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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Expression of cell cycle proteins in T1a and T1b urothelial bladder carcinoma and their value in predicting tumor progression.

BACKGROUND: Cell cycle proteins are important markers in predicting tumor behavior in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. The objectives of this study were 1) to determine the expression levels of some of those markers in a series of patients with bladder carcinoma, 2) to define their value in distinguishing T1a (minimally invasive) from T1b (invasive) tumors, and 3) to evaluate their use as predictive factors in the progression of T1a and T1b tumors. METHODS: Tumor specimens from 101 patients were included (22 Ta specimens, 34 T1a specimens, 15 T1b specimens, and 30 T2 specimens). A tissue microarray from the 101 paraffin embedded tissue blocks was constructed. Immunohistochemistry for p16, p27, p21, p53, cyclin D1, and Ki-67 were performed. To evaluate T1a and T1b tumor progression, clinical and follow-up data were available for all 49 patients. RESULTS: Cyclin D1 and p27 were the only markers that showed a significant association with tumor stage and tumor grade (cyclin D1: P = 0.002 and P > 0.00, respectively; p27: P = 0.024 and P = 0.031, respectively). The results indicated that a combination of p21 (odds ratio, 5.7; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.3-24.8 [P = 0.022]) and p16 (odds ratio, 3.7; 95% CI, 0.8-16.5 [P = 0.081]) may have potential use in distinguishing T1b tumors from T1a tumors. Finally, none of the markers examined were found to have predictive value for T1a and T1b tumor progression. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of cyclin D1 and p27 was associated with the most important prognostic factors (tumor stage and grade). The combination of p21 and p16 may have value in distinguishing T1b tumors from T1a tumors, although this finding must be evaluated in much larger series. Finally, none of the markers studied appeared to have predictive value for disease progression in patients with T1a and T1b urothelial bladder tumors.

Aged↗
PubMed2026

A three-gene radioresistance signature predicts tumor progression in cervical cancer.

BACKGROUND: As a primary curative treatment for locally advanced cervical cancer, radiotherapy is frequently undermined by radioresistant tumor cells that evade cell death and subsequently drive post-treatment tumor progression. This study aimed to identify candidate genes associated with radioresistance in cervical cancer and to explore their potential in predicting unfavorable outcomes among radioresistant patients, thereby providing a reference for future research. METHODS: We screened for co-expressed genes using transcriptomic data from radiation non-complete response (NCR) cervical cancer patients in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. Cox regression analyses were conducted to identify the most significant radioresistance-associated genes for constructing a prognostic model. The predictive performance of this model was further validated through logistic regression, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and pan-cancer analyses. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to quantify the expression levels of key genes in cervical cancer tissue samples from radiosensitive and radioresistant patients. RESULTS: The resulting prognostic model comprised three genes: MTMR11, VANGL1, and CD46. This gene panel was significantly associated with the prognosis of cervical cancer patients receiving radiotherapy and showed acceptable predictive performance across multiple cancer types. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression patterns of MTMR11 and VANGL1 were generally consistent with radioresistance of cervical cancer, whereas CD46 exhibited an unexpected expression trend. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that MTMR11, VANGL1, and CD46 are associated with radioresistance and prognosis in cervical cancer. Their potential clinical utility, especially in predicting radiotherapy response at the individual patient level, requires further validation in larger, independent, and prospective cohorts.

Cervical cancer↗
PubMed2004

Activation of the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin/4E-BP1 pathway by ErbB2 overexpression predicts tumor progression in breast cancers.

The Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/4E-BP1 pathway is considered to be a central regulator of protein synthesis, involving the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. The inhibitors of mTOR as anticancer reagents are undergoing active evaluation in various malignancies including breast cancer. However, the activation status of the Akt/mTOR/4E-BP1 pathway and its potential roles in breast cancers remain unknown. Thus, we examined 165 invasive breast cancers with specific antibodies for the phosphorylation of Akt, mTOR, and 4E-BP1 by immunohistochemistry and compared them with normal breast epithelium, fibroadenoma, intraductal hyperplasia, and ductal carcinoma in situ. We discovered that the phosphorylation of Akt, mTOR, and 4E-BP1 increased progressively from normal breast epithelium to hyperplasia and abnormal hyperplasia to tumor invasion. Phosphorylated Akt, mTOR, and 4E-BP1 were positively associated with ErbB2 overexpression. Survival analysis showed that phosphorylation of each of these three markers was associated with poor disease-free survival independently. In vitro, we further confirmed the causal relationship between ErbB2 overexpression and mTOR activation, which was associated with enhanced invasive ability and sensitivity to a mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin. Our results, for the first time, demonstrate the following: (a) high levels of phosphorylation of Akt, mTOR, and 4E-BP1 in breast cancers, indicating activation of the Akt/mTOR/4E-BP1 pathway in breast cancer development and progression; (b) a link between ErbB2 and the Akt/mTOR/4E-BP1 pathway in breast cancers in vitro and in vivo, indicating the possible role of Akt/mTOR activation in ErbB2-mediated breast cancer progression; and (c) a potential role for this pathway in predicting the prognosis of patients with breast cancer, especially those treated with mTOR inhibitors.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing↗
PubMed2000

Blood level of B and CD4+ lymphocytes measured before induction of an experimental tumor in rats predicts tumor progression and survival.

After an initial series of experiments indicated that early responses of B lymphocytes were important in controlling tumor metastases in two rat models of cancer (N. Quan et al., Cancer Res., 59: 1080-1089, 1999), the present study assessed whether differences in the number of B lymphocytes that are normally present in different individual rats before any tumor development could predict tumor growth, metastases, and length of survival when tumor challenge subsequently occurred. Repeated baseline measures of several circulating lymphocyte subtypes (i.e., natural killer, B, CD4+, CD8+ lymphocytes) were made in individual inbred WAG rats before any introduction of tumor cells, and stable baselines for these subtypes were found. Animals were then injected with 2 x 10(6) CC531 tumor cells (a syngeneic tumor) into the leg, and the size of the resulting primary tumor measured. Primary tumors were surgically removed 6-7 weeks after tumor-cell injection, and animals then followed until death from metastases. In two experiments, the size of the primary tumor as well as the length of time that animals survived correlated with the pretumor percentage of certain lymphocyte subtypes in peripheral blood before tumor-cell injection. Baseline percentage of B lymphocytes was significantly negatively correlated with the size of the primary tumor and was positively correlated with the duration of survival. Baseline percentage of CD4+ lymphocytes showed the opposite relationship, being positively correlated with tumor size and negatively correlated with survival time, although these correlations were lower than those for B lymphocytes. Percent B lymphocytes in circulation also declined during tumor development. In summary, a high percentage of endogenous peripheral blood B lymphocytes predicted growth of smaller primary tumors and longer survival after experimental tumor induction in a rat model, further suggesting that B lymphocytes are involved in protection against development of certain tumors.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

Overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor and its ligand transforming growth factor alpha is frequent in resectable non-small cell lung cancer but does not predict tumor progression.

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its ligand transforming growth factor (TGF) alpha are hypothesized to form an autocrine growth loop in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to play an important role in tumor formation and progression. We studied the association between overexpression of EGFR, TGF-alpha, or both, and overall survival of patients with resectable NSCLC. Overexpression, defined as >20% of tumor cells staining on immunohistochemistry, was examined in 96 tumor samples from consecutive patients having resection of previously untreated, well-staged NSCLC who were then followed prospectively (median follow-up, 20.7 months). The expression of three other ligands for EGFR (epidermal growth factor, cripto, and amphiregulin) was examined by Northern analysis to determine whether they might also contribute to a potential growth stimulatory loop. Overall, survival was calculated by the method of Kaplan and Meier, and prognostic factors were compared using the log-rank test. Overexpression of EGFR only was found in 32% (31 of 96), of TGF-alpha only in 10% (10 of 96), of both EGFR and TGF-alpha in 38% (37 of 96), and of neither in 19% (19 of 96) of tumors. EGFR and TGF-alpha overexpression was observed in all tumor stages and histological types but was most frequent in squamous cell carcinoma. By univariate and multivariate analyses, only tumor stage, not histology or overexpression of EGFR, TGF-alpha, or both, had a significant impact on overall survival. No expression of epidermal growth factor or cripto was observed at the total cellular RNA level of Northern analysis in tumor or benign lung, suggesting that in NSCLC these ligands may not participate in an autocrine growth stimulatory loop with EGFR. Differential overexpression of amphiregulin in malignant versus normal lung was observed, but this expression pattern did not have a prognostic impact. Thus, EGFR and TGF-alpha overexpression is frequent in early-stage NSCLC but is not associated with a survival difference. These findings suggest that this growth factor/receptor loop is more important for lung tumor formation than for tumor progression.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Increased numbers of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions between primary and metastatic sites predict tumor progression in stage IV and IV-S neuroblastoma.

BACKGROUND: A silver colloid technique to determine nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) number was used to study the proliferative activity of Stage IV-S neuroblastoma in which a spontaneous tumor regression is often observed. METHODS: Primary regional lymph nodes and hepatic lesions from five children with Stage IV-S and five with Stage IV neuroblastoma were examined. RESULTS: Average AgNOR counts per tumor cell nucleus from all five children with Stage IV neuroblastoma were lowest in the primary lesions, intermediate in the metastatic regional lymph nodes, and highest in the distant metastases. However, in four Stage IV-S patients whose metastases later disappeared and showed no sign of recurrence, the average AgNOR number was similar in primary tumors and metastatic lesions. In the other patient with progressive metastases initially diagnosed as Stage IV-S, the data showed the same pattern as in Stage IV neuroblastoma. CONCLUSIONS: The unique AgNOR staining pattern may reflect the proliferative activity of Stage IV-S neuroblastoma. This method may provide further information to differentiate a subtype of metastatic neuroblastoma showing spontaneous tumor regression and/or favorable prognosis.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed2004

Spectroscopic and perfusion magnetic resonance imaging predictors of progression in pediatric brain tumors.

BACKGROUND: In vivo biomarkers to predict progression of brain tumors are of great value in clinical practice. Therefore, the authors tested the hypothesis that changes in choline ratios by magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopic imaging and/or relative tumor blood volume (rTBV) can differentiate clinically stable from progressive pediatric brain tumors. METHODS: MR spectroscopic imaging examinations were performed on 27 children with neuroglial brain tumors during therapy on a 1.5-Tesla MR system. Normalized rTBV values were measured in 11 of 27 patients. Each examination was rated as stable or progressive by clinical and imaging criteria. RESULTS: The percent change in normalized choline (Cho) was significantly greater in patients who had progressive examinations compared with patients who had stable examinations (P = 0.03). The percent change in Cho/N-acetylaspartate (Cho/NAA) was significantly higher in patients who had progressive outcomes (n = 18 patients) compared with patients who had stable outcomes (n = 32 patients; P < 0.001; sensitivity, 0.89; specificity, 0.88) and was identified as the most important prognostic indicator of tumor progression by logistic regression (likelihood ratio test, 33.4; P < 0.001). The odds of tumor progression were approximately 55 times greater for patients who showed at least a 20% change in Cho/NAA. rTBV distinguished between progressing and stable tumors (P = 0.03), and Cho/NAA and rTBV values showed interaction to predict the probability of a progressing clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The percent change in Cho/NAA by proton MR spectroscopic imaging, assisted by rTBV, was useful in predicting tumor progression in children with brain tumors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Further validation of the prognostic model for stage I malignant melanoma based on tumor progression.

Prediction of long-term survival for clinical stage I malignant melanoma and guidance of therapy has long relied upon assessment of tumor thickness. This parameter is a strong, but not infallible predictor of prognosis. Clark et al. have developed a prognostic model based upon the concept of tumor progression and the evaluation of six readily assessable clinical and histologic attributes. They report the most accurate prediction of long-term survival of any prognostic method available for melanoma (100% accurate for radial-growth-phase and 84.1% accurate for vertical-growth-phase melanomas). This model was developed and validated via study of a patient population which largely resided in the northeastern portion of the United States. We report additional validation of this model using a data base of 55 patients from a different geographic location (North Carolina) and have observed virtual identity in the accuracy of predicting 8-year survival for radial-growth-phase (100%) and vertical-growth-phase (85.1%) melanomas. Twenty per cent of these cases were randomly selected and subjected to re-evaluation for prognosis with extremely good precision obtained in the prognostic prediction.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Intraglandular tumor extent and prognosis in prostatic carcinoma: application of a grid method to prostatectomy specimens.

The extent of tumor in prostatectomy specimens was determined by a grid method in 117 patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma. A plastic strip or ruler with squares of 3.0 mm was used, and the ratio of squares overlying carcinoma to the total number of squares overlying prostate tissue was calculated. This grid ratio, which represents an estimate of the percentage of the prostate involved by tumor, was a significant prognosticator closely tied to the likelihood of tumor progression and to survival time, as assessed by logistic regression analysis and a proportional hazard model. The grid ratio was better than histologic grade in predicting tumor progression and patient survival; also, the ratio was more objective than histologic grade as judged by interobserver agreement values. Only slight improvement in prognostication was obtained with concurrent use of both extent and grade. The grid ratio method was slightly better in predicting tumor progression and patient survival than a second method of assessing the percentage of prostatic tissue involved by tumor, the pathologist's percentage estimate. These results indicate that it is important to quantitate tumor extent within prostatectomy specimens; such quantitation need not require step-sectioning of the entire prostate and an expensive and time-consuming method such as computerized morphometrics but rather may be performed by a simple estimate of the percentage of the prostate involved by tumor. Reporting of histologic grade and tumor extent in the prostate gland is recommended as both appear to be important in identifying those patients at risk for a poor outcome after prostatectomy for prostatic carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2001

Molecular monitoring of the tumor load predicts progressive disease in patients with multiple myeloma after high-dose therapy with autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation.

The clinical relevance of the assessment of minimal residual disease (MRD) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) to predict disease recurrence has not been proven. In the present study, we retrospectively analyzed the tumor load in peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) samples of 13 patients with MM both in remission after high-dose therapy (HDT) with autologous PBSC transplantation (PBSCT) and at the time of progressive disease (PD). For six patients, subsequent samples obtained in remission could be included in the study. Tumor cells were assessed by means of quantitative PCR with allele-specific oligonucleotides (ASO-qPCR) based on the method of limiting dilutions. PD was documented with ASO-qPCR in BM samples (median concentration of tumor cells in remission vs at PD: 0.18% vs 4.6%) representing a significant increase by a median factor of 8.7. In PB, the median tumor load was 799 cells/ml in remission and 23 400 cells/ml at PD. With a median factor of 45, the increase was much more pronounced. Comparing the results of the molecular monitoring in PB with those of the determination of the monoclonal protein, routinely applied as parameter for the course of the disease, revealed a superiority of the molecular monitoring because of the significantly higher increase in the tumor load. Analyzing the subsequent remission samples showed an increase of the malignant cells in four out of six PB samples and in all four BM samples available, indicating the potential of ASO-qPCR for an early PD recognition.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Tumor progression and tumor stem cell heterogeneity in relation to tumor radioresistance].

Intertumor heterogeneity among human tumors of similar size and of narrowly defined type has been evidenced as a shallow dose-response relationship for local tumor control. Tumor progression in variable degrees and its resultant tumor stem cell heterogeneity are considered as major factors for the intertumor heterogeneity. Various factors including abnormal ploidy, thymidine labeling index and oncogene amplification are discussed in relation to tumor progression. Predictive and quantitative method of assay for tumor progression is considered important for the selection of treatment modalities.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Cyclin E expression is correlated with tumor progression and predicts a poor prognosis in patients with ovarian carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Cyclins, cyclin dependent kinases (cdks), and their inhibitors act in combination to regulate progression through the cell cycle and often are dysregulated in carcinoma. The authors hypothesized that cyclin E plays an important role in ovarian carcinogenesis and that its overexpression may be an indicator of a poor prognosis. METHODS: Immunohistochemical analysis of cyclin E expression was performed by image analysis in normal ovaries, cystadenomas, tumors of low malignant potential, and 405 primary ovarian carcinomas by using tissue microarray technology. RESULTS: Overexpression of cyclin E was found in 63.2% of the samples and was associated with clear cell, poorly differentiated, and serous carcinoma (P < or = .001), high-grade tumors (P < or = .001), late-stage disease (P = .002), age older than 60 years at the time of diagnosis (P = .04), and suboptimal cytoreduction (P = .001). A high percentage of cyclin E-expressing cells was associated with a poor outcome in univariate and in multivariate analyses. In addition, cyclin E levels also reduced survival in the late-stage disease group and in patients who underwent suboptimal debulking. CONCLUSIONS: Cyclin E was identified as an independent prognostic factor in patients with ovarian carcinoma. The accumulation of cyclin E protein may be a late event in tumorigenesis and may contribute to disease progression in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2025

Epigenetic regulation of HOXA2 expression affects tumor progression and predicts breast cancer patient survival.

Accumulating evidence suggests that genetic and epigenetic biomarkers hold potential for enhancing the early detection and monitoring of breast cancer (BC). Epigenetic alterations of the Homeobox A2 (HOXA2) gene have recently garnered significant attention in the clinical management of various malignancies. However, the precise role of HOXA2 in breast tumorigenesis has remained elusive. To address this point, we conducted high-throughput RNA sequencing and DNA methylation array studies on laser-microdissected human BC samples, paired with normal tissue samples. Additionally, we performed comprehensive in silico analyses using large public datasets: TCGA and METABRIC. The diagnostic performance of HOXA2 was calculated by means of receiver operator characteristic curves. Its prognostic significance was assessed through immunohistochemical studies and Kaplan-Meier Plotter database interrogation. Moreover, we explored the function of HOXA2 and its role in breast carcinogenesis through in silico, in vitro, and in vivo investigations. Our work revealed significant hypermethylation and downregulation of HOXA2 in human BC tissues. Low HOXA2 expression correlated with increased BC aggressiveness and unfavorable patient survival outcomes. Suppression of HOXA2 expression significantly heightened cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in BC cells, and promoted tumor growth in mice. Conversely, transgenic HOXA2 overexpression suppressed these cellular processes and promoted apoptosis of cancer cells. Interestingly, a strategy of pharmacological demethylation successfully restored HOXA2 expression in malignant cells, reducing their neoplastic characteristics. Bioinformatics analyses, corroborated by in vitro experimentations, unveiled a novel implication of HOXA2 in the lipid metabolism of BC. Specifically, depletion of HOXA2 leaded to a concomitantly decreased expression of PPAR&#x3b3; and its target CIDEC, a master regulator of lipid droplet (LD) accumulation, thereby resulting in reduced LD abundance in BC cells. In summary, our study identifies HOXA2 as a novel prognosis-relevant tumor suppressor in the mammary gland.

Humans↗
PubMed2004

Centrosome hyperamplification predicts progression and tumor recurrence in bladder cancer.

PURPOSE: Recent studies have reported that centrosome hyperamplification (CH) is closely related to chromosomal instability in bladder cancer. In this study, we investigated whether CH could be used as a prognostic biomarker for patients with bladder cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: CH was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 50 bladder cancers (< or =pT1: 43; > or =pT2: 7). In addition, numerical aberrations of chromosomes 7, 9, and 17 and gain of 20q13, on which the Aurora-A gene is located, were evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization, and DNA ploidy was assessed. Preliminary experiments on eight bladder cancer cell lines found that six had over 5% of CH cells associated with a gain of 20q13 and overexpression of Aurora-A; therefore, CH-positive cases (CH+) were defined as those having over 5% of cells with > or =3 centrosomes per cell. RESULTS: CH+, 20q13 gain, chromosomal instability, and DNA aneuploidy were detected in 30 (60%), 18 (36%), 22 (44%), and 19 (38%) patients, respectively. There were significant differences in tumor number, grade, recurrence, and progression between the CH+ and CH- groups. The later had significantly higher recurrence-free and progression-free survivals than the former (P = 0.0028 and P = 0.0070, respectively, log-rank test). Multivariate analysis revealed that CH+ was the strongest predictor for tumor recurrence in nonmuscle invasive (pTa and pT1) bladder cancer (hazard ratio, 1.882; 95% confidence interval, 1.161-3.325; P = 0.0094). CONCLUSIONS: Detection of CH may provide crucial prognostic information about tumor recurrence in bladder cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Quantification of microheterogeneity in glioblastoma multiforme with ex vivo high-resolution magic-angle spinning (HRMAS) proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Microheterogeneity is a routinely observed neuropathologic characteristic in brain tumor pathology. Although microheterogeneity is readily documented by routine histologic techniques, these techniques only measure tumor status at the time of biopsy or surgery and do not indicate likely tumor progression. A biochemical screening technique calibrated against pathologic standards would greatly assist in predicting tumor progression from its biological activity. Here we demonstrate for the first time that proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) with high-resolution magic-angle spinning (HRMAS), a technique introduced in 1997, can preserve tissue histopathologic features while producing well-resolved spectra of cellular metabolites in the identical intact tissue specimens. Observed biochemical alterations and tumor histopathologic characteristics can thus be correlated for the same surgical specimen, obviating the problems caused by tumor microheterogeneity. We analyzed multiple specimens of a single human glioblastoma multiforme surgically removed from a 44-year-old patient. Each specimen was first measured with HRMAS 1H MRS to determine tumor metabolites, then evaluated by quantitative histopathology. The concentrations of lactate and mobile lipids measured with HRMAS linearly reflected the percentage of tumor necrosis. Moreover, metabolic ratios of phosphorylcholine to choline correlated linearly with the percentage of the highly cellular malignant glioma. The quantification of tumor metabolic changes with HRMAS 1H MRS, in conjunction with subsequent histopathology of the same tumor specimen, has the potential to further our knowledge of the biochemistry of tumor heterogeneity during development, and thus ultimately to improve our accuracy in diagnosing, characterizing, and evaluating tumor progression.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Prognostic significance of tumor volume after radical prostatectomy: a multivariate analysis of pathological prognostic factors.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the association between Gleason score, stage and status of surgical margins with tumor volume in prostate cancer progression after radical prostatectomy. METHODS: 200 consecutive radical prostatectomy specimens were analyzed. Preoperative clinical stage, PSA, results of prostate biopsies as well as pathological results were noted. A biochemical recurrence was defined as a single, postoperative detectable PSA level (>0.2 ng/ml). Tumor volume was compared to postoperative staging, Gleason score, and surgical margin status to predict tumor progression. Univariate and multivariate analysis using stepwise logistic regression were used to identify parameters with additional prognostic value. RESULTS: Pathological results of the prostatectomy specimens showed 149 (74.5%) pT2a-b, 29 (14.5%) pT3a and 22 (11%) pT3b tumors. Tumor volume was 0.57 cc for pT2a, 1.2cc for pT2b, 1.7cc for pT3a and 2.9cc for pT3b, respectively (p<0.05). Taken together, mean volume for pT2 and pT3 were 1.06 and 2.2 cc, respectively (p<0.0001). Five-year progression-free actuarial survival was 69.7%. Using univariate analysis, tumor progression correlated with final Gleason score (p<0.0007), positive surgical margins (p=0.02), tumor volume (p=0.009) and stage (p<0.0001). In a multivariate analysis, tumor progression correlated only with the final Gleason score (p=0.04) and stage (p=0.0002). CONCLUSION: Gleason score and pathological stage are independent factors to predict prostate cancer progression after radical prostatectomy. When these parameters are known, tumor volume does not provide additional information.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Prognostic factors for progression of superficial bladder cancer].

To clarify prognostic factors for progression of superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (Ta, T1 and G1, G2), 159 patients, treated by transurethral resection from 1975 to 1988, were analysed concerning clinical findings, laboratory data, endoscopic findings and histopathological findings of the tumor. Histopathological findings included ABH blood group isoantigen (ABH) and Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (T-ag) as well as other result. Twenty two cases in the series showed progression; 10 with up-grading and up-staging, 12 with either one of them. Advanced age, positive urinary cytology, multiple or broad base tumor, G2 or T1 tumor, negative ABH and abnormal T-ag were closely associated with progression. By multivariate analysis of these factors, ABH, stage of the tumor, T-ag and form were shown to be important prognostic factors in this order. ABH and T-ag were not correlated with other clinicopathological factors in predicting tumor progression. Therefore we concluded that ABH and T-ag were much important for prediction concerning potential for progression of the superficial bladder cancer.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1984

Immunohistochemical localization of prostate-specific acid phosphatase and prostate-specific antigen in stage A2 adenocarcinoma of the prostate: prognostic implications.

Previous immunohistochemical studies with prostate-specific acid phosphatase and prostate-specific antigen documented the diagnostic value of these antigens in the identification of metastatic prostatic adenocarcinomas and in the differentiation of primary prostatic adenocarcinomas from poorly differentiated transitional cell carcinomas. Although attempts have been made to correlate immunostaining with degree of tumor differentiation, no study has directly assessed the relation of either prostate-specific acid phosphatase or prostate-specific antigen immunoreactivity of tumors with their biologic behavior. Nineteen patients with predominantly intermediate Gleason grade untreated stage A2 carcinomas of the prostate were studied by the unlabeled antibody immunoperoxidase technique for prostate-specific acid phosphatase and prostate-specific antigen in an attempt to identify those in whom the disease would progress without further therapeutic intervention. Of the 12 carcinomas with areas of either weak or negative prostate-specific acid phosphatase staining, nine progressed. Two of the seven carcinomas that did not have these foci of poor immunostaining also progressed. Although there was a trend for foci of poor immunoreactivity to predict tumor progression, the correlation was not significant. All seven patients who had tumor foci with weak or negative prostate-specific antigen immunostaining experienced progression of the disease. Of the 12 patients with only moderate or intense staining, the tumors did not progress in eight. This correlation between foci of poor immunoreactivity and progression of disease was statistically significant. When the study was repeated by varying the technique without awareness of previous grading results, the same predictive results were obtained. When results of prostate-specific antigen immunostaining were compared with those achieved with prostate-specific acid phosphatase, the superiority of the prostate-specific antigen antisera for labeling prostatic tissue was evident. This study suggests that prostatic cancers consist of subpopulations of cells with differing immunoreactive properties and that the presence of cells that lack sufficient differentiation to express normally present immunologically recognizable antigens is an indication of potentially more aggressive neoplasms.

Acid Phosphatase↗