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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

[Spleen enhancement reactions in chick embryo after homografting adult chicken spleen fragments: changes in spleen cell population in relation to rate of spleen enhancement].

A method using the comparison between the modifications of spleen weight and on spleen smears visible modifications of the distribution into categories of cells which are classified by the mean of their maturation degree, suggested that these both types of modifications are bound. Therefore, the classic cytological study seems to be a really good tool for analysing the effects of this kind of grafting on the haemopoietic organs, the weight modifications of which are difficult to measure. On the other hand, this method allowed us to see that the distribution of the cell population in the weakly enlarged spleens is very different from both distribution of the population in the strongly enlarged spleens and the controls ones ; this heterogeneity of the stimulating effect of the graft asked us the question whether this one could exerce its influence by the mean of two different ways, at least, or by only one.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

A cell population in nu/nu spleen can prevent generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes by normal spleen cells against self antigens of the nu/nu spleen.

Spleen cells from athymic nu/nu mice contain two kinds of physically separable active cells that can have very different effects on the generation of CL (cytotoxic lymphocytes) by normal LN cells in an in vitro response against allogeneic stimulator cells. They can provide an accessory cell required for the activation of CLP (cytotoxic lymphocyte precursor cells) which need not be H-2 identical to the CLP and will function normally even when H-2 identical to the stimulator cells. They can also provide a suppressor cell that prevents the activation of CLP that can recognize the H-2 of the nu/nu mouse. Thus, with A, B, and C to represent three H-2 differnt mouse strains, a culture containing CLP from strain A and nu/nu spleen cells from strain B or strain (A x B)F1 will produce CL against strain C or (A x C)F1 stimulator cells but not against strain B or strain (A x B)F1 stimulator cells unless the suppressor cell is first removed. It is proposed that the in vivo role of the suppressor cell in a normal mouse is to prevent the activation of CLP reactive against self.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

In vitro proliferative response of BALB/c mouse spleen cells stimulated with trinitrophenylated syngeneic spleen cells.

Spleen cells from normal BALB/c mice showed in vitro proliferative response against hapten-conjugated syngeneic spleen cells. Trinitrophenylated (TNP) spleen cells were prepared by treating normal spleen cells with sodium 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonate (TNBS). Four-day cultures of TNP-labelled spleen cells incorporated 2.5-7.4 times more [3H]thymidine than similar cultures of untreated spleen cells. An obviously positive mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) by normal spleen cells against mitomycin C (MC) treated TNP-labeled syngeneic spleen cells was observed after 4 days of culture. The MLR to TNP-labelled syngeneic cells was inhibited in the presence of epsilon-TNP-L-lysine by 23-37%. The spleen cells from the mice injected intraperitoneally with TNP-labelled syngeneic spleen cells showed a higher MLR against TNP-labelled spleen cells than normal spleen cells. The sensitized spleen cells also showed an increased response to MC-treated spleen cells. These results suggest that normal spleen cells include cells which can recognize the hapten and new antigenic determinants introduced into syngeneic spleen by chemical modification.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Graft-versus-host reactivity and renal allograft survival in rats given allogeneic spleen cells or spleen allografts.

Selective recruitment of antigen-sensitive cells (ASC) into the spleen as a method of inducing specific suppression was attempted by intravenous injection of either DA or Lewis spleen cells 24 hr before a (DA X Lewis)F1 renal allograft into a Lewis or DA recipient, either with or without a splenectomy. This led to suppression of rejection in the DA recipient and delayed rejection in the Lewis recipient. Splenectomy produced a minimal augmentation effect. Assay of graft-versus-host (GVH) reactions in (DA X Lewis)F1 rats by a popliteal node assay showed that injection of allogeneic DA or Lewis spleen cells 48 hr before the assay significantly reduced the reaction produced by node lymphocytes but not spleen lymphocytes, suggesting a loss of ASC from the lymph nodes. Lewis spleen allografts did not produce such a significant reduction in the GVH reactivity of DA node lymphocytes as intravenous Lewis cells, whereas DA spleen allografts led to an increased GVH reactivity of Lewis node lymphocytes. From these studies, it is not possible to attribute the suppression produced by the intravenous injection of allogeneic cells to selective recruitment of antigen-sensitive cells to the spleen.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Immune complexes in the spleen. Replacement of immune complexes trapped in spleen follicles by new immune complexes from the circulation.

The fate of intravenously injected 125I-BGG-anti-BGG in the spleen of mice was studied using autoradiography. Part of the labelled immune complexes was trapped in the follicles of the spleen as could be expected. In a first experiment it was found that injections with unlabelled immune complexes were followed by a partial release of the labelled immune complexes from the follicles. In a second experiment unlabelled immune complexes retained in spleen follicles appeared to inhibit the trapping of intravenously injected labelled immune complexes to some degree and for some time. The conclusion was drawn from these experiments that immune complexes, which normally remain in part of the lymphoid follicles for a long period, may be replaced by new immune complexes from the circulation. This seems important since trapping in lymphoid follicles of antigen complexed by antibody is the only known mechanism by which small amounts of antigen may be preserved in the body for a long time after the initiation of antibody production. The bulk of antigen and antigen-antibody complexes is removed by phagocytosis followed by destruction. It appeared also that, although all spleen follicles in the mouse spleen is able to retain the complexes for a longer time. Possible explanations for these individual differences between the follicles of one spleen are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Correlation between sectional area of the spleen by ultrasonic tomography and actual volume of the removed spleen.

The sectional area of the splenotomogram scanned parallel to the ribs provides useful information for differential diagnosis and determination of prognosis in liver diseases. To establish a relationship between sectional area and actual spleen volume, 10 spleens obtained at splenectomy or autopsy were studied. A good linear correlation (r = 0.956) was present between the sectional area (S) and the actual spleen volume (V). The spleen volume could be calculated as V = 7.5S - 77.5. Therefore the value of the sectional area obtained from one ultrasonic splenotomogram has practical application as a parameter reflecting the spleen volume in vivo.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Immune response-associated antigens on mouse leukemia cells. II. Anti-Ia sera inhibit the MLR reaction between normal GR spleen cells and syngeneic spleen cells of GRSL tumor-bearing mice.

Mitomycin C-treated ascites cells of Ia antigen-positive GRSL14 tumor cells and spleen cells from GRSL14 tumor-bearing mice stimulated lymphocyte proliferative responses in normal syngeneic GR spleen cells. Furthermore, mitomycin C-treated T cells purified from spleen cells of tumor-bearing mice also stimulated normal GR spleen cells. Anti-Ia sera inhibited the stimulating ability of tumor cells and of spleen cells of tumor-bearing mice. These data suggest a role for I region gene products in immune surveillance for syngeneic tumors.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Specific partial depletion of graft-vs-host activity by incubation and centrifugation of mouse spleen cells on allogeneic spleen cell monolayers.

Spleen cells (from BALB/c mice immunized with the C57BL/6 lymphoma EL4, or from non-immune BALB/c) were incubated on monolayers of [C57BL/6 times BALB/cF1 (B6CF1) spleen cells on polylysine-coated polystyrene Petri plate, for 1/2 hr or for 1 hr at 37 degrees C followed by centrifugation of the monolayers for 5 min at 70 times G to 110 times G at 34 to 37 degrees C. Control monolayers were BALB/c spleen cells. As measured by the Simonsen spleen weight assay in neonatal mice, graft-vs-host (GVH) activity was partially depleted in cell populations nonadherent to B6CF1 monolayers. Residual GVH activity of these nonadherent cells was about half that of cells incubated on the control syngeneic monolayers (the mean of eight experiments was 49% +/- 11% S.D.). Two or three consecutive cycles of incubation and centrifugation did not significantly diminish the residual GVH activity, suggesting that spleen cells with GVH activity are heterogeneous with respect to binding to allogeneic target cells under the above conditions. Cell populations nonadherent to third-part [A times AL]F1 monolayers retained full activity, and cell populations partially depleted of GVH activity in B6CF1 neonates had full activity in third-party [BALB/c times AL]F1 neonates.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Immunologic tolerance to HGG in mice. I. Suppression of the HGG response in normal mice with spleen cells or a spleen cell lysate from tolerant mice.

Adoptive transfer of spleen cells or spleen cell lysates from mice tolerant to human-gamma-globulin (HGG) specifically suppressed the response of normal syngeneic recipients to HGG. The suppressive activity could be transferred for over 100 days after tolerance induction. The suppression induced by both spleen cells and spleen cell lysate was found to be specific as evidenced by a normal response to a challenge with turkey-gamma-globulin or goat erythrocytes. The activity of the suppressive lysate could be removed by passing the material through an HGG immunoadsorbent column but not by passing it through an anti-HGG column or a BSA column. These results indicated that the factor had antigen specificity and was probably not antigen-antibody complexes. That this suppression was not due to a shifting of the kinetics of the antibody response has also been demonstrated. The antigen-specific suppressor factor in the tolerant spleen cell lysates was a protein with a m.w. of approximately 45,000 daltons. The kinetics of the appearance of both suppressor cells and suppressor factor were consistent with a mechanism of active suppression functioning in the maintenance of tolerance to HGG.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Cell killing by spleen necrosis virus is correlated with a transient accumulation of spleen necrosis virus DNA.

Spleen necrosis virus productively infects avian and rat cells. The average number of molecules of unintegrated and integrated viral DNA in cells at different times after infection was determined by hybridization and transfection assays. Shortly after infection, there was a transient accumulation of an average of about 150 to 200 molecules of unintegrated linear spleen necrosis virus DNA per chicken, turkey, or pheasant cell. No such accumulation was seen in infected rat cells. Soon after infection there was in chicken cells, but not inturkey, pheasant, or rat cells, also a transient integration of an average of 35 copies of viral DNA per cell. By 10 days after infection, the majority of this integrated viral DNA was lost from the population of infected chicken cells. At the same time, the majority of the unintegrated viral DNA was also lost from infected chicken, turkey, and pheasant cells. The transient cytopathic effect seen in these infected cells also occurred at this time. Late after infection about five copies of apparently nondefective spleen necrosis proviruses were stably integrated at multiple sites in chicken, turkey, pheasant, and rat DNA. These results demonstrate a correlation between the transient accumulation of large numbers of spleen necrosis virus DNA molecules and the transient occurrence of cytopathic effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

F1-hybrid anti-parental-strain reactivity. I. Impaired proliferation of CBA lymphocytes in the spleens of irradiated C3H X CBA mice pretreated with CBA spleen cells.

Previous investigations have indicated that C3H X CBA hybrid lymphocytes can neutralize lymphocytes which are reactive against the C3H-determined Mls antigen when injected into the H-2-compatible strain CBA. In this study we have inoculated C3H X CBA hybrids with CBA spleen cells and 2 weeks later lethally irradiated the mice and injected them with CBA lymphocytes to study their proliferation in the host spleen. Proliferation of lymphocytes from CBA mice, but not from C57Bl mice, was significantly impaired in such hosts, indicating that the hybrids had become immunized against the parental cells. In contrast, such an effect was not detected by treating CBA X C57Bl mice with CBA spleen cells. Humoral antibodies in the C3H X CBA hybrids capable of blocking the response of CBA lymphocytes against C3H X CBA cells could not be detected, indicating that inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation is cell mediated rather than by humoral factors.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The radioisotope spleen scan in the assessment of patients with suspected spleen trauma.

The radioisotope spleen scan was reviewed in 29 patients with suspected trauma of the spleen who had been admitted for observation to a surgical ward. At the time of the study, all patients had stable pulse rates and blood pressures. The scans of six patients showed space defects and, of these, splenic injury was subsequently proven operatively in five patients. As a detector of splenic trauma, the radionuclide scan proved to be reliable. Although the findings of radioisotope scanning are not specific for trauma, the interpretation of the scan in conjunction with other observations increases the accuracy of diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[The connective network of the spleen from a 18 cm long (crown-rump) human foetus. Plastic reconstruction and some reflections concerning the architecture of the human spleen (author's transl)].

In the human foetus, the splenic function is double: metabolic action and blood storage. The primitive structure of the spleen is more clearly demonstrated at that stage than in the newborn or the adult. 1. Our negative reconstruction by means of "Hominit" and "Negokoll" demonstrates the connective network of the spleen from a 18 cm long (crown-rump) human foetus with a linear magnification of 300. The complete model is 15 cm high. 2. Dimensions: :formula (see text):3. In man the connective network originates from the capsule and from the trabecular ramifications. 4. In the 18 cm long foetus, there is an intense budding of cylindrical radiating trabeculae from the internal face of the capsule. 5. At the same stage, the undercapsular network is still incomplete. It firstly appears between the radiating trabeculae and the periphery of the venous trabeculae. 6. We divide the splenic parenchyma into two zones: an outer layer (undercapsular) and an inner layer which shows itself an internal and an external zone. 7. The internal zone contains the 1st to 3rd order ramifications of the trabecular tree (vascular trabeculae with venous and arterial components). The external zone corresponds to the 4th, 5th and 6th order ramifications (venous trabeculae). 8. The splenic lobules are delimited from the connective network. Their dimensions are as follows: :formula (see text):.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Right-sided spleen with partial situs inversus of the abdominal viscera: visualization of the spleen by dynamic and static 99mTc-sulfur colloid imaging and 51Cr-labeled red blood cell sequestration imaging.

In a patient with right-sided stomach and malrotation of the small bowel and cecum visualized by gastrointestinal x-ray studies using barium, a right-sided spleen was demonstrated by 99mTc-sulfur colloid and 51Cr-labeled red blood cell imaging. The sulfur colloid study also demonstrated that the liver was in its usual right upper quadrant location.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

An electron microscope study of the perfusion-fixed spleen. II. Fine structure of the sinus lining cells with respect to filamentous structures in monkey spleens.

In the perfusion-fixed spleen of monkey (Macaca mulatta) were studied with the electron microscope the cytoplasmatic structures of the sinus lining cells. The particular interest find the contractile filaments in this cells, which are important for the cell contraction. The connections to the smooth endoplasmatic reticulum are very strong as in the muscle fiber or muscle cell.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Influence of classic immunosuppressants on spleen colony formation in mice. 3. Concentration of colony forming units in bone marrow and spleens of cyclophosphamide-treated mice.

The concentration of colony forming units (CFU) increased nonsignificantly in bone marrow, and significantly in spleens of cyclophosphamide-treated mice, but there was no increase in the absolute number of CFU in these organs due to decreased celullarity. The serum of mice pretreated with cyclophosphamide seems to have colony-stimulating activity.

Animals↗