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Biomedical subjects

A A Mitchell

Publications and source records attributed to A A Mitchell.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Birth defects related to bendectin use in pregnancy. I. Oral clefts and cardiac defects.

The risk of birth defects previously associated with Bendectin use in early pregnancy were evaluated in a case-control study of malformed infants whose mothers were interviewed in three regional centers; 98 infants with isolated cleft palate (CP), 221 with cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL +/- CP), and 122 with selected heart defects (HD) were compared with 970 other malformed infants who served as controls. Relative risk estimates (with their 95% confidence limits) for first-trimester exposure to Bendectin were as follows: CP, 0.9 (0.5 to 1.5); CL +/- CP, 0.6 (0.4 to 0.8); and HD, 1.0 (0.6 to 1.6). Allowance for a large number of potentially confounding factors did not materially influence the risk estimates. These findings suggest that early in utero exposure to Bendectin does not appreciably increase the risk of oral clefts or selected cardiac defects.

Antiemetics↗
PubMed1979

Drug utilization and reported adverse reactions in hospitalized children.

An intensive drug surveillance program has been developed to study the clinical effects of drugs in hospitalized children. This program collects information on drug exposures and the occurrence of adverse clinical events. The 1669 children monitored to date received an average of 7.6 drugs during an average hospital stay of 8.4 days. A group of specified adverse clinical events, whether or not drug attributed, occurred in 45.7% of the patients; drug-attributed events (adverse drug reactions) occurred in 16.8%. Both drug use and reported adverse reactions tended to increase with age, except that newborns received many drugs but had the lowest reported adverse reaction rates. Newborns, however, had the highest rate of adverse events not attributed to drugs, suggesting that perhaps some of these latter events include presently unrecognized adverse drug reactions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Tk polyagglutination associated with reduced A and H activity.

Tk polyagglutinable erythrocytes are described in which A and H activities were reduced. It is suggested that Bacteroides fragilis isolated from cultures of the patient's blood was responsible for each of these membrane modifications.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1976

Anticonvulsants and parental epilepsy in the development of birth defects.

The results of two studies, one in Finland and one in the U.S.A., raise the possibility that fetal damage previously attributed to phenytoin and other anticonvulsant drugs, principally phenobarbitone, may be due to epilepsy itself. In the U.S.A., drug-exposure information was collected before delivery in a cohort of 50 282 mother/child pairs. The total malformation rate in 305 children born to epileptic mothers was 10.5%, as against 6.4% in the remainder (p less than 0.01); corresponding rates for major malformations were 6.6% and 2.7%. When the fathers had epilepsy, the malformation-rates in their children were intermediate. The rates did not vary significantly according to maternal anticonvulsants therapy. Mental and motor scores as 8 months of age, and intelligence quotient scores at 4 years were lower in children of epileptic mothers, but not in children of epileptic fathers. The scores showed only random variation according to maternal anticonvulsant therapy. In Finland, 2784 children with craniofacial anomalies were compared with an equal number of normal children; 8 and 2 mothers, respectively, received anticonvulsants, while pregnant, for epilepsy. In that study, the separate effects of the disease and its treatmet could not be evaluated. Both studies did not find evidence of fetal damage when phenobarbitone was taken for indications other than epilepsy.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1976

Drug ingestions associated with miosis in comatose children.

The occurrence of pupillary constriction in children comatose as a result of the acute ingestion of common drugs has been studied in a large pediatric hospital by reviewing records of patients admitted between 1965 and 1974. Among 94 patients with an acute drug ingestion, the frequency of miosis in relation to the cause of coma was 88% for narcotics, 72% for phenothiazines, 35% for ethanol, and 31% for barbiturates. In contrast, miosis was noted in only 3% of 105 patients with coma from head injuries or infection of the central nervous system. Miosis was associated with all four drug ingestions among patients in deep coma and with narcotic and phenothiazine ingestions among patients in light coma. The frequency of miosis was found to increase with increasing depth of coma in patients with all four drug overdoses, particularly among patients with phenothiazine and barbiturate ingestions.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗
PubMed1975

Effect of Bacteroides fragilis on the human erythrocyte membrane: pathogenesis of Tk polyagglutination.

Incubation of normal human erythrocytes with the supernatant of centrifuged culture of some strains of Bacteroides fragilis results in the exposure of Tk polyagglutination determinants on the erythrocyte membrane. These determinants are present on non papain-labile structures and are probably exposed by an enzyme mechanism. Other strains of B. fragilis were found to produce neuraminidase, haemolysins, and protease. It is suggested that early recognition of Tk determinants may be an aid to the diagnosis of B. fragilis infection.

Arachis↗