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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

The empirical evaluation of the effects of different group treatment strategies against a controlled treatment strategy on behavior exhibited by antisocial children, behaviors of the therapist, and two self-rating scales that measure antisocial behavior.

Evaluated two group treatment strategies against a control treatment strategy on the behaviors exhibited by antisocial children, behaviors of their therapists, and two self-rating scales. The first year 139 antisocial children were stratified according to age and then randomly placed into 14 groups. For the second year, 100 children were placed into 11 groups composed of antisocial children. Behavioral measurements of the children's and therapists' behaviors were secured at each weekly 2-hour meeting. Children were pre- and posttested on the various inventories postulated to measure antisocial behavior. In addition, significant adults, such as group therapists, filled out pre- and posttest inventories to measure antisocial behavior. For both years very few significant differences occurred between the treatment groups and the control groups on the dependent variables studies. The findings are discussed in terms of their relevance for behavior therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Smoking treatment strategies, expectancy outcomes, and credibility in attention-placebo control conditions.

Assessed credibility of the rapid smoking procedure, covert sensitization a combined approach, satiation, and a relaxation technique in a group of 38 self-reported cigarette smokers. The results suggested that while sex is not a factor in credibility ratings, different treatment strategies do elicit varying degrees of confidence in terms of positive treatment expectances. Scheffé's method of posttest comparisons revealed that satiation was least preferred, while the relaxation procedure was rated the highest in credibility. The other aversive treatment strategies did not differ significantly from either the relaxation or satiation procedures. These findings are discussed as they relate to credibility as a nonspecific treatment variable that smoking researchers may effectively manipulate through a rating procedure in creating a more sound experimental design in attention-placebo control conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed2026

Treatment strategies for imipenemase-producing Gram-negative infections: lessons from Japan.

Carbapenems remain essential for treating serious infections caused by drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria because of their broad-spectrum activities and favourable safety profiles. However, the emergence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales, which produce enzymes that efficiently hydrolyse β-lactams including carbapenems, continues to undermine their clinical utility. Although new antibiotics such as ceftazidime-avibactam, imipenem-relebactam, meropenem-vaborbactam, aztreonam-avibactam, and cefiderocol have expanded therapeutic options, their effectiveness varies substantially across different carbapenemase families. Carbapenemases produced by Enterobacterales include serine β-lactamases (Ambler classes A and D) and metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs; Ambler class B), each with distinct substrate and inhibitor profiles. Clinically relevant MBLs-including imipenemase (IMP), New Delhi MBL (NDM), and Verona integron-encoded MBL (VIM) variants-show markedly different biochemical properties and inhibitor susceptibilities. Despite their clinical relevance, optimal treatment strategies for infections caused by IMP-producing Enterobacterales remain poorly defined. The unique reactivity of IMP-type MBLs to inhibitors differs from that of other MBLs such as NDMs or VIMs, underscoring the need for tailored therapeutic approaches. In this Personal View, we summarise current evidence and, drawing on Japan's experience as an endemic setting for IMP producers, outline key scientific, clinical, and public health challenges that should be addressed globally to develop effective, evidence-based treatment strategies for IMP-producing Enterobacterales infections.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Cognitive dissonance in behavior therapy: some basic treatment strategies.

As the behavioral model becomes liberalized and more encompassing very different frameworks may offer treatment resources. Several treatment techniques derived from cognitive-dissonance theory are discussed in the context of relevant theoretical postulates. Most of the techniques may be applied as needed regardless of the orientation of the practitioner.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed2025

Antifungal treatment strategies and their impact on resistance development in clinical settings.

Invasive fungal diseases, particularly among immunocompromised patients, represent a growing clinical challenge due to limited therapeutic options, diagnostic delays and escalating antifungal resistance. Fungal pathogens employ diverse resistance mechanisms, including genetic mutations of antifungal target enzymes, biofilm formation, efflux pump overexpression and reduced drug penetration, which compromise the efficacy of clinically available antifungal classes. This review explores antifungal treatment modalities and evaluates approaches to mitigate resistance development. Advanced diagnostics and therapeutic drug monitoring are pivotal for enabling timely, targeted therapies and personalizing treatment plans, thus minimizing reliance on broad-spectrum agents. New antifungal agents, such as rezafungin, olorofim and fosmanogepix, along with long-acting and advanced formulations plus combination regimens, show substantial promise for managing resistance and improving treatment outcomes. Additionally, the development of immunotherapies and antifungal vaccines offers new avenues for bolstering host defences against fungal pathogens. Addressing antifungal resistance demands a multifaceted 'One Health' approach that integrates robust diagnostics, antifungal stewardship (AFS), precision medicine and collaborative global efforts. By advancing drug formulations, enhancing diagnostic tools and implementing forward-thinking AFS practices, the healthcare community can better tackle the escalating burden of fungal infections and deliver improved patient outcomes.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed2026

Perioperative care for patients with opioid exposure and opioid use disorder: screening and treatment strategies.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The prevalence of opioid tolerance, dependence, and use disorder is increasing among patients presenting for surgical care, yet perioperative management strategies for these patients remain inconsistent. This review examines the impact of preoperative opioid exposure on surgical outcomes, the scope of untreated opioid use disorder (OUD) among surgical patients, and advances in clinical and systems-level approaches to perioperative care. RECENT FINDINGS: Preoperative opioid exposure independently predicts worse surgical outcomes, including higher opioid consumption, readmissions, complications, and mortality, in a dose-dependent manner. Perioperative opioid exposure predicts persistent opioid use after surgery, with the duration of exposure a stronger predictor of subsequent OUD than daily dose. Data-driven prescribing guidelines and structured opioid tapering reduce overprescribing without compromising pain control. Among surgical patients with diagnosed OUD, approximately two-thirds do not receive medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), though treatment engagement and maintenance substantially improve outcomes. Evidence now clearly supports perioperative buprenorphine continuation over interruption. SUMMARY: Effective perioperative management of opioid-complex surgical patients requires systematic screening, evidence-based prescribing, MOUD continuation, and institutional infrastructure. The primary barrier is shifting from evidence generation to implementation.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

A new treatment strategy for hemophilia B: incorporation of factor IX into red cell ghosts.

Although patients with severe hemophilia B have lifelong spontaneous hemorrhage and crippling hemarthroses, patients with 0.01--0.03 U/ml Factor IX activity have a milder disease state. The clinical condition of severely affected individuals could potentially be improved by prolonging the half-life of transfused Factor IX. The feasibility of incorporating Factor IX into red cell ghosts was suggested by resealing experiments with similar sized molecules such as albumin. We have prepared resealed red cell ghosts containing human Factor IX and X. Human red cells were subjected to hypotonic lysis at 0 degrees C, pH 6.0. Commercial prothrombin complex concentrate was dissolved in the lysing medium immediately prior to the addition of the red cells. After being returned to isotonicity, the red cell ghosts were annealed at 37 degrees C for 30 minutes and then washed extensively. When intact red cell ghosts were tested, no Factor IX or X activity could be demonstrated. After disruption of the red cell ghost membranes with 3M urea or 2% Triton X-100, the procoagulants could be quantitatively recovered. Similar recovery of the clotting factors could be demonstrated from the lysate and the early wash samples. Red cells from Factor IX and X deficient patients served equally well as those from normal subjects. Red cell ghosts prepared in similar fashion but not exposed to the procoagulants had negligible clotting activity. We have demonstrated that human clotting factors can be incorporated into red cell ghosts. The ability of this system to prolong the biological half-life of Factor IX is under investigation.

Erythrocyte Membrane↗
PubMed2026

Early infantile developmental and epileptic encephalopathy: clinical spectrum, diagnosis, outcomes, and evolving treatment strategies.

Early infantile developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (EIDEE) is among the most severe epilepsy syndromes, with onset before three months of age and an estimated incidence of approximately 10 per 100,000 live births. The 2022 International League Against Epilepsy classification unified the historically distinct Ohtahara syndrome and early myoclonic encephalopathy under a single diagnostic framework defined by frequent drug-resistant tonic and/or myoclonic seizures, an abnormal neurological examination, and an abnormal interictal electroencephalogram-most characteristically a burst-suppression pattern. This narrative review synthesizes the clinical, electrophysiological, neuroimaging, genetic, and therapeutic literature within the EIDEE framework. The clinical phenotype is characterized by central hypotonia, postnatal microcephaly, cortical visual impairment, and age-dependent syndromic evolution toward infantile epileptic spasms syndrome or Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in the majority of patients. Electroencephalography remains essential for syndromic classification, while systematic metabolic screening and early trio whole-exome or whole-genome sequencing are central to the etiologic workup, achieving diagnostic yields of 60-65%. The most commonly identified genetic causes include STXBP1, KCNQ2, and SCN2A variants. Outcomes are poor overall and strongly etiology-dependent: vitamin-responsive disorders carry a substantially more favorable prognosis, whereas mortality reaches 25% in genetic cohorts. Genotype-guided pharmacotherapy is now applicable to a clinically meaningful subset of patients, with sodium channel blockers, potassium channel openers, and emerging antisense oligonucleotide therapies representing important therapeutic advances. Gene therapy trials are underway but have encountered early safety signals, underscoring the vulnerability of this population. Critical unmet needs include earlier molecular diagnosis, precision therapies targeting developmental outcomes beyond seizure control, and prospective international registries to characterize the long-term natural history of EIDEE.

Humans↗
PubMed2025

Clinicopathologic and genomic analyses of SMARCA4-mutated non-small cell lung carcinoma implicate the needs for tailored treatment strategies.

BACKGROUND: The clinicopathologic and therapeutic significance of SMARCA4 mutation in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) remains unclear. METHODS: We retrieved 575 NSCLC cases from the clinical target sequencing cohort (N = 2157) to compare the clinicopathologic characteristics of groups subclassified based on the presence of truncated or non-truncated SMARCA4 mutations (SMARCA4-truncated, SMARCA4-non-truncated, and SMARCA4-wild type [WT]). The differences in gene expression profiles between these groups were evaluated using the TCGA-LUAD dataset. RESULTS: Fifty (2.3%) SMARCA4-truncated and 63 (2.9%) SMARCA4-non-truncated NSCLCs were identified. The majority of SMARCA4-truncated NSCLCs were present in male smokers (94.0%) and pathologically diagnosed as adenocarcinoma (76.0%). The SMARCA4-truncated group showed rare targetable driver alterations with a higher tumor mutation burden than the SMARCA4-WT group. Gene expression profile analysis revealed that cancer/testis antigen (CTA) expression was enriched in the SMARCA4-truncated group, with up to 57% of the cases displaying immunoreactivities for MAGEA4, CT45A, and/or PRAME. The SMARCA4-non-truncated group showed heterogeneous clinicopathologic, genomic, and immunohistochemical features that fell between SMARCA4-truncated and WT groups. Both SMARCA4-truncated and non-truncated groups showed significantly poor prognosis with pemetrexed-platinum chemotherapy, yet there was no significant difference in survival following immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy. CONCLUSION: SMARCA4-truncated NSCLC represents a variant of driver-negative NSCLC, mainly occurring in male smokers with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma histology. In contrast, SMARCA4-non-truncated NSCLC indicates a heterogeneous subpopulation, exhibiting intermediate characteristics between the SMARCA4-truncated and SMARCA4-WT groups. While showing poor response to pemetrexed-platinum chemotherapy, increased CTA expression could be a novel therapeutic target in SMARCA4-mutated NSCLCs.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Treatment strategy for nodular renal blastema and nephroblastomatosis associated with Wilms' tumor.

Nodular renal blastema and nephroblastomatosis were present in 8 of 118 patients (6.8%) with Wilms' tumor. Five of these 8 patients (63%) had bilateral Wilms' tumors. Two had hemihypertrophy. Preoperative renal angiograms were accurate in detecting these metanephric anomalies. The surgical approach consisted of removal of the most diseased kidney and biopsy for diffuse tumors and wedge resections for localized tumors for the remaining kidney. Postoperatively, radiation was administered when tumor extended outside the kidney. Chemotherapy consisted of vincristine and dactinomycin for 18 mo and adriamycin for 6 mo. This method of management resulted in tumor-free survival of these 8 patients for 1--44 mo (median 24 mo). Nodular renal blastema and nephroblastomatosis may possibly develop into Wilms' tumor. All of these three conditions respond to surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. When a Wilms' tumor is encountered, it is better to explore and possibly biopsy the opposite kidney. There is a place for second-look laparotomy in this spectrum of congenital anomalies.

Child↗
PubMed2026

Molecular Pathogenesis, Global Epidemiological Trends, and Treatment Strategies for Pteropine Orthoreoviruses: A Narrative Review.

Pteropine orthoreoviruses are emerging bat-borne zoonotic viruses of the genus Orthoreovirus (family Reoviridae), increasingly recognized as causes of acute respiratory disease in humans. Originally grouped with the largely non-pathogenic mammalian orthoreoviruses, they have challenged that view through their association with severe influenza-like illness, evidence of human-to-human transmission, and a broad geographic range across the Old World. Maintained primarily in fruit bats of the family Pteropodidae, they are now linked to neurological as well as respiratory disease. This narrative review synthesizes current knowledge of their molecular pathogenesis, zoonotic ecology, and global epidemiology, integrating recent advances in phylogeography, reassortment-driven evolution, spillover dynamics, and translational biomedical applications within a unified One Health framework. Genomic diversity, reassortment potential, and the unique fusion-associated small transmembrane proteins together underpin viral adaptability and pathogenicity. Major gaps nonetheless remain in transmission dynamics, host adaptation, shedding ecology, and pandemic potential. Future priorities should include integrated genomic surveillance, improved diagnostic strategies, validated experimental models, and interdisciplinary One Health approaches to strengthen outbreak preparedness and prevention.

Bat-borne viruses↗
PubMed2026

An open-source clinical bioinformatics pipeline for real-world NGS implementation: translating genomic variants into actionable treatment strategies in oncology.

BACKGROUND: Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) has become a cornerstone technology in clinical practice, yet its adoption presents significant challenges. Physicians and oncologists must manage vast amounts of genome-scale data and transform it into actionable insights for complex decision-making. While commercial systems exist to synthesize data from NGS experiments into clinical reports, many are hindered by limitations such as closed-source designs that restrict transparency and customization. Additionally, some fail to leverage publicly available genomic databases, missing opportunities to integrate valuable external data. Furthermore, the rigidity of many tools in accommodating diverse NGS panels limits their applicability across varied clinical scenarios. METHODS: To address these limitations, we developed OncoReport, an open-source tool that generates comprehensive reports from NGS analyses. By integrating publicly accessible databases, OncoReport provides a robust, user-friendly environment equipped with essential tools for NGS analysis. This design aims to enhance data interpretation and support informed clinical decision-making. RESULTS: Rigorous testing has demonstrated OncoReport’s effectiveness in producing detailed, actionable reports that are clear and easy to use. By automating key aspects of the workflow, the tool significantly reduces manual effort and expedites the synthesis and interpretation of NGS results, making genomic insights more accessible to clinicians. CONCLUSION: OncoReport offers a transparent, flexible, and efficient framework for clinicians to analyze and apply genomic data in patient care. By streamlining workflows and leveraging open-source principles, it empowers healthcare professionals to make informed, data-driven decisions. OncoReport is freely available at https://oncoreport.atlas.dmi.unict.it, with source code and issue tracking on GitHub: https://github.com/knowmics-lab/oncoreport .

Humans↗
PubMed2026

HIV-Associated Lymphomas: Updates from Pathogenesis to Treatment Strategies.

HIV-associated lymphoma (HAL) is an aggressive malignancy directly linked to HIV infection and accounts for more than 30% of cancer-related deaths in people living with HIV (PLWH). HAL subtypes, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), Burkitt lymphoma (BL), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL), exhibit five to ten times higher incidence rates and distinct molecular profiles compared to HIV-negative lymphomas. Pathogenesis involves HIV-driven CD4+ T-cell depletion, chronic B-cell activation, and oncogenic viral coinfection. First-line therapy combines antiretroviral therapy (ART) with chemotherapy, achieving complete remission rates of 60-70% for DLBCL using R-EPOCH and 50-60% for BL with CODOX-M/IVAC. Relapsed/refractory cases show durable responses to CD19- CAR-T therapy; however, only 10% of HAL patients are enrolled in pivotal immunotherapy trials. Severe immunosuppression necessitates PET-CT-guided de-escalation and nanoparticlebased drug delivery systems to minimize toxicity. Emerging strategies include PD-1 inhibitors and broad-spectrum antivirals targeting HIV reservoirs, underscoring the need for precision medicine that integrates tumor genomics and viral dynamics.

Humans↗