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Results for “stem canker”

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PubMed2026

A Leucine-Rich Repeat Receptor-Like Protein Associated with a QTL for Septoria Stem Canker in Populus trichocarpa × Populus deltoides Hybrid Poplar.

The fungal plant pathogen Sphaerulina musiva (Ascomycota) causes Septoria stem canker, the most economically damaging disease of Populus plantations in North America, yet the genetic determinants of host resistance remain uncharacterized in hybrid poplar. Using an inoculation experiment with the 52-124 pseudo-backcross family of Populus trichocarpa × Populus deltoides (TD × D) hybrid poplar, a single significant QTL was identified on Chromosome 16 (LOD = 4.93) associated with both stem canker count and disease severity score. Transcriptomic analysis of two resistant and two susceptible genotypes across a 72-hour infection time course identified a single differentially expressed gene within the QTL candidate gene window: Podel.16G125900, a putative leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein (LRR-RLP) with homology to receptor-like protein 33 in Arabidopsis thaliana. Podel.16G125900 is located 3001 bp (0.019 cM) upstream of the QTL peak and showed a strong infection-induced upregulation in susceptible genotype 852 (log2 fold-change = 20.47) and higher baseline expression in resistant genotypes relative to susceptible genotypes across all infection time points, consistent with a resistance mechanism in which expression level contributes to the degree of resistance conferred. Two P. trichocarpa homologs were not differentially expressed and differ substantially in sequence content, suggesting the resistance function is specific to the resistant P. deltoides lineage. These findings identify Podel.16G125900 as a strong candidate gene underlying quantitative resistance mechanisms modulating Septoria stem canker resistance in the 52-124 family of TD × D hybrid poplar and provide a target for future functional validation and marker-assisted resistance breeding.

Disease Resistance↗
PubMed2026

Potato Black Scurf and Stem Canker: Pathogen Biology, Global Distribution, and Traditional and Modern Diagnostics.

Rhizoctonia solani is a soil- and seed-borne fungal pathogen of potatoes. It is a persistent threat to potato production worldwide. The symptoms appear as black scurf on tubers and stem canker, causing severe yield and quality losses of potatoes. The pathogen reproduces asexually via hyphae and sclerotia. Its genetic diversity is organized into anastomosis groups (AGs), with AG3-PT being the predominant group on potato. The global trade of seed potatoes is very important for agricultural development; however, it has facilitated the dissemination of the pathogen across regions. Moreover, disease development is affected by environmental and agronomic factors, causing variable symptom severity and differential economic impacts. Given the pathogen's genetic complexity, accurate diagnosis is very important, necessitating a transition from traditional culture-based and biochemical methods toward molecular, genomic, and emerging digital technologies. Methods such as PCR, isothermal amplification, sequencing, sensor-based biosensing, and artificial intelligence-driven imaging have improved the detection, quantification, and noninvasive monitoring of the pathogen. Combining these diagnostic methods into a tiered framework will be helpful for precision disease surveillance, informed disease management decision-making, and the development of sustainable potato production systems.

black scurf↗
PubMed2026

Genome-Wide Identification of the PAL Gene Family in Idesia polycarpa and Transcriptomic Responses to Botryosphaeria dothidea Infection.

Idesia polycarpa is a woody oil tree threatened by stem canker caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea, yet the organization and infection-responsive behavior of its phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) gene family remain poorly understood. Here, we identified five IpPAL genes and characterized their phylogenetic relationships, conserved features, duplication patterns, promoter cis-elements, and infection-associated expression profiles. Segmental and tandem duplication contributed to IpPAL family evolution, and all duplicated pairs showed Ka/Ks ratios below 1, consistent with purifying selection. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of contrasting Chengdu and Zhangjiajie provenances revealed distinct temporal responses. In Chengdu, IpPAL2-IpPAL4 were significantly upregulated at 24 h after inoculation, whereas all five genes were upregulated at 96 h. In Zhangjiajie, all five IpPAL genes were significantly upregulated at 24 h, while IpPAL2-IpPAL5 remained upregulated at 96 h. No IpPAL gene met the differential-expression criteria between provenances under mock conditions or at 24 h; at 96 h, IpPAL1 and IpPAL3 were lower and IpPAL5 was higher in Zhangjiajie than in Chengdu. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provided complementary qualitative evidence of provenance-associated tissue responses. These findings demonstrate time- and gene-specific IpPAL responses to B. dothidea and identify candidate genes for further functional analysis.

Ascomycota↗