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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Effect of storage media and storage time on survival of spermatozoa recovered from canine and feline epididymides.

The aim of this study was evaluate the survival ability of canine and feline spermatozoa maintained within epididymides stored at 4 degrees C for 24, 48 or 72 h in sterile isotonic saline solution (SAL) or a Tris-egg yolk (TEY) storage medium. Fifteen domestic dogs and 15 cats were neutered and their testes were placed in TEY or SAL and stored at 4 degrees C for either 24, 48 or 72 h. Sperm samples were obtained by cutting the cauda epididymides into a Tris extender and were evaluated for motility, velocity, viability, plasma membrane integrity, and acrosome morphology. In dogs, there were no significant differences between storage media for motility, plasma membrane integrity, viability and velocity. However, dog sperm stored in TEY had better acrosome morphology compared to sperm stored in SAL (P < 0.05). Dog sperm recovered at 72 h had a reduction in all parameters studied compared to those recovered at 24 h (P < 0.05). In cats, sperm recovered from epididymides stored in TEY had higher motility, plasma membrane integrity and velocity at all times compared to those stored in SAL (P < 0.05). Cat sperm recovered at 72 h had reduced motility, acrosome morphology, viability and velocity compared to those recovered at 24 h (P < 0.05). The addition of TEY to canine epididymal sperm, thus, had a better protective effect than SAL only on acrosome morphology. In cats, in contrast, TEY had a better protective effect than SAL on all epididymal sperm parameters studied. In both species, sperm recovered at 72 h had a significant reduction in all parameters studied compared to those recovered at 24 h.

Acrosome↗
PubMed1989

The effect of storage media and duration of storage of extracted teeth on the shear bond strength of Scotchbond 2/Silux to dentin.

The objective was to determine the effect of storage media and the duration of storage of extracted teeth on the shear bond strength (SBS) of Scotchbond 2/Silux to dentin. Extracted human mandibular and maxillary first permanent molars were stored in buffered formalin (A), 1% chloramine (B), 70% ethanol (C), physiological saline (D), or 0.05% thymol (E). Fifteen test specimens were prepared on teeth stored in each medium two days after extraction (Procedures A1 to E1) or after six months storage (Procedures A2 to E2). The teeth were embedded in brass tooth cups and the occlusal surfaces ground wet on 180 and then 600 grit SiC immediately prior to the preparation of a test specimen. The Scotchprep Primer and the Scotchbond 2 Adhesive were applied to the dentin surfaces as directed by the manufacturer. Cylinders of Silux Composite were bonded to the treated dentin surfaces in a special device. The specimens were removed 15 minutes after cure and stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 24 hours. A shear load was applied to the bonded cylinders in an Instron machine at a crosshead speed of 0.02 inch.min-1. The SBS were calculated and expressed in MN.m-2. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test at the 5% level of significance.2+e mean SBS + SD

Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate↗
PubMed2004

Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis in corneas in storage media.

The nitrate/nitrite content in storage media was determined after nitric oxide synthase inhibition by adding 400 microl of 100 mm N(G)-monomethyl-l-arginine (LMMA) to four chambers of Optisol GS corneal storage media, each containing one viable human cornea. The companion corneas in storage media without LMMA served as controls. Four hundred microlitre aliquots obtained at baseline (day 0) and at one-day intervals for 20 more days for both groups were analyzed for nitrate and nitrite (breakdown products of nitric oxide) concentration levels using a spectrophotometric method based on the Greiss reaction. Average nitrate/nitrite concentrations, statistically analyzed using a polynomial random coefficients model, showed a statistically significant marked reduction in the levels of nitrate and nitrite accumulation in the study chambers as compared to control chambers for days 1-20(P < 0.001) There was also a reduction in the accumulation rate of nitrate and nitrite concentrations, as compared to controls (P < 0.05) until around day 8 when the differences in rates were no longer statistically significant. The progressive increase in nitrate and nitrite accumulation in corneal storage media can be blunted by the addition of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor. Given the toxic free radical properties of nitric oxide, corneas in storage awaiting transplantation may benefit from having a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor added to storage media.

Cornea↗
PubMed2006

Preserving the cornea: corneal storage media.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The aim of this article is to review the recent literature regarding corneal storage media since the last review that discussed this topic in substantial detail in this journal. RECENT FINDINGS: During the last few years, despite the development of new corneal storage media and the addition of new additives to established corneal storage media, Optisol GS (Bausch & Lomb, Irvine, California, USA) has continued to remain the popular choice among storage media used in the United States, and traditional organ culture methods are still used in Europe. Recognizing that persistent epithelial defects after corneal transplantation can be a serious complication, however, attention has started to focus on not only preserving the endothelium, but also the epithelium. In addition, there has been more research towards antimicrobial prophylaxis. SUMMARY: With recent evidence suggesting that longer storage times may allow better outcomes in high-risk grafts because of the depletion of donor T cells from the donor cornea into the storage media, storage media will need to be optimized for preserving the endothelium for longer periods of time. In addition, because the epithelium is typically unable to be sustained for longer than 1 week in storage media, research toward preserving the epithelium will also be essential.

Cornea↗
PubMed2002

Nitric oxide generated by corneas in corneal storage media.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to quantify nitric oxide release by human corneal buttons in storage media over time. METHODS: Group 1 consisted of six chambers of Optisol GS corneal storage media, each containing a viable human corneal button with an attached scleral rim (unsuitable for transplantation), sampled at 1-day intervals for at least 17 days (range, 17-28 days). Group 2 consisted of 34 chambers of Optisol GS media, each used to store a corneal button for penetrating keratoplasty, sampled immediately after each surgery. An unused vial of Optisol GS storage medium was sampled daily for 17 days to serve as a background medium control. The total amount of nitrite and nitrate in each sample was determined by a spectrophotometric method based on the Griess reaction. RESULTS: Data from the daily sampling in group 1 showed that nitrite and nitrate concentrations in storage media containing human corneas increase from a baseline level (beginning at the time the corneas are placed in the media) to an equilibrium concentration of 2.77 microM in a mean time of 6.15 days. Seventy-six percent of the data points from group 2 fell within the 80% predictive interval derived from group 1. No nitrite or nitrate was detected in background medium control samples. CONCLUSION: The progressive increase in nitrite and nitrate in corneal storage media over time suggests that nitric oxide is continuously released by corneas during storage before transplantation. Given the toxic free radical properties of nitric oxide, corneas in storage media may be subjected to the cumulative toxic effects of nitric oxide.

Chondroitin Sulfates↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Commentary on the safety of red cells preserved in extended-storage media for neonatal transfusions.

Red cells preserved in extended-storage media are the standard product dispensed by many regional blood centers. When the red cells are intended for neonatal transfusion, concern exists about the safety of the relatively high quantities of additives present in these media. Definitive studies to address these concerns are not available. Therefore, to estimate the effects of additives and to delineate circumstances in which they might be harmful, the quantities transfused in defined clinical settings were calculated, and the following recommendations are offered for transfusing infants less than 4 months of age. First, red cells preserved in extended-storage media should present no substantive risks when used for small-volume (approximately 10 mL/kg) transfusions of premature infants and can be used without additional processing. Second, the risks of the most premature neonatal patients or those with severe renal and/or hepatic insufficiency cannot be defined clearly, and, because data are not available to ensure safety for these infants, removal of the additive medium and resuspension of the red cells in saline or albumin solution immediately before transfusion are recommended. Third, following a similar rationale, it seems prudent to avoid using entire units of red cells preserved in extended-storage media in massive transfusion settings (e.g., exchange transfusion, cardiac surgery, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation). In these settings, the preservative medium should be removed and the red cells resuspended in the fluid that is most appropriate for the procedure that is planned. It must be emphasized that these recommendations are based on calculations and hypothetical settings, not actual data. Accordingly, they are tentative and should be altered as definitive information becomes available.

Adenine↗
PubMed1993

Stability and activity of vancomycin in corneal storage media.

Gentamicin is the only antibiotic currently added to commercially available corneal storage media. To reduce the potential for bacterial dissemination from donor corneal tissue to the recipient eye, we evaluated the addition of vancomycin to corneal storage media. When added to Dexsol at a concentration of 200 micrograms/ml, vancomycin levels were maintained, showing a 7% decrease in vancomycin concentration per month, measured < or = 90 days after its addition. Human corneas were stored in gentamicin-free Dexsol (Chiron Ophthalmics, Inc., Irvine, CA, U.S.A.) containing 150 micrograms/ml vancomycin. Corneal tissue levels of vancomycin determined by agar diffusion bioassay were 201, 226, 292 micrograms/ml at 1, 3, and 7 days of storage respectively, suggesting that corneal tissue concentrates vancomycin with time. No differences in endothelial cell count or cell death were seen in corneas stored in Dexsol (containing gentamicin) or Dexsol plus vancomycin when followed for < or = 14 days. Vancomycin added to corneal storage media should reduce the potential for endophthalmitis due to gentamicin-resistant organisms.

Cell Count↗
PubMed2003

Effect of catalase supplementation in storage media for avulsed teeth.

The type of liquid medium used to store avulsed teeth prior to replantation has been shown to affect the long-term prognosis. One possibility is that some storage media contain hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) that may be toxic to periodontal ligament cells. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine if the addition of catalase to storage media improved the prognosis of replanted dog teeth. Forty-eight mongrel premolar roots were endodontically treated, extracted, randomly divided and placed into one of four storage media: Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS), containing no antioxidant); Viaspan, containing the antioxidant, glutathione, or the same two media supplemented with catalase(100 U ml(-1)) for 1, 5, or 26 h prior to replantation. After 2 months, the dogs were euthanized and the roots histologically examined to evaluate the attachment tissues. Regardless of the storage medium used, overall healing was excellent and only 4% of the roots displayed inflammatory or replacement resorption. When roots from the different storage media were compared, those stored in HBSS were found to display the highest incidence of surface resorption (55.7%). Supplementation of HBSS with catalase resulted in a lower level of surface resorption (48.6%) that was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Roots stored in Viaspan - or + catalase displayed even lower levels of surface resorption (41.3 and 38.2%, respectively). The improvement observed with catalase-supplemented HBSS was confined to the 45-min incubation period; only Viaspan - or + catalase reduced surface resorption at the 5- and 26-h incubations. Collectively, these data demonstrate that roots stored in media containing antioxidant activity undergo less surface resorption. These results suggest that low levels of H2O2 in storage media for avulsed teeth may adversely affect periodontal ligament cells.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1994

An in vitro evaluation of storage media for the preservation of canine packed red blood cells.

The effect of four different red blood cell storage media on in vitro parameters of stored canine red blood cells was studied. The storage media included citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine (CPDA-1), two additive solutions, and an additive solution modified by the addition of plasma. Biochemical and hematologic parameters, including red cell adenosine triphosphate (ATP); 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG); pH; percent hemolysis; and supernatant sodium, potassium, and glucose were assessed immediately following preparation of the red cell concentrate and after 35 and 42 days of storage at 4 degrees C. All parameters changed significantly (p < 0.05) during storage. Significant differences due to effect of the storage media were also seen at each time period. After 35 days and 42 days of storage, CPDA-1 maintained the highest pH, potassium, and sodium values, and had the lowest 2,3-DPG, ATP (p=0.052), and glucose values. No differences were seen in hemolysis after 35 days of storage. No additional benefit was noted from the addition of plasma to the additive solution. The additive solutions compared favorably with CPDA-1.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

Lysosomal enzymes in corneal storage media and corneal graft outcome.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to relate lysosomal enzyme activities in corneal storage media to the outcome of the transplanted corneas. METHODS: Corneal storage media from 358 transplanted corneas were frozen at -70 degrees C and kept for enzyme analysis. Corneas were stored in K-Sol (28), CSM (35), Dexsol (80), Index medium (five), Optisol (158), and Optisol GS (52). Activities of alpha-D-mannosidase, beta-glucuronidase, alpha-glucosidase, and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase were assayed fluorometrically. Mayo Clinic records were examined for donor information, including cause of death and 2-month graft follow-up data. RESULTS: For all corneas, there was a low but significant correlation between activities of each enzyme and storage time (rs = 0.13-0.35; p = 0.02-0.0001), and donor age (rs = -0.14 to -0.23; p = 0.009-0.0001). There was no significant correlation of enzyme activity with 2-month endothelial cell density, structure, cell loss, or corneal thickness. Enzyme activities for four primary donor failures and six grafts with > 65% 2-month endothelial cell loss were not significantly different from those for the rest of the transplanted corneas. Enzyme activities were higher for corneas from donors with renal failure but not from those with diabetes mellitus. There was no significant difference in graft outcome for different cause-of-death groups. CONCLUSIONS: The activities of lysosomal enzymes released into corneal storage media are not useful as predictors of graft outcome.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1981

Effect of extra-alveolar period and storage media upon periodontal and pulpal healing after replantation of mature permanent incisors in monkeys.

The effect of extra-alveolar period and storage media upon periodontal and pulpal healing after replantation was studied in green Vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops). Mandibular lateral incisors were extracted. The extra-alveolar period before replantation was 0, 18, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. The storage media for the extracted teeth were tap water, physiologic saline, saliva or dry storage. The animals were sacrificed 8 weeks after replantation and the replanted teeth were examined histometrically. The following histologic parameters were registered for each tooth: surface resorption, inflammatory resorption, replacement resorption (ankylosis), periapical inflammatory changes, the extent of vital pulp and downgrowth of pocket epithelium. A significant relationship was found between the frequency of root resorption, extra-alveolar period and storage medium. This was especially evident after dry storage. Surface resorption was found with approximately the same frequency irrespective of extra-alveolar period and storage media. Inflammatory root resorption was especially common after dry storage and was related to the length of the extra-alveolar period. Already after 30 min dry storage, this resorption type was very prominent. Teeth stored in tap water, saline or saliva showed about the same frequency of inflammatory resorption, which increased slightly with increased extra-alveolar periods. Replacement resorption showed a strong relationship to dry storage and became very prominent after 60 min. Replacement resorption was rarely found among teeth stored in saline or saliva; whereas it was significantly increased among teeth stored in tap water. It is concluded that saline and saliva offer good protection against root resorption during the extra-alveolar period.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[A report on investigation and clinical application of corneal storage media].

OBJECTIVE: To develop intermediate term storage media suitable for Chinese eye banks. METHODS: Corneal buttons of rabbits were stored in DX solution freshly prepared. After storage for several days, the survival rate of the corneal endothelial cells was examined, enzymohistochemical staining and ultrastructural examinations were carried out for the buttons. Thirty-seven human corneas stored in DX solution for 3 - 11 days were used for corneal transplantation, clinically. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between rabbit corneal buttons stored in DX sol. and in Optisol in any indices studied. 37 grafts were all transparent in 1 week after transplantation, and the mean endothelial cell density was (2,204.56 +/- 689.56) cells/mm(2). CONCLUSION: As a safe and efficient intermediate term (about 1 week) storage medium, DX sol. is appropriate for Chinese eye banks.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1987

The effect of storage media on the proliferation of periodontal ligament fibroblasts.

The effect of storage media, which are routinely used in replantation, upon the proliferative capacity of periodontal ligament fibroblasts, was compared with the effect of a tissue culture medium. The periodontal tissue was obtained from mandibular central incisors of White New Zealand rabbits. The experiments were performed in fibroblasts derived during second subculture. The storage media were physiologic salt solution, Ringer's solution and Rivanol; the tissue culture medium was alpha-minimum essential medium without nucleosides. The incubation period was 1 hour. [3H]-thymidine incorporation and cell counts were taken to indicate changes in the proliferative capacity of the fibroblasts. The tissue culture experiments showed that the proliferative ability of the periodontal ligament fibroblasts was dependent upon the composition of the storage medium. Physiologic salt solution, Ringer's solution and Rivanol were unable to maintain the metabolism of the fibroblasts. alpha-MEM medium, however, was capable of stimulating proliferation of the periodontal ligament fibroblasts.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

A quantitative analysis of Propolis: a promising new storage media following avulsion.

Both length of extra-alveolar time and type of storage media are significant factors that can affect the long-term prognosis of replanted teeth. Numerous studies have examined various media in an attempt to determine the ideal material for storage of the avulsed tooth. The purpose of this study was to use a Collagenase-Dispase assay to investigate the potential of a new storage media, Propolis, in maintaining viable periodontal ligament (PDL) cells on simulated avulsed teeth. Seventy freshly extracted human teeth were divided into five experimental groups and two control groups. The positive and negative controls corresponded to 0-min and an 8-h dry time, respectively. The experimental teeth were stored dry for 30 min and then immersed in one of the five media (Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS), milk, saline, Propolis 50%, and Propolis 100% for 45 min). The teeth were then treated with dispase grade II and collagenase for 30 min. The number of viable PDL cells were counted with a hemocytometer and analyzed. Statistical analysis demonstrated that both Propolis groups kept significantly more PDL cells viable compared to either milk, saline, or HBSS. Within the parameters of this study, it appears that Propolis may be a better alternative to HBSS, milk, or saline in terms of maintaining PDL cell viability after avulsion and storage.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2006

Platelet ADP response deteriorates in synthetic storage media.

BACKGROUND: During storage under blood bank conditions, platelets (PLTs) are known to secrete ADP. PLT stimulation by ADP results in refractoriness to restimulation, making this response one of the most unstable PLT reactions. The goal of this study was to evaluate the ADP-induced responses of PLTs stored in full plasma or in plasma and additive solution (AS). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Surface expression of P-selectin, ADP-induced aggregation, and reconstituted whole-blood thrombus formation were determined on collagen surfaces in a perfusion model with PLTs that were stored for 4 days either in plasma or in the presence of plasma with PAS-II or Composol. RESULTS: After 4 days of storage in PAS-II but not in Composol, the percentage of PLTs that had secreted granule contents (P-selectin) was increased, when compared to PLTs stored in full plasma. Maximal aggregation in response to ADP was reduced for PLTs stored in PAS-II or Composol. Resuspension of these PLTs in plasma at 37 degrees C for 1 hour caused partial recovery of the aggregation response. Addition of apyrase to PLTs in AS preserved the responsiveness toward ADP. Titration experiments indicated that this response gradually decreased with decreasing plasma concentration. The functional significance of these findings was demonstrated by perfusion experiments. Thrombus formation on collagen was significantly higher for PLTs stored in full plasma than for PLTs stored in PAS-II or Composol. CONCLUSIONS: Storage of PLTs in the presence of AS under blood bank conditions induces deterioration of the PLT responsiveness to ADP compared to PLT concentrates in 100 percent plasma. Higher plasma-to-AS ratios result in better preserved responses.

15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5↗
PubMed2004

Optisol vs Dexsol as storage media for preservation of human corneal epithelium.

PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy of two storage media, Optisol GS and Dexsol, in preservation of donor corneal epithelium. METHODS: A total of 12 pairs of corneas not suitable for transplantation, all with intact epithelium, were used in this study, with one cornea of the pair stored in Optisol GS and its other counterpart in Dexsol. At each of three durations of storage--1, 2, and 4 days--four of these paired corneas were prepared for light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Another four pairs of control cornea were prepared in the same way and placed in universal fixative. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Evaluation of the corneas was made by two observers masked as to the identity of the storage medium and length of storage. Loss of epithelial cells was evaluated by light microscopy. The attachment of the epithelium to the basement membrane,cellular integrity, intercellular junctions, and intracellular organelles were evaluated and compared by electron microscopy. RESULTS: The magnitude of epithelial loss correlated with the length of storage time. Control corneas maintained normal epithelium with preservation of all epithelial cell layers. Corneas stored for 1 day had minimal damage of the epithelium. Corneas stored for 2 days had a slight increase in epithelial damage, and corneas stored for up to 4 days showed a marked increase in epithelial damage. There were no significant differences between the two storage media. The basal cell layer was maintained in both the media at all time points, usually in good condition with mild-to-moderate damage in some cases. CONCLUSIONS: Loss of donor epithelium is related mainly to the length of storage and is similar in both Optisol GS and Dexsol. The storage time should be less than 4 days,especially when performing penetrating keratoplasty on patients with ocular surface disorders.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

A randomized, prospective, double-masked clinical trial of Optisol vs DexSol corneal storage media.

We compared Optisol and DexSol, two chondroitin-sulfate-based media for corneal storage at 4 degrees C, by transplanting 31 donor cornea pairs (one cornea stored in Optisol and its mate in DexSol for 20 to 134 hours) into 31 pairs of recipients (62 patients). All grafts were clear 1 year after transplantation except for one primary donor failure (Optisol group). Optisol-stored corneas were significantly thinner than DexSol-stored corneas after cardinal suture placement (0.64 mm vs 0.76 mm) and at the end of surgery (0.69 mm vs 0.78 mm); at all points afterward through 1 year the two groups did not differ. The activity of two lysosomal enzymes released into the media during storage, alpha-mannosidase and alpha-glucosidase, was lower in the Optisol group. Epithelial status and all endothelial morphometric parameters, except the figure coefficient at 1 year, did not differ between the two groups before surgery and 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Mean endothelial cell loss at 1 year was 15% for the Optisol group and 21% for the DexSol group (P = .22). Thus, Optisol-stored corneas were thinner during surgery than DexSol-stored corneas and there was less lysosomal enzyme activity in the Optisol medium after tissue storage. There were no significant differences in postoperative clinical or endothelial morphometric parameters, however.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Effect of storage media upon the surface micromorphology of resin-based restorative materials.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different storage media upon the surface micromorphology of resin-based restoratives. One resin-modified glass-ionomer (Fuji II LC Improved), one polyacid-modified composite resin (Dyract AP), one microfilled composite resin (Durafill VS), and one hybrid composite resin (Filtek Z250) were tested. For each material, 45 standardized cylindrical specimens were randomly made. After 24 h, samples were finished and polished, and their surface roughness measured to obtain Ra (micro m) baseline values (Bv). Fifteen specimens of each material were then stored at 37 +/- 1 degrees C, for 24 h, either in distilled deionized water or in artificial saliva, or else subjected to a pH-cycling regimen. At the end of 10 days of storage, final readings (Fv) of surface roughness were obtained. The Analysis of Covariance (alpha=0.05), considering the covariate Bv showed a significant interaction between restorative materials and storage media (P value=0.0000). Multiple comparison Tukey's test revealed that the surface roughness of resin-based restoratives subjected to a pH-cycling model was significantly higher compared with both distilled deionized water and artificial saliva. Micromorphological changes were noticed in a situation of acid challenge.

Acids↗