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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

Validity of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test as a measure of hearing vocabulary in mentally retarded and normal children.

The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) and the auditory and visual subtests of the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities (ITPA) were administered to 48 normal and 48 retarded subjects. Results suggested that the PPVT is not an adequate measure of hearing vocabulary for mentally retarded subjects. Half of each group was given the visual reception subtest of the ITPA in a form which had been modified to control the visual memory variable. No differences were found as a function of that variable. It was concluded that caution should be exercised when using the PPVT as a clinical diagnostic procedure in the assessment of receptive auditory vocabulary.

Child↗
PubMed1976

Auditory vocabulary of the right hemisphere following brain bisection or hemidecortication.

Unilateral scores of two commissurotomy and three (one left and two right) hemispherectomy patients were obtained on standardized auditory language comprehension tests which use pointing responses to a pictorial array. Unilateral performance by the commissurotomy patients was achieved by restricting the pictorial array to one visual half field, using a novel contact lens system which permits ocular scanning of the lateralized stimulus and self-monitoring of task performance. Using the Peabody and Ammons Picture Vocabulary Tests, the auditory vocabulary in the disconnected or isolated right hemispheres was found to be equivalent to that of normal subjects of ages 8:1 to 16:3 with a mean of 11:7 (eleven years and 7 months old). At the same time, standardized aphasia tests showed that the picture vocabulary in the right hemispheres is similar to that of a heterogeneous population of aphasics, even though the right hemispheres did not behave quite like any classical aphasic diagnostic group. No significant differences were found between right hemisphere comprehension of object vs. action names. Results indicated that vocabulary as a function of word frequency followed the same pattern in the right and left hemisphere although the right hemisphere was consistently lower. This parallel between the two hemispheres was conjectured to reflect some similar or even shared lexical structures in the two hemispheres. Together with other data on the performance of the right hemisphere on the Token Test (Zaidel, 1976), the results suggest a complex model of the development of language laterality in the brain, in which some, but not all, auditory language functions continue to develop in the right hemisphere past what is generally regarded as the critical period for language acquistion. In general, auditory language comprehension is better characterized as that of an "average aphasic" than that of a child of a specific age.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1979

Diagnostic vocabulary for primary care.

The diagnostic vocabulary of a clinician appears to be specific and measurable for each clinical discipline. The diagnostic vocabulary of 11 primary care physicians over four-years' work has been analyzed. For every 1,000 patients cared for, each physician made, on average, 2,691 diagnoses every year, representing a diagnostic vocabulary of 475 different clinical entities. This vocabulary has been analyzed according to frequency of usage and clinical decision making. The clinical, teaching, and administrative implications of this analysis are discussed.

Diagnosis↗
PubMed2003

eVOC: a controlled vocabulary for unifying gene expression data.

Expression data contribute significantly to the biological value of the sequenced human genome, providing extensive information about gene structure and the pattern of gene expression. ESTs, together with SAGE libraries and microarray experiment information, provide a broad and rich view of the transcriptome. However, it is difficult to perform large-scale expression mining of the data generated by these diverse experimental approaches. Not only is the data stored in disparate locations, but there is frequent ambiguity in the meaning of terms used to describe the source of the material used in the experiment. Untangling semantic differences between the data provided by different resources is therefore largely reliant on the domain knowledge of a human expert. We present here eVOC, a system which associates labelled target cDNAs for microarray experiments, or cDNA libraries and their associated transcripts with controlled terms in a set of hierarchical vocabularies. eVOC consists of four orthogonal controlled vocabularies suitable for describing the domains of human gene expression data including Anatomical System, Cell Type, Pathology and Developmental Stage. We have curated and annotated 7016 cDNA libraries represented in dbEST, as well as 104 SAGE libraries,with expression information,and provide this as an integrated, public resource that allows the linking of transcripts and libraries with expression terms. Both the vocabularies and the vocabulary-annotated libraries can be retrieved from http://www.sanbi.ac.za/evoc/. Several groups are involved in developing this resource with the aim of unifying transcript expression information.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

microntology: a lightweight, data-driven controlled vocabulary to describe earth's microbial habitats.

MOTIVATION: Data-enabled studies of microbial ecology and evolution depend on high-quality descriptions of microbial habitats, based on curated and consolidated vocabularies. RESULTS: We introduce microntology v1.0, a pragmatic controlled vocabulary of 148 terms to describe microbial habitats and lifestyles, and provide manually curated microntology annotations for >300k metagenomic samples from public repositories. AVAILABILITY: microntology controlled vocabulary terms and term hierarchies (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.19730167), and curated annotations for 305 626 metagenomic samples (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18164252) are available via Zenodo and spire.embl.de/downloads. Underlying code is available via github.com/grp-schmidt/microntology and Zenodo (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.20323497). User feedback, suggestions and bug reports are welcome at github.com/grp-schmidt/microntology/issues.

Ecosystem↗
PubMed1978

[Application of the multiple vocabulary test to assessing mental disorders].

The multiple vocabulary test has been used to investigate approaches to objectifying general mental deterioration. Compared to methods used to determine the actual level of intelligence, the premorbid levels of intelligence which were determined with the use of the multiple vocabulary test were roughly the same for patients with brain injuries that cannot be detected by means of specialized instruments. In the case of patients where brain injuries were detectable through the use of instruments, the premorbid level of intelligence was significantly higher than the actual intelligence level. Patients with general mental deterioration showed highly significant differences between premorbid and actual levels of intelligence. The results obtained indicate that the multiple vocabulary test is a useful means of diagnosing general mental deterioration due to organic or psychological factors. Also discussed by the authors in their present paper are hitherto unsolved problems that stand in the way of an objective diagnosis of dementia and loss of intelligence.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

[Application of the multiple vocabulary test to determining premorbid intelligence levels].

The authors present three basic approaches to solving the problem of determining the premorbid level of intelligence for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. The indirect way of measuring the premorbid level of intelligence was chosen because of the empirical nature of this approach and the possibility of establishing a firm basis for this. Using a number of samples, it has been possible to show that the multiple vocabulary test satisfies all requirements that must be made of a method of measuring the premorbid level of intelligence. They are above all independence of aging and disease processes as well as a high level of internal validity. Results to date indicate that the multiple vocabulary test is a useful method of rapidly and reliably determining the general level of intelligence. Its special importance lies in the fact that it allows the premorbid level of intelligence to be ascertained, thus contributing to an empirical elucidation of problems associated with decreases in proficiency and general mental deterioration due to organic or psychological factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Attentional model for the effectiveness of fading in training reading- vocabulary with retarded persons.

Researchers have shown that a simple reading-vocabulary can be trained by repeatedly pairing picture and word and that fading the picture over trials increases the efficiency of training. An attention hypothesis attributes the effectiveness of fading to an increase in attention to the word caused by the fading out of the picture. In an alternative hypothesis, stimulus change, it is proposed that the mechanism of fading derives from the increased salience of the changing stimuli, so that fading in the word would be as effective as fading out the picture. These competing hypotheses were tested by training 48 nonreading retarded persons (in four equated groups) under the following conditions: fade picture out, fade word in, double fade (picture fades out and word fades in simultaneously), and standard (picture and word paired without fading). Tests of vocabulary-learning showed that the fade picture out and double-fade conditions were equally effective and superior to the standard and fade word in conditions, which were equally ineffective. These findings were inconsistent with the stimulus-change hypothesis, but consistent with a two-look attentional model, based on the Zeaman and House attention theory (1963).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Factor analysis of breadth and depth dimensions on Wechsler's Similarities and Vocabulary Subscales.

Previous research (Bailey, Lazar, & Edinger, 1977) has indicated the presence of Breadth and Depth factors on the Similarities subscale of the WAIS. The present study (N = 102) analyzed these two factors further, by using measures of Breadth and Depth on both the Similarities and Vocabulary subscales. Several other measures also were studied, including a Comprehension index, SAT scores, and GPA. Results of a factor analysis with oblique rotation revealed distinct Breadth and Depth factors, which strongly supported the theoretical rationale of the study. The Breadth factor seems to reflect broad-range skills of the type required on conventional IQ tests, while the Depth factor is less theoretically clear. It is suggested that Depth involves an effort component as well as ability because the S is required to provide more than a single correct answer for a given item.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Associative intrusions in the vocabulary of schizophrenic and other patients.

Associative intrusions in the thought of short-term and long-term schizophrenic, non-schizophrenic, and non-psychiatric in-patients were measured using Rattan and Chapman's multiple-choice vocabulary test. This test consists of two subtests, one with associative distractors and the other without distractors, which are matched on discriminating power and thus permit the assessment of differential specific performance deficit uncontaminated by the generalized deficit characterisitc of many patient groups. Results indicated that some susceptibility to associative intrusions characterizes all groups of long-term patients regardless of diagnosis. Short-term patients (with the possible exception of schizophrenic) did not show such heightened susceptibility. Lengthy illness and/or stay in hospital are apparently implicated in at least this form of thought disorder, which has been often considered to be a uniquely schizophrenic phenomenon.

Adolescent↗