of Buflomedil to prevent noise-induced temporary threshold shift (TTS). Ten individuals tested the active substance and placebo 5 times each at random. In the individual analysis comparing Buflomedil and placebo sessions, there was a statistically significant decreased TTS after Buflomedil.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The correlation between otoscopy and otomicroscopy in acute otitis media during healing.

One hundred ears in 50 children were investigated independently by four otolaryngologists during healing of acute otitis media. Interobserver variations of the tympanic membrane were studied. Clinical findings with otoscopy were correlated with otomicroscopy. The investigation showed that there is a substantial interindividual variation in evaluation of the tympanic membrane. Otomicroscopy improves the diagnostic performance and reduces interobserver variations. Interobserver agreement was best for normal tympanic membranes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Tinnitus in noise-induced hearing loss.

Tinnitus was analysed in 94 patients with noise-induced hearing loss. Tinnitus of a pure tone character was most common followed by narrow-band noises, and a combination of these. A broad-band noise type of tinnitus was the least common finding. Tinnitus was most common at high frequencies. The suggested mean tinnitus level (in dBHL) corresponded well with the mean audiometric threshold for these patients. Most patients characterized their tinnitus as moderate to severe. Subjective tinnitus grading showed poor correlation to the audiometric threshold or to sensation level e.g. patients with a suggested tinnitus threshold corresponding to the hearing threshold could consider their tinnitus severe. The most common subjective discomforts were concentration difficulties, insomnia and decreased speech discrimination. In most cases residual inhibition was limited to 60 seconds.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The effect of impulse noise on cochlear vessels.

Short- and long-term changes in the cochlear vasculature and long-term changes in the sensorineuroepithelium were studied in guinea pigs after they were exposed to impulse noise. Vessel histology and cochlear hair cell loss were assessed, using a surface-preparation technique, and the results showed considerable variability. Hair cell loss and radial tears in the organ of Corti were a common finding in the animals killed four weeks after impulse-noise exposure. Impulse-noise exposure resulted in few cochlear vascular changes in the acutely and chronically affected groups. Compared with the results of our previous studies using continuous-noise exposure of different characteristics and in different mammals, this impulse-noise experiment resulted in a nonsignificant damaging effect on the cochlear vasculature.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Regional blood flow in the rabbit cochlea.

A new technique evaluates microcirculation in the different parts of the cochlea. It is a synthesis of two previously known methods--the microsphere method and the soft surface-specimen method. We studied the cochlear blood flow in ten albino rabbits using nonradioactive microspheres. The local distribution of microspheres in the cochlea was determined and the total cochlear blood flow calculated.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Is there an ototraumatic interaction between noise and solvents?

A review of the literature and four case reports are presented. The patients had all been exposed to noise as well as to organic solvents and they demonstrate a much more pronounced sensorineural hearing loss than would be expected from their noise exposure only. In one of the cases a psycho-organic syndrome due to solvent exposure was verified. Audiograms from 32 painters in a shipyard who had been exposed to noise and solvents did not, however, show any clustering of inexplicably pronounced sensorineural hearing losses. With reference to the above cases it is suggested that there might be a possibility of an ototraumatic interaction between solvents and noise. In view of the neurotoxic effects of organic solvents, such an interaction is conceivable.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis. Erythromycin base and phenoxymethyl-penicillin (penicillin V).

One hundred patients with acute maxillary sinusitis have been studied. The diagnosis was made clinically and confirmed radiologically, using a roentgenological 6-point score for mucous membrane thickening and secretion. Fifty patients in each group were treated with either erythromycin base or phenoxymethyl-penicillin (penicillin V). The roentgenological state of each sinus was classified on the 1st, 5th, 10th, and 15th day, giving an objective evaluation of the treatment effect. There was no significant difference between the two treatment modes as to therapeutic outcome, and the results are compared with those of a larger material of 1220 patients with acute maxillary sinusitis studied in the same way at Lundby Hospital since 1970 (25 different treatment modes).

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

Visual testing with 'preferential looking' in mentally retarded children.

In 21 out of 26 children and young adults with mental retardation visual acuity could be successfully examined with operant preferential looking. There was a good correlation in this group of patients between ocular abnormalities demonstrated in an ophthalmological examination and the visual acuity results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Clinical assessment of visual functions in infants and young children.

We report our experience with 2 new methods of assessing visual functions in children: grating acuity determination by means of preferential looking technique and contrast sensitivity measurements. Acuity determinations with preferential looking proved useful for evaluation of the effects of amblyopia treatment in young children (0-3 years) with esotropia and for monitoring visual development in children operated early for congenital cataract. We have also used these methods successfully for diagnostic acuity determinations in very young children or in older but mentally retarded children with suspected visual impairment. In 4-year-old children contrast thresholds were determined for sine wave gratings of different spatial frequencies displayed on an oscilloscope screen. The results were less reproducible than those obtained earlier in somewhat older children, and did not correlate as well as the results of other visual tests as in the older children.

Amblyopia↗
PubMed1983

Visual acuity testing with preferential looking in mental retardation.

Twenty-six mentally retarded children and young adults, most of them with severe neurological deficits, in the age range 5-24 years, were examined ophthalmologically, and their binocular visual acuities were tested with 'operant preferential looking' according to the technique of Mayer & Dobson (1980). Five of the subjects did not co-operate sufficiently for visual testing, although 3 had no ocular abnormalities that would affect binocular acuity. The visual acuity levels determined with 'preferential looking' ranged from 1.29 to 0.03 in the 21 subjects that could be tested. Two children with high myopia showed substantial increase in acuity with appropriate correction (from 0.1 to 1.06 in one child and from 0.05 to 0.31 in the other). Inability to fixate light or objects was found in subjects, who at acuity testing showed values of 0.15 or less. In patients with suspected or definite optic atrophy, visual acuities 0.28 or less were obtained. In general there was a good correlation between ophthalmological abnormalities (in fixation, pupil reactions to light, ocular motility, fundus appearance and refraction) and poor visual acuity. It is therefore concluded that visual acuity testing with 'preferential looking' techniques can give valid information on central visual function in mentally retarded children and young adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Temporary threshold shift after exposure to predicted and unpredicted noise.

In order to investigate if anticipation of noise could influence individual susceptibility to temporary threshold shift (TTS), an experimental study was carried out comprising 10 voluntary normal-hearing subjects. The noise stimulus consisted of noise bursts centered at 4000 Hz with a duration of one second. Initially, each subject was exposed in a test situation where the noise was presented instantly upon the subject's response (producer). The subject was instructed to respond by pressing a button as fast as possible after an optical stimulation. The rate was approximately 1 noise burst/6 sec and the total number of bursts were 100. The intervals between bursts were randomized. Each individual's exposure time pattern was recorded and used for the second test situation. Here the first exposure was reproduced, but each noise burst presented without notice (consumer). Each subject participated in 5 producer sessions and in 5 consumer sessions. Evaluation of TTS measurements revealed a maximum TTS at 6000 Hz. The mean TTS for all subjects in the two different situations, showed no significant difference and only one subject demonstrated a tendency toward a greater TTS susceptibility in the 'consumer' sessions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

The acoustic reflex threshold in relation to noise-induced hearing loss.

In 100 consecutive cases with severe noise-induced hearing loss, pure-tone threshold measurements revealed symmetric hearing losses with maximum shifts at 4000 and 6000 Hz. Acoustic reflex measurements showed that few patients had an elevated pathologic reflex threshold. In contrast, we found a depressed acoustic reflex sensation level (i.e., the difference, in decibels, between pure-tone threshold and acoustic reflex threshold) suggesting a cochlear localization of the injury. Consequently, the probability of retro-cochlear involvement was small, or the cochlear component dominated the retro-cochlear one. The relation between the absence of the acoustic reflex and the degree of hearing loss showed that even at a pure-tone threshold of 80 dB HL, 50% of the ears still had an elicitable acoustic reflex. Statistical analysis yielded a significant correlation between acoustic reflex sensation level and speech discrimination, but no such correlation between acoustic reflex threshold and speech discrimination. We suggest that acoustic reflex sensation level should be a complement to the acoustic reflex threshold in order to distinguish between different localizations of sensorineural hearing losses.

Adult↗