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Biomedical subjects

A Autret

Publications and source records attributed to A Autret.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Ultrasonic, arteriographic and anatomopathological correlation in 59 cases of carotid atherosclerosis].

This study was carried out on 49 patients who underwent an ultrasound study by continuous Doppler and echotomography B real-time, an angiography of supra-aortic arteries, and a carotid endarterectomy. Thirteen had had transient ischemic attacks and 20 a stroke. A quantification of the carotid stenosis in 4 stages was established for each method. For detection of lesion an excellent correlation was observed between the results of echotomography and pathology. For the quantification of lesion the correlation between echotomography and pathology was excellent also in 79,7 p. 100 of the cases, discordant in 20,3 p. 100. It was similar to the correlation between arteriography and pathology (excellent in 83 p. 100 of the cases). The correlation with pathology enabled to distinguish for stages of atherosclerotic lesions, to clarify their type of complications, and to evaluate their functional significance, particularly those with a high risk of embolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Frontal evoked potentials and sensitivity to methylphenidate. Individual differences].

Auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) were recorded from 2 sites (Cz and Fz) on 17 subjects while awake. Five sound intensities were used (40-50-60-70-80 dB). Regression slopes relating AEP amplitude (N1-P2 component) to stimulus intensity were used to describe augmentation or reduction (A/R) of amplitude with increasing intensity. The individual differences thereby obtained have been related with the individual responsiveness to methylphenidate (MPD) measured by the modifications of polygraphic sleep parameters after absorption of this substance. The sleep parameters were recorded under 3 conditions: N1, night of habituation; N2, reference night (placebo); N3, night after 20 mg of methylphenidate (MPD); nights 2 and 3 consisted of a double blind cross-over. For the placebo condition, the lower the A/R slope while awake (and particularly the Fz slope), the higher the sleep efficiency, with scarcity of nocturnal awakening and precocity of the morning awakening. Individual differences concerning MPD responsiveness measured with sleep parameter modifications are significantly correlated with the frontal A/R slopes: the wakefulness effect of MPD increases as the frontal A/R slope weakens while a paradoxal drowsiness effect is observed at the other extreme (frontal augmenters). Moreover, sleep modifications due to the first night effect show similarities with those due to MPD and are correlated in the same way with frontal A/R slopes.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Accidental epileptic seizures in children].

The authors report a series of 71 children admitted to a general pediatric hospital for a first non febrile, non symptomatic seizure and observed for an average of 6 years and 5 months. Among these patients, 19 cases corresponded to an isolated unexplained seizure without paroxysmal E.E.G. abnormalities, which did not reappear without treatment in a mean follow-up period fo 5 years and 3 months. The typical features of these "accidental seizures" are compared with other types of epilepsy. Finally, these "accidental seizures" can be classified into 2 groups: atonic seizures in the young child (1-4 years) and partial seizures in older children. A statistical analysis was undertaken to define the risk factors for recurrence after the first epileptic attack. A low recurrence risk is expected for children between 1 to 4 years with atonic type of seizures without paroxysmal E.E.G. abnormalities while there is a high recurrence risk for children under 1 year with generalized seizures and paroxysmal E.E.G. intercritical abnormalities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Influence of waking and sleep stages on the inter-ictal paroxysmal activity in partial epilepsy with complex seizures.

Twenty-six patients suffering from partial epilepsy with complex seizures underwent polysomnographic recording. Paroxysmal activity (PA) densities in waking and sleep stages were assessed. Total PA densities of one night were found to be an increasing function of the seizure frequency in the previous period. Nineteen patients had more PA during sleep, 5 others in the waking state and the two remaining patients exhibited no differences in PA densities between sleep and waking. Nocturnal seizures were reported by patients showing the sleep PA increase pattern; they also used more anti-convulsants than patients showing the waking PA increase pattern. Differences in PA densities between these two groups were more pronounced in the more desynchronized (waking) and the more synchronized (stages 3 + 4) cortical states. The modulation by slow wave sleep stages was independent of, and superimposed on, the sleep/waking one.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Paroxysmal nocturnal activity in partial epilepsy in the adult].

Thirty-four adults with partial epilepsy underwent polysomnographic sessions. Three sub-groups of patients were determined by timing their EEG paroxysmal activities (PA) according to the possible increase in PA related to their sleeping or awake state. Twenty-seven had an increase in PA when sleeping, 5 when awake and no significant difference was found in two other patients. Patients who suffered from nocturnal or partial elementary epileptic seizures were those who showed a PA increase when in a sleep state. These patients had a lower PA density during a waking state than the patients with a PA increase when awake. The more synchronized (stages 3 + 4) and desynchronized (waking) cortical states influence the PA densities in such a way that there is a significant difference between both sub-groups. The PA density modulation found with the slow-wave sleep stages adds to that induced by sleep and waking states.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Verbal and nonverbal dichotic listening test. Influence of the hemispheric activation state in normal subjects].

The dichotomic listening test provides data for assessment of cerebral hemisphere activities in response to a given stimulus. Variations in results following verbal and non-verbal dichotomic listening tests to familiar sounds are described, as well as modifications when the activity of one or other hemisphere has been previously altered. Findings demonstrate that voluntary excentration of gaze modifies inter-hemispheric equilibrium and affects the results of the non-verbal dichotomic listening test.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Anti-platelet aggregation therapy and ischaemic cerebral accidents due to atheroma (author's transl)].

Most controlled studies of the effects of anticoagulants on ischaemic cerebral accidents due to atheroma were carried out in the 60's and failed to show long-term beneficial results. Anti-platelet aggregation agents, such as dipyridamole, clofibrate and sulfinpyrazone, did not prove more effective. A well-conducted co-operative Canadian study has recently shown that aspirin in doses of 1300 mg/day reduced by 19% the risk of ischaemic cerebral accident or death and that this risk is further reduced in the subgroup of non-diabetic male patients without history of infarction. Another American co-operative study suggests that aspirin is more effective in patients who had several transient episodes of cerebral ischaemia and that an atheromatous lesion is present. No combination of anti-platelet aggregation agents is demonstrably superior to aspirin. The present tendency is to administer heparin immediately after ischaemic cerebral accidents.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMed1982

[Various factors affecting the onset of paroxysmal nocturnal interictal activities in primary generalized epilepsy in adults].

The relationships between the states of vigilance and the interictal EEG, paroxysmal activities (PA) were studied in 20 adults with generalized primary epilepsy. Each patient was submitted to 1-5 nocturnal polygraphic recordings. Sleep and waking modify the PA densities: 8 patients had a waking PA increase, 7 a sleep PA increase and 5 exhibited no differences of PA density between sleep and waking. Within these groups there was also an influence of slow wave sleep stages on PA densities. The function of auto-correlation of PA did not exhibit any periodicity even after correction of the effects of the states of vigilance. In patients monitored several nights the evolution of the PA densities during the successive sleep cycles throughout the night did not usually reveal a clear and stable pattern.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Acquired aphasia in epileptic children--four cases with electrical infraclinic status epilepticus during sleep (author's transl)].

Four cases of acquired aphasia in epileptic children, associated with sub-continuous bitemporal paroxysmal activities (PA) during sleep, are described. Clinical improvement always followed the decrease or the unilateralization of PA. Persistence or aggravation of aphasia was observed when PA again became bitemporal and sub-continuous. Electroencephalographic characteristics of PA during sleep stages are described. Relationships of these cases with the 'sub-clinical electrical status epilepticus induced by sleep' and the physiopathology of aphasia are discussed.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1981

Effect of salbutamol, a putative cerebral beta agonist on sleep stages and interictal epileptic discharges.

The effects of Salbutamol 1.5 mg in 250 ml dextrose solution was tested on 14 epileptic patients following a double blind cross-over design. Sleep parameters and interictal paroxysmal activities density were measured. No seizures were encountered during the experiment. No modification of either sleep parameters (duration of sleep stages, latency of sleep and paradoxical sleep, duration of sleep cycles and awaking) or density of P. A. during waking state, on stage I, II, III and IV and paradoxical sleep were observed. In other respects, 5 patients had no P. A. during polygraphic sessions. They exhibited a longer duration of paradoxical sleep and a shorter duration of awaking than the 9 other patients with P. A. So with the dosage used here no implication of central beta-adrenoceptors in sleep mechanisms and production of epileptic activity are suggested.

Albuterol↗