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Results for “technical advance”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Angioscopy in endovascular surgery: recent technical advances to enhance intervention selection and failure analysis.

Recent technical and procedural modifications have greatly enhanced the usefulness of angioscopy during angioplasty. A pulsed irrigation system, proximal and distal blood flow control by pressure, and attention to sheath/vessel diameter ratio were incorporated into a study in which angioscopy was used for pretreatment assessment in 23 patients with symptomatic peripheral vascular disease presenting for initial (8 patients) evaluation or repeat treatment (15 patients) following a previous vascular procedure. Twenty-five lesions were examined with a 2.3 mm flexible angioscope equipped with an irrigating lumen; there were no complications attributable to angioscopy. The angioscope was useful in the characterization of lesions for selection of the recanalization technique. Lesions more amenable to initial atherectomy were visualized in 12 patients; 7 occlusions were successfully treated with laser/balloon angioplasty, with angioscopy assisting in probe and/or wire passage in 4 cases. Three late reocclusions were identified angioscopically as due solely to thrombosis, indicating the need for thrombolytic therapy. Angioscopy also identified 4 cases of incomplete recanalization despite a satisfactory arteriographic image. Angioscopy was also used to evaluate stenotic lesions unaccompanied by thrombus formation in patients previously treated with laser-assisted angioplasty. Histologic evaluation of the biopsied plaques identified intimal hyperplasia as the etiology, matching identically similar specimens harvested from a lesion treated with balloon dilation only.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Technical advances in the cytogenetic analysis of malignant tissues.

Successful cytogenetic analysis of malignant tissues using conventional techniques depends upon the presence of viable, dividing malignant cells in the sample, and the ability to obtain metaphase cells with good-quality chromosome banding. Even when these necessary conditions are met, many tumors have complex karyotypes that may be difficult to define completely or have subtle chromosomal abnormalities that are difficult to detect. Overall, determination of the karyotype of a malignant tissue is a time-consuming and labor-intensive process, and for some tumors, is associated with a significant technical failure rate. A number of new methods, which are reviewed in this article, have been developed recently that potentially will improve the speed, accuracy, and success rate of cytogenetic analysis of malignant tissues.

Cell Cycle↗
PubMed1992

Pathology of the mucous coat of trout skin during an erosive bacterial dermatitis: a technical advance in mucous coat stabilization for ultrastructural examination.

A fixation regime which combined cryopreservation, freeze drying and vapour fixation with osmium tetroxide, was found to preserve the mucous coat of trout skin for ambient temperature scanning electron microscopy. The regime was used to study changes to the mucous coat of trout skin during a spontaneous outbreak of "columnaris" disease--a common dermatitis of commercial salmonids associated with the bacterial pathogen Cytophaga columnaris. Infected and damaged regions of skin were covered by a mucous coat which differed from that which covered adjacent unaffected areas. In unaffected areas, the mucous coat topography was smooth and relatively featureless. In contrast, the mucous coat which covered damaged areas was fissured, cratered and contained exfoliated epithelial cells. Nevertheless, this study showed that even sites of extensive dermal ulceration, in which mucous cells had been destroyed, retained a partial mucous coat. This suggests that mucus, after secretion, flows over the skin surface, rather than functioning only near the site of production. Because of the various protective functions attributed to the mucous coat, its partial presence over areas of skin damage would contribute to defence against secondary pathogens and to the prevention of excess movement of ions and water at these sites. The technical development in mucous stabilization, described in this paper, will provide a means for examining morphological changes to the mucous coat of fish skin in response to a range of stimuli in future studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Technical advances in resection and graft replacement of thoracic, abdominal, peripheral aneurysms.

Condition we now term aneurysm, deriving from the Greek word for "a sidening," has been recognized since the earliest days of medical history. The predilection of such lesions to rupture, with resultant hemorrhage, thrombosis, and distal ischemia, has led to constant attempts at surgical management, including ligation and incision, wrapping, wiring, plasticizing, packing, obliterative and reconstructive endoaneurysmorrhaphy, and a wide variety of procedures both ingenious and ingenuous. Modern treatment depends on minimal dissection, to obtain proximal and distal control, incision of only the anterior wall, and every attempt to maintain the integrity of the major portion of the involved vessel. A technique of intrasaccular interpolative anastomosis is used, taking deep and generous. The posterior wall of the aneurysm supports the suture lines and splints the graft firmly. Coverage of the graft with the residual sac protects the surrounding organs, minimizing possible complications. The method is applicable to aneurysms of a variety of anatomic sites, even in the presence of dissection, except those aneurysms involving the transverse aortic arch and thoracoabdominal aneurysms involving major visceral branches. Finally, the described techniques lend themselves easily to any sizable peripheral aneurysm and are simpler and safer than other surgical modalities such as total extirpation and bypass procedures.

Aneurysm↗
PubMed2026

The Gyrolab platform for immunogenicity assessment and biotherapeutic and biomarker analysis: technical advances and bioanalytical applications.

Gyrolab is an automated ligand‑binding assay platform designed for the quantification of proteins with high sensitivity and broad dynamic range. Its low minimum required dilution and microfluidic disc format enable efficient sample processing while maintaining assay robustness, making it a valuable tool across drug‑development stages. This review summarizes published applications of Gyrolab for pharmacokinetic and toxicokinetic analysis and immunogenicity assessment through anti‑drug antibody detection. In addition, the platform's high-volume assay discs have facilitated its use in biomarker studies, allowing quantification of low‑abundance analytes. Representative examples from the literature are presented together with key assay elements, including analytes, matrices, dynamic ranges, and critical reagents. Because assay replicates remain an important consideration for Gyrolab workflows, recent publications addressing singlet versus duplicate strategies and their impact on data interpretation are also discussed. Finally, we provide real analytical data visualized using a three‑dimensional Gyrolab viewer to illustrate variability in duplicate measurements and to highlight future opportunities for improving assay reliability.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Rapid admixture blood warming: technical advances.

The technique of rapid admixture blood warming of cold erythrocyte units is designed to warm erythrocyte units rapidly (less than 30 sec) while simultaneously providing saline for dilution. However, questions have been raised about the recommended use of a standard 250-ml bolus of 70 degrees C admixture saline, the uniformity and speed of blood unit warming, the difficulties inherent in keeping saline bags at 70 degrees C, and the safety of the methodology. To answer these questions, a series of tests were performed and modifications of the technique were introduced. The mean weight of 1000 successive units of erythrocytes for adult infusion was 305 g (range 220 to 410). The maximum temperature was 44 degrees C, using an internal temperature probe (1-cm temperature gradations; 2-sec recording intervals) when the smallest unit was admixed with a 250 ml 70 degrees C saline bolus; the largest unit had a minimum temperature of 30 degrees C. Plasma Hgb, osmotic fragility, and K of the minimum size erythrocyte unit showed no significant deviation from its control. Both thermographic photographs and the internal temperature recordings of the erythrocyte units demonstrated that solely due to fluid turbulence, uniform mixing occurs within approximately 30 sec of beginning the admixture process. Inverting the blood units caused a thermal layering of fluids and an unacceptable maximum blood temperature of 50 degrees C. There was no difference between the mixing time or efficacy in the presence of standard or large-bore iv tubing or additional in-line filters. Volumes of the 250-ml saline bags for admixture decreased markedly with deviations in electrolyte composition after greater than 2 wk at 70 degrees C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMed1992

Technical advances in transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts.

A transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) can be created percutaneously with the Palmaz balloon-expandable stent. This article describes a transjugular-only approach with a 16-gauge needle. A functional and efficacious shunt can be achieved in most cases with stent diameters of 8-10 mm. Occasionally, a 12-mm-diameter shunt is necessary for effective variceal decompression. The procedure is considered successful when the portosystemic gradient is lowered to 12 mm Hg or less after stent placement. Hepatic vein stenosis in the shunt outflow can develop after the TIPs procedure. This complication has been treated successfully with additional stent placement. TIPS can undoubtedly be performed successfully and safely with a transjugular-only approach; however, the full impact of TIPS on the treatment of portal hypertension remains to be determined.

Esophageal and Gastric Varices↗
PubMed1992

Technical advances in intra-oral model systems used to assess cariogenicity: experimental design and analysis (reactor paper).

In situ cariogenicity-testing models must show evidence of compliance with valid clinical parameters, and this has been achieved with respect to pyrophosphate-, monofluorophosphate-, and zinc citrate trihydrate-containing dentifrices, where earlier in vitro studies failed to predict clinical efficacy. Parameters for validity testing should include the use of enamel fluoride uptake, plaque and/or saliva fluoride assessments, re-/demineralization assays of appliance-borne enamel slabs or slices, and plaque microbial, biochemical, and pH studies. Model reliability must be capable of withstanding repeat calibration experiments where the dosage, frequency of application, and/or duration of exposure to a new product may be varied. Furthermore, the number of enamel slabs/slices carried per appliance (and the number of artificial caries lesions per enamel insert) requires to be defined. Such studies should be repeated, but whether in the same or different subjects, or with or without cross-over, has to be determined. However, the capability of reproducing a clinically proven dose-response is essential. Models must be sensitive enough to detect changes in any test product F-concentration, but only equivalence claims should be permitted. Thus, superiority cannot be established, since accuracy may not be assumed beyond the upward limits of a clinically validated range. Finally, models should not be so exclusive in design as to preclude independent verification of their findings.

Dental Caries↗
PubMed1975

Trachoma organisms: technical advances in laboratory diagnosis.

New knowledge of the microbiology and immunology of Chlamydia is reviewed. New serological and isolation methods for diagnosis of Trachoma infection are described. Results of studies of ocular and genital Trachoma infection utilizing these new techniques are presented.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Recent technical advances in portable oxygen delivery systems].

According to a Japanese national survey (June 30, 1990), the number of patients receiving home oxygen therapy (HOT) has been greater than 18,000 since March 1985, when HOT was first covered by health insurance. The oxygen concentrator, especially the molecular sieve type, is the most common method of delivery (more than 90%). In April 1988, the portable oxygen cylinder was acknowledged by health insurance, and the liquid oxygen supply system in April 1990. Three types of portable oxygen delivery systems are available; oxygen cyclinder, liquid oxygen system, and oxygen concentrator (membrane type), of which the oxygen cylinder is most commonly used. In our hospital, portable oxygen supply systems were used in 80% of 168 HOT cases in 1990, and the use of 400 L aluminum oxygen cylinders at a flow rate of 1-2 L/min has been most popular. There is an strong desire from patients for lighter portable oxygen supply system of longer duration. In 19 patients with chronic respiratory failure, we evaluated a newly designed demand oxygen delivery system (DODS), which weighs 2.4 kg including the DOD device (TER-20 Teijin), 1.1 L oxygen cylinder made of ultressor, nasal cannula, and carrier. Arterial blood gases at rest (room air) were PaO2 61.9 +/- 6.3 torr, PaCO2 63.8 +/- 9.4 torr and pH 7.40 +/- 0.04. A crossover trial was performed under three conditions; breathing room air with no weight, and pulse oxygen flow and continuous oxygen flow each carrying 2.4 kg of weight. Both 6 minute walking (E1) and walking on a slow speed treadmill (E2) were studied.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Female↗
PubMed1992

Technical advances in magnetic resonance imaging.

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging continues to develop at a rapid rate. Major new innovations include functional neuroimaging, fast spin-echo, magnetization transfer, the fluid attenuated inversion recovery sequence, MR angiography and measurement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow. Further developments of functional imaging and interventional techniques are expected.

Central Nervous System↗