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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

[Success and apparent success resulting from early cancer diagnosis (author's transl)].

Cancer screening techniques are of great value in improving the results of treatment of various tumours. Unfortunately screening and early diagnosis of cancers does not improve the prognosis in every case. Early diagnosis may lead to an apparent success without affecting the final outcome of treatment. Early diagnosis may even be harmful to the patient if the diagnostic and therapeutic methods lead to dissemination of the tumour, as has been shown by a number of authors. Consequently cancer screening and early diagnosis should be confined to those selected tumours which are not affected adversely by diagnostic methods.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed2026

Weathering the storm: Most maternal and environmental drivers of individual reproductive success do not scale up to population recruitment in a large herbivore.

Population growth depends upon individual survival and reproduction, but do drivers of individual reproductive success scale up to population recruitment? Factors affecting individuals may have little effect on population dynamics if individuals within a population experience different conditions. When seasonal resource availability is unpredictable and breeding season long, average conditions over a breeding cycle may poorly reflect the environment experienced by many individuals. We compared the drivers of individual reproductive success and population recruitment in an asynchronously breeding large herbivore, the eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus). We analysed 18 years of individual-based data using multivariate hierarchical Bayesian models to first identify the causal mechanisms relating population density, environmental conditions and maternal traits to individual success. We then assessed whether the drivers of individual reproductive success scaled up to determine population recruitment. Most maternal and environmental covariates strongly influenced individual reproductive success, with distinct effects on juvenile survival before and after pouch exit. Maternal traits had a greater influence in the pouch, whereas environmental conditions became increasingly important once young exited the pouch. Most drivers of individual reproductive success did not affect population recruitment. Recruitment increased with population density and mean body condition of adult females. Weather harshness had a weak positive effect on recruitment, which appeared independent of female age structure, previous recruitment or forage. Most drivers of individual reproductive success did not scale up to population recruitment. Birth asynchrony could buffer population recruitment against environmental variation such that variables affecting individual reproduction have little impact at the population level. Large herbivores that reproduce asynchronously may therefore be more resilient to environmental variability than synchronous breeders.

Bayesian modelling↗
PubMed1979

Factors influencing the success of ventricular defibrillation in man.

To define the factors influencing the success of emergency ventricular defibrillation, we identified 52 patients defibrillated at the University of Iowa Hospital during 1974--1976. Thirty-eight patients were successfully defibrillated at least once; 14 could not be defibrillated, despite multiple attempts. Comparisons between these groups revealed no significant differences in body weight, heart weight, energy per kilogram of body weight and energy per gram of heart weight. Factors that militated against successful defibrillation included a prolonged delay before the first defibrillatory shock (successful 7 +/- 7 minutes (SD); unsuccessful 17 +/- 13 minutes, p less than 0.001), acidosis (successful pH 7.36 +/- 0.22; unsuccessful pH 7.23 +/- 0.12, p = 0.05) and hypoxia (successful PO2 100 + 98 torr; unsuccessful PO2 40 +/- 67 torr; p = 0.06). These three conditions tended to occur together in individual patients. Metabolic factors are important in determining defibrillation success; however, the role of high-energy doses is uncertain.

Acidosis↗
PubMed2026

Impact of Integrated Continuous Team Midwifery Care on Breastfeeding Success within the Iranian Health System: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

INTRODUCTION: Supporting women during the perinatal period helps build confidence, strengthens early bonding between mother and baby, and encourages successful breastfeeding. Continuous midwifery care models are one of the ways that support women in this periods. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of integrated continuous team midwifery care (ICTMC) in enhancing breastfeeding success in the Iranian health system. METHODS: In this randomized controlled trial, 200 low-risk primiparous women with a gestational age of less than 12 weeks were recruited from public health centers. Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention group, which received continuous midwifery care throughout pregnancy, childbirth, and postnatal follow-up, or the control group, which received routine care. The primary outcomes were early skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding success at the time of discharge and at 4-6 weeks postpartum. Data were analyzed using Stata, employing descriptive statistics, Chi-square, independent t-test, Phi/Cramer's V, and Cohen's d. The p < 0.05 is significant. Data were analyzed with SPSS 26. RESULTS: ICTMC groups were significantly more likely to initiate skin-to-skin contactearly skin-to-skin contact immediately after birth (92% vs. 74%, p < 0.001) and achieve successful breastfeeding at the discharge time (88% vs. 70%, p = 0.002) compared to the control group. At 6 weeks postpartum, breastfeeding success remained higher in the intervention group (82% vs. 65%, p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: Women with ICTMC, effectively support skin-to-skin contactearly mother-infant bonding and enhance breastfeeding success among low-risk primiparous women. Integrating this model into routine maternal care may improve perinatal outcomes.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

Behavioral and fantasy measures of fear of success in children.

Fear of success was assessed for 61 fifth-, seventh-, and ninth-grade children using Horner's and Baruch's "fantasy" measures and a behavioral measure developed by the authors. Males and females did not differ significantly on fear of success as measured by the fantasy technique. Developmentally, male fear of success remained unchanged in the three grades tested, while female fear of success decreased from grade 5 to grade 7. The behavioral measure of fear of success tapped a drop in achievement striving in grade 7 for the female subjects. Results are discussed in light of a "situational" versus personality theory of the development of fear of success.

Achievement↗
PubMed1978

Fear of success-fact or artifact?

Each of 240 high school juniors and seniors wrote stories in response to one of four variations of the story cues used by Matina Horner to measure what has been called "fear of success." These cues described either Ann or John achieving success in medical school in a situation in which either all of the protagonist's classmates were men or there were equal numbers of men and women. Six different consequences of the success were assessed. Results indicated that male and female students perceived the depicted success in similar ways and that when the "deviance" aspect of Ann being alone in a class of men was removed, negative outcomes of success were lessened. The common interpretation of these stories as the writers' projections of their own personalities is challenged.

Achievement↗
PubMed1979

Attribution for success and failure as a function of perceived age.

Based on an attributional model of achievement-related behavior, it was predicted that success on the part of a young person and failure on the part of an old person, being expected outcomes, would be attributed to stable causes, whereas success on the part of an old person and failure on the part of a young person, being unexpected outcomes, would be attributed to unstable causes. Using a between-subjects experimental design, subjects were asked to estimate the probability that a young vs an old stimulus person would succeed in college and to judge the causes for his success or failure. Although there occurred no differences as a function of age in expectancy of success or attributions for success, failure on the part of the old stimulus person was attributed more to the stable causes of lack of ability and task difficulty, while failure on the part of the young stimulus person was attributed more to the unstable cause of lack of effort. The results were discussed in terms of those conditions under which negative stereotypes concerning the competency of the elderly will be considered appropriate and thereby exert an influence on evaluations.

Achievement↗
PubMed1978

Sex differences in 'fear of success' among British students.

Using a measure derived from Horner's studies of 'fear of success', the attitudes of three groups of British undergraduates towards success and failure were investigated. The results indicate ambivalence towards success and failure among both sexes, but neither the numerical analysis nor the kinds of responses indicated much of the overt sex-stereotype-based 'fear of success' found in the earlier American studies. Both sexes indicated some disillusionment with the 'success ethic'. Males showed somewhat greater anxiety about failure.

Achievement↗
PubMed1979

Introduction of central venous pressure catheters through arm veins with a high success rate.

Studies were carried out to develop a more successful method of inserting central venous catheters through arm veins without using electrocardiographic or fluoroscopic monitoring. It was found that a running infusion attached to a Sorensen catheter gave a success rate of 48 per cent. The highest success rates (98 per cent) occurred when the basilic vein was used, with the patient positioned so that the upper part of the body was raised at 45-90 degrees to the horizontal and using a Bardic 16 gauge catheter with a special insertion technique, which is described. This represents a great improvement over the usual success rate of 70 to 80 per cent.

Arm↗
PubMed1979

Hidden stresses in success.

There are many measures of success. For example, Logan Pearsall Smith, the English essayist, wrote: "How can they say my life is not a success? Have I not for more than sixty years got enough to eat and escaped being eaten?" (quoted in Flesch). Conventional measures of success include the attainment of wealth, position, esteem, favor, or eminence, but these things without an accompanying enforcement of self-esteem cause stress--emotional discomfort or strain. Self-esteem, then, is perhaps the essence of the conscious, pleasurable experiencing of success.

Achievement↗
PubMed2026

Maternal contact and age-dependent succession influence the assembly of the calf rumen microbiome and virome.

Early-life colonization of the rumen is particularly important; however, the processes by which microbial and viral communities are transmitted and developed remain poorly understood. Here, we present a genome-resolved investigation of the effects of maternal contact and age-dependent succession on the calf rumen microbiome and DNA virome by comparing calves raised with or without maternal contact across early life using the metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) and viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs) reconstructed from whole- and virus-like particle metagenomes. Across longitudinal samples from calves and their mothers, we identified 694 MAGs and 30,479 vOTUs, substantially expanding current genome databases and revealing extensive microbial and viral novelty. Our analyses demonstrated that both prokaryotes and DNA viruses are shared between dams and calves, with greater sharing observed in calves raised with maternal contact than in calves raised without maternal contact. Notably, viral sharing between cow-calf pairs was markedly lower compared to prokaryotes, suggesting high turnover and rapid viral diversification. Age-associated analyses further revealed coordinated shifts in prokaryotes and their viruses, with dominant genera such as Prevotella, Ruminococcus, and Fibrobacter, and their corresponding viruses increasing after day 40. These findings indicate that the early-life rumen microbiome and DNA virome undergo substantial age-dependent succession and are associated with maternal contact, providing new insights into host-microbe-virus interactions during rumen development.IMPORTANCEThis study provides one of the first genome-resolved views of DNA viral community development during early rumen colonization in calves (from 1 week to 70 days of age) and reveals how maternal contact and age influence the establishment of the calf rumen microbiome and virome. By analyzing longitudinal samples from calves raised with or without their mothers, we show that prokaryotes and their viruses undergo coordinated, age-dependent succession. Our results demonstrate that maternal separation alters the assembly of the calf rumen microbiome, highlighting the influence of maternal contact during early-life rumen development. These findings underscore the high plasticity of the early-life rumen ecosystem and suggest that early management practices, such as maternal separation, can have lasting effects on rumen development. This work provides fundamental insights into the establishment and succession of the calf rumen microbiome and DNA virome during early life and may contribute to future microbiome manipulation studies.

Animals↗
PubMed2010

AAV's anatomy: roadmap for optimizing vectors for translational success.

Adeno-Associated Virus based vectors (rAAV) are advantageous for human gene therapy due to low inflammatory responses, lack of toxicity, natural persistence, and ability to transencapsidate the genome allowing large variations in vector biology and tropism. Over sixty clinical trials have been conducted using rAAV serotype 2 for gene delivery with a number demonstrating success in immunoprivileged sites, including the retina and the CNS. Furthermore, an increasing number of trials have been initiated utilizing other serotypes of AAV to exploit vector tropism, trafficking, and expression efficiency. While these trials have demonstrated success in safety with emerging success in clinical outcomes, one benefit has been identification of issues associated with vector administration in humans (e.g. the role of pre-existing antibody responses, loss of transgene expression in non-immunoprivileged sites, and low transgene expression levels). For these reasons, several strategies are being used to optimize rAAV vectors, ranging from addition of exogenous agents for immune evasion to optimization of the transgene cassette for enhanced therapeutic output. By far, the vast majority of approaches have focused on genetic manipulation of the viral capsid. These methods include rational mutagenesis, engineering of targeting peptides, generation of chimeric particles, library and directed evolution approaches, as well as immune evasion modifications. Overall, these modifications have created a new repertoire of AAV vectors with improved targeting, transgene expression, and immune evasion. Continued work in these areas should synergize strategies to improve capsids and transgene cassettes that will eventually lead to optimized vectors ideally suited for translational success.

Cystic Fibrosis↗
PubMed1978

Elimination of contamination without caesarian derivation--success or failure?

Unfortunately, only successes tend to be published, so we are denied knowledge of partial successes and failures regarding SPF unit breakdowns. If more workers were prepared to be open about their partial successes, a combination of various techniques are appropriate to the case, could prove to be most successful. Each SPF colony is different and must be considered on its merits, nature of contamination, species and strains of animals and so on, but it would seem that caesarian derivation is not now always the only course of action.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

ODWIN expansion program: a study in success.

Of 182 students who successfully completed an eight-week program for high school graduates with marginal credentials and who were admitted to schools of nursing, 125 (69 percent) subsequently received degrees or certificates. This success rate compares favorably with national and regional norms. This study documents the marginality of the students' credentials and evaluates their success rates. Of 11 academic variables correlated with successful completion of nursing programs, the two subjective evaluations of each student by the academic personnel teaching the eight-week program were the only variables to reach significance (p = .01).

Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate↗
PubMed1977

Physiological and morphological factors associated with successful fencing performance.

The relation between fencing success during a season of intercollegiate competition and various physiological and morphological variables were determined in 14 fencers. Bivariate and multiple regression analysis was used to determine the extent to which the independent variables, individually and collectively, accounted for the variance in two measures of fencing success. The fencing scores correlated significantly with VE max, Vo2 max, the 2 km run, and weight, while there was no significant correlation between the fencing scores and submaximal heart rate at 6 mph, and 1 min steptest score, or other morphological measurements. Cardiorespiratory fitness variables of Vo2 max and VE max accounted for the greatest variance in each of the two fencing scores (57.7 and 58.1%, respectively). Although morphological factors play a role in fencing success, their influence is small when physiological factors are accounted for. Future energy-cost studies are suggested to determine the physiological basis for the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and fencing success.

Adipose Tissue↗