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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Detection of antibody to bovine syncytial virus and respiratory syncytial virus in bovine fetal serum.

Batches of commercial fetal bovine serum, described by the suppliers as antibody-free, all contained antibody to bovine syncytial virus (BSV) when tested by indirect immunofluorescence. Antibody to bovine respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was not detected in these sera. Twenty-four percent of individual fetal bovine sera contained antibody to BSV, and 14% contained antibody to RSV when tested by indirect immunofluorescence. BSV antibody titers in fetal sera from dams with high BSV antibody levels were variable but always higher than RSV antibody titers. Radial immunodiffusion studies with BSV-positive sera revealed the presence of immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgG, and IgA, but the quantity of these immunoglobulins was not directly related to the BSV antibody titers. The evidence suggests that the antibody present in fetal sera arose as the result of infection rather than from maternal transfer across the placenta.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Respiratory syncytial virus infection: admissions to hospital in industrial, urban, and rural areas. Report to the Medical Research Council Subcommittee on Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines.

A collaborative study of 10 centres during the winters of 1973-4 and 1974-5 showed that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was the major cause of admission to hospital for respiratory disease in children under 5 years of age in industrial, urban, and rural communities. In all areas the distribution of clinical symptoms and their severity was similar, but the rate of admission in relation to population was over twice as high in industrial as in other areas. The maximum yearly admission rate occurred among infants aged 1 to 3 months: 24.5 per 1000 of that age group were admitted to hospital. Two methods of diagnosing RSV infection--virus isolation and immunofluorescence from postnasal aspirates--were compared, and the two methods were found to agree in 91% of cases. The results of this study confirmed the importance of RSV as a respiratory pathogen in young children. Further studies are needed to determine how the virus produces its effects and to develop preventive measures.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

A syncytium regression test to detect antibodies to bovine syncytial virus.

A test to detect antibodies to bovine syncytial virus was developed from the observation that syncytia in monolayer cell cultures infected with bovine syncytial virus regress and disappear in the presence of bovine syncytial virus antibodies. The test is useful in monitoring the presence of bovine syncytial virus and bovine syncytial virus antibodies in cattle used in studies on bovine leukosis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Serological studies of the role of the respiratory syncytial virus in acute respiratory diseases in children].

The presence of the syncytial respiratory virus was determined by CF in 281 children admitted with acute respiratory diseases between 15 Sept. 1971 and 30 Dec. 1973, using the Long antigen prepared in the "St. Nicolau" Institute of Virology, Bucharest. In 38 children (13.5%) a serologic diagnosis of infection with the syncytial virus was established; in the other cases of respiratory infection of different etiology, antibodies to the syncytial virus were found in low but constant titers in both serum samples. The presence of these antibodies in a high proportion of the children points to the wide circulation of the syncytial virus in the infantile population, with all its clinico-epidemiologic implications.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measurement of serological response to respiratory syncytial virus infection.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was applied to the detection of serum antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus. The end points of the various sera tested in the assay were approximately 100 times higher than in the complement-fixation test and 2 to 4 times higher than in the plaque reduction test. In addition, the immunosorbent assay appeared to be more efficient than the plaque reduction and complement-fixation techniques for detecting a serological response in young infants (1 to 6 months old) with serous respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory disease. The simplicity, sensitivity, and rapidity of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay make it a useful tool for immunological studies with respiratory syncytial virus.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1978

Pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in ferret and fetal human tracheas in organ culture.

The pathogenesis of human respiratory syncytial virus infection was studied in ferret and fetal human tracheas in organ culture. Although the patterns of virus growth were similar in these species, the sites and morphologic consequences of virus replication differed markedly. In human trachea, synthesis of respiratory syncytial virus occurred in a population of ciliated epithelial cells, whereas other cells in the epithelial layer were spared. Virus replication was associated with cell injury characterized by ballooning degeneration and syncytium formation. In ferret trachea, virus growth occurred in fibroblasts of the lamina propria and serosa. Ciliated epithelial cells did not contain viral antigen and remained histologically normal. These observations are relevant to understanding the pathogenesis of human disease and the evaluation of animal models of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Respiratory syncytial virus infection in adults: clinical, virologic, and serial pulmonary function studies.

We prospectively studied 10 previously healthy adults who developed an acute respiratory illness while working in an infants' ward during a community outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus infection. In addition to clinical and viral evaluation, total respiratory resistance before and after carbachol aerosol inhalation was measured. All 10 subjects had respiratory syncytial virus infection documented by viral isolation, and all developed pronounced cough, nasal congestion, and fever. Eight subjects missed work for an average of 6 days. In all 10 patients, the total respiratory resistance was significantly elevated through 8 weeks. Altered airway reactivity, characterized by exaggerated responses of pulmonary resistance to carbachol challenge, was also observed through the first 8 weeks of evaluation. In this group, respiratory syncytial virus produced a protracted illness associated with appreciable morbidity. The pathophysiologic mechanism of this illness in part appeared to arise from altered airway reactivity.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2026

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in older adults: from infection to outcomes - who gets sick, who gets hospitalized, who survives?

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a virus responsible for acute respiratory infections and is widely recognized as a major pathogen in the paediatric population. Thus, the burden of RSV in the adult population remains poorly understood, as epidemiological studies mainly rely on PMSI (Medicalization of Information Systems Program) data, which are coded for economic purposes, and because many adults RSV infections remain underdiagnosed. The aim of this study was to describe epidemiological and clinical characteristics of RSV infections in elderly population across four university hospitals in north-western France during the 2022-2023 epidemic season. This retrospective cohort included all patients aged 60 years and older who tested positive for RSV between September 1st, 2022, and January 31st, 2023, in four university hospitals. Viral detection was performed using molecular assays on respiratory samples. Clinical, demographic, biological, and coding data were collected from medical records and hospital information systems. Outcomes included need for oxygen therapy, intensive care admission, in-hospital mortality, length of stay, readmission within 90 days for a respiratory or cardiac reason, and changes in living arrangements. Statistical analyses used descriptive methods and standard tests for comparisons. A total of 647 patients were included. The mean age was 77.8 years, and most patients had at least one chronic medical condition, primarily respiratory or cardiac. 508 (78.5%) patients were hospitalized. The mean hospital stay was 16.2 days, and oxygen therapy was required in 68.3% of cases. In-hospital mortality reached 11.0%. Among survivors, 38.0% were readmitted within 90 days for a respiratory or cardiac reason. A notable proportion of patients experienced a loss of autonomy leading to institutional placement at discharge. RSV was coded in the PMSI database as a diagnosis in approximately two-thirds of hospitalizations, with substantial variations between centers. RSV infection in older adults was associated with significant morbidity, prolonged hospitalization, and a frequent decline in functional status. The study also identified heterogeneity in coding practices and emphasized limitations of PMSI data for capturing respiratory syncytial virus burden. These findings support the need for expanded screening, along with targeted preventive strategies and structured post-discharge follow-up to reduce the long-term burden of RSV in older populations.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Respiratory syncytial virus infection. Rapid diagnosis in children by use of indirect immunofluorescence.

Specimens of 387 nasopharyngeal suction smears obtained from 354 children hospitalized with acute respiratory infections during an eight-month period were examined for the presence of respiratory syncytial (RS) virus by the indirect immunofluorescence antibody technique (IFAT) and by conventional tissue culture infectivity techniques. Respiratory syncytial virus was identified in nasopharyngeal suction smear specimens from 123 of these specimens (32%) with the use of both techniques. Of the specimens positive on tissue culture 92% were also positive for RS virus by IFAT. However, eight specimens positive for RS virus by tissue culture were negative by IFAT, although three of the specimens were technically unsuitable. Six percent of the specimens negative for RS virus by tissue culture were positive for RS virus antigen when tested by IFAT. Using IFAT, identification of RS virus could be accomplished within four to six hours, whereas isolation by tissue culture took an average period of ten days. These data suggest that IFAT is a reliable means for the rapid diagnosis of RS virus infection in infants and children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Experimental respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in cebus monkeys.

Into 14 juvenile cebus monkeys that lacked serum antibodies for RS virus 10(8) plaque-forming units (pfu) of wild-type respiratory syncytial (RS) virus were inoculated transtracheally. Roentgenographic evidence of pneumonia developed in 13 of 14 infected animals. Gross pathologic changes occurred in each of the 13 monkeys that were sacrificed. Patchy areas of red consolidation were seen in the lower lobes 24 hours after inoculation, and there was progression to gray consolidation seven days later. Each of the infected animals had histologic evidence of interstitial pneumonia. Changes were detected in the lung as early as 24 hours after inoculation; they consisted primarily of infiltration of the alveolar wall. By the fourth to sixth day after inoculation there was marked interstitial thickening, pulmonary consolidation, formation of multinucleated giant cells and development of eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies within alveolar cells. RS viral antigens, detected by indirect immunofluorescence, were distributed throughout cells of the alveolar wall and the bronchiolar epithelium. The virus grew to highest titer in the lungs on the fourth to sixth day after inoculation; up to 10(8) pfu/gram of tissue were detected. The cebus monkey represents the first experimental host to develop extensive pulmonary lesions during infection with respiratory syncytial virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Respiratory syncytial virus infections within families.

To examine intrafamily spread of respiratory syncytial virus infections and their associated illnesses, 36 families with 188 members were studied during an outbreak of such infections. Nurses visited every three to four days to obtain specimens for viral isolation and interview household members. The virus infected 44.4 per cent of families, and 21.9 per cent of all members. All age groups had appreciable attack rates (with a range of 16.8 per cent in adults to 29.4 per cent in infants). In infected families, 45.9 per cent of members became infected, including 10 of 16 infants. Secondary attack rate for all ages was 27 per cent, and that for infants 45.4 per cent. An infant's older sibling appeared most likely to introduce the virus into the family. Associated acute respiratory illnesses occurred in 94.9 per cent of cases, and appeared more severe than those not associated with respiratory syncytial virus. When the virus was introduced into a family the high attack rate produced an illness of age-related severity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Presumed respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in an adolescent compromised host.

A 15-year-old boy with nephrotic syndrome, renal insufficiency, and cutaneous anergy had severe pneumonia with pleural effusion. There was serologic evidence of respiratory syncytial virus infection, and extensive microbiologic, histologic, and serologic studies failed to identify any other etiologic agent. Respiratory syncytial virus as a possible cause of severe pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts has not been previously reported.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Virus development in enucleate cells: echovirus, poliovirus, pseudorabies virus, reovirus, respiratory syncytial virus and Semliki Forest virus.

A group of RNA viruses, echovirus, poliovirus, reovirus, respiratory syncytial virus and Semliki Forest virus have been examined for ability to grow in enucleate African green monkey kidney (BSCi) cells. Semliki Forest virus produced an almost normal yield of virus but poliovirus, echovirus, reovirus and respiratory syncytial virus, although showing clear evidence of virus replication when compared with a nuclear DNA virus (pseudorabies virus) gave much lower yields than those from nucleate cells. Analysis of enucleate cells infected with echovirus and reovirus showed no evidence of a specific block in the synthesis of any virus-specified polypeptide. Infection with vesicular stomatitis virus at intervals after enucleation demonstrated a diminishing ability to support virus growth with increasing time. It is suggested that the yield of virus obtained from an enucleate cell is related to the length of the growth cycle of the virus, the reduced yield obtained with some viruses reflecting the declining ability of the enucleate cell to support virus growth.

Autoradiography↗
PubMed1979

Respiratory syncytial virus infection in owl monkeys: viral shedding, immunological response, and associated illness caused by wild-type virus and two temperature-sensitive mutants.

Intranasal inoculation of owl monkeys with wild-type respiratory syncytial virus induced upper respiratory tract disease in each of seven animals. The response of owl monkeys to two highly defective, temperature-sensitive, multiple-lesion mutants was then compared to the pattern seen with wild-type respiratory syncytial virus. These mutants, ts-1 NG-1 and ts-1 NG-16, were derived from the ts-1 mutant that had been remutagenized with nitrosoguanidine (NG). Previously the ts-1 NG-1 and ts-1 NG-16 mutants had been shown to be more temperature sensitive and more stable genetically than their ts-1 parent. Both ts-1 NG-1 and ts-1 NG-16 produced infection that was delayed in onsent compared to wild-type virus infection. However, the mutants were shed from the upper respiratory tract for the same period of time and at the same titer as wild-type virus. The serum neutralizing antibody response to infection with the mutants was nearly equivalent to that elicited by wild-type virus. However, the extent of disease induced by the mutants was significantly less than that seen with wild-type virus. These observations suggest that the mutants are potential vaccine condidates and should be subjected to additional in vivo testing in primates and, ultimately, humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection of bovine embryonic lung cultures: a kinetic study by the fluorescent antibody technique.

Development of fluorescence in bovine embryonic lung cells infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) was studied by the fluorescent antibody (FA) test. Similar patterns of fluorescence were seen with the direct FA test, in which the immunoglobulin G fraction of antiserum to BRSV was conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate and used; and the indirect test, in which antiserum to the Long strain of respiratory syncytial virus and fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G were used. In different trials, fluorescence was first detected between 16 and 18 hours after inoculation with BRSV. Fluorescence always was confined to the cytoplasm. Before 24 hours, fluorescence consisted of fine fibrils, usually parallel to the long axis of the cell, and cytoplasmic granules. After 24 hours, coincident with rounding of the cells, fluorescence slowly moved to the periphery of the cytoplasm. Under the growth conditions used, syncytia did not develop. By the FA test and as determined by the release of BRSV into the supernatant fluid, the minimal time for a single cycle of infection was between 24 and 26 hours.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1979

Immunoprophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in the infant ferret.

Infant ferrets can be protected from respiratory syncytical virus challenge at 3 days of age by gestational infection of their mothers. Ferrets acquire their immunity to respiratory syncytial virus postpartum via immunizing products of lactation. The level of protection against viral replication correlates with the maternal serum neutralizing titer or a concomitant factor. Passive administration of adult ferret serum with a neutralizing titer of 1:1024 or greater, either i.p. or orally does not confer immunity. A nonantibody-mediated protective mechanism appears to play an important role in protecting the infant ferret from respiratory syncytial virus replication. Our findings allow the testing of the efficacy of future human vaccines before human clinical trial.

Aging↗
PubMed1979

Characterization and identification of a bovine respiratory syncytial virus isolated from young calves.

Two identical viruses designated 371 and 375 were recovered from nasal secretions of 2 of 7 calves in a beef cow-calf herd in which calves (45 to 105 days of age) had signs of acute respiratory tract disease. The cytopathic, morphologic and physico-chemical characteristics of the isolates were those of bovine respiratory syncytial virus. Although a humoral antibody response to bovine respiratory syncytial virus was not observed, it was concluded that this virus probably had a part in the respiratory tract disease in these calves.

Animals↗