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Biomedical subjects

A A Mitchell

Publications and source records attributed to A A Mitchell.

104 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1973

Incidence and isolation of Bacteroides species from clinical material and their sensitivity to antibiotics.

One thousand and sixty-seven strains of anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli were isolated from routine clinical material between January 1971 and December 1972. Most of the strains were isolated from sites allied to the lower intestine and genito-urinary tract. Resistance to tetracycline was present in 39.2% of strains tested. In contrast only one strain was found resistant to clindamycin. It is suggested that the recovery of anaerobes from material sent to the laboratory depends largely on the efficiency of the anaerobic system used.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in sleep position during infancy: a prospective longitudinal assessment.

CONTEXT: Prone sleeping by infants has been associated with an increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome. OBJECTIVE: To document the prevalence of and identify risk factors for prone sleeping during the first 6 months of life. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Eastern Massachusetts and northwest Ohio. STUDY PARTICIPANTS: A total of 7796 mothers of infants weighing 2500 g or more at birth. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Maternal and infant characteristics related to prone sleeping at 1 month and 3 months of age. RESULTS: Between 1 month and 3 months of age, prone sleeping increased from 18% to 29%. At 1 month, prone sleeping was associated with the following maternal characteristics: non-Hispanic black or Hispanic race/ethnicity, younger age, less education, and higher parity. At 3 months, switching from nonprone to prone position was associated with mother's race/ethnicity of non-Hispanic black (odds ratio [OR], 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-2.3) or Hispanic (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1-2.2); younger maternal age (compared with mothers >34 years: 18-24 years, OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2-2.2; <18 years, OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2-4.3); increasing parity (compared with 1 child: 2 children, OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.2-1.8; > or =3 children, OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.4-2.2); and infant sex (male sex, OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.2-1.7). CONCLUSIONS: If infant sleeping practices in the study communities are representative of practices throughout the United States, a substantial number of infants who slept nonprone at 1 month sleep prone at 3 months.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An assessment of the safety of pediatric ibuprofen. A practitioner-based randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that ibuprofen increases the risk of hospitalization for gastrointestinal bleeding, renal failure, or anaphylaxis among febrile children. DESIGN: Randomized double-blind acetaminophen-controlled trial. SETTING: Outpatient pediatric and family medicine practices. PATIENTS: A total of 84,192 children. INTERVENTION: Patients were randomly assigned to receive 12 mg/kg of acetaminophen, 5 mg/kg of ibuprofen, or 10 mg/kg of ibuprofen. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Hospitalizations for acute gastrointestinal bleeding, acute renal failure, and anaphylaxis. RESULTS: A total of 277 patients (0.3%) were unavailable for follow-up. Overall, 795 participants (1%) were hospitalized, primarily for infectious diseases; hospitalization rates did not differ according to treatment group. Four children had diagnoses of acute, nonmajor gastrointestinal bleeding (two in each ibuprofen dosage group); among ibuprofen-treated children, the observed risk of gastrointestinal bleeding, 7.2 per 100,000 (95% confidence interval, 2 to 18 per 100,000), was not significantly different from the risk among acetaminophen-treated children (P = .31). There were no hospitalizations for acute renal failure or anaphylaxis; the upper 95% confidence bound for the risk of either of these outcomes was 5.4 per 100,000 ibuprofen-treated children. Among a number of other possibly serious adverse drug events, low white blood cell count was marginally associated with ibuprofen treatment. Because this association was observed in the setting of multiple comparisons and white blood cell counts may have been low before treatment, causation is unclear. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of hospitalization for gastrointestinal bleeding, renal failure, or anaphylaxis was not increased following short-term use of ibuprofen in children. These data, however, provide no information on the risks of less severe outcomes or the risks of prolonged ibuprofen use.

Acetaminophen↗