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Results for “social touch”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Body tactile stimulation intensifies appeasement behavior in a cichlid fish.

Social touch, provided by body tactile stimulation (TS), is known to trigger appeasement behavior and social stability in mammals. Recent studies have shown that TS also plays a role in regulating social interactions in fish by reducing aggression between individuals. While this effect may stem from decreased aggression in dominants, the potential contribution of increased appeasement behavior in subordinates has been overlooked. Here, we investigated whether TS facilitates the onset of appeasement behavior in the cichlid fish Geophagus iporangensis, a species that exhibits clear dominance-subordination relationships. Isolated individuals were assigned to one of two treatments, either with TS (provided by plastic sticks lined with silicone bristles) or without it for 21 days. Then, each fish was paired with a socially experienced dominant individual to enable rapid hierarchy resolution. Initial appeasement scores did not differ between treatments. However, individuals who experienced TS exhibited significantly higher appeasement scores during the final 5 min of the contest than the control group. Additionally, fish under TS showed an increase in the appeasement score after 10 min of agonistic interaction, while it did not change in the treatment without TS. Overall, this study provides the first evidence that TS can mitigate aggressive interactions by intensifying subordinates' appeasement behavior, thereby affecting social dynamics similarly to mammals.

aggression↗
PubMed1979

A multivariate twin analysis of within-family environmental influences in infants' social responsiveness.

Observational measures of social responsiveness were obtained for twin infants. The structure of within-family environmental influences was assessed by correlating identical twin pair differences for 13 behaviors in seven social settings. Factor analysis of the difference score matrix yielded one interpretable factor. This factor indicated that within-family environmental influences were not completely random but may exert a systematic effect on social behavior in several situations.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1978

Social origins of depression: a reply.

Many of the criticisms of our work made by Tennant & Bebbington in the current edition of this journal touch on issues which have already been discussed in our recent book Social Origins of Depression. We do not think that any of their points pose significant threats to our aetiological model of depression. We welcome this opportunity to clarify their questions about our data, and to use their re-analysis of our material as a basis for a wider discussion of certain general aspects of the statistical analysis and interpretation of data and the pitfalls which await the unwary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Social experience affects the development of dendritic spines and branches on tectal interneurons in the jewel fish.

African jewel fish reared with eyeless cave fish, but without visual-tactile contact with conspecifics, exhibit hyperresponsive behavior after release in community aquaria. Because the optic tectum might be affected by these restraints on visual experience, unreleased members of the same social isolate group were compared histologically with controls reared in community aquaria. Using the rapid Golgi method, we counted dendritic spines and branches on pyriform interneurons between 402 and 529 days of age. As compared with isolates, control group interneurons exhibited significantly more spines and primary branches on apical dendrites in deep tectal layers. Our focus is the relation between experiential differences in rearing conditions and synaptic changes in the deep tectal layers.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Sign language and multisensory input training of children with communication and related developmental disorders.

This report deals with the preliminary findings of a research project on simultaneous communication and multisensory input in the treatment of six autistic and communication disordered children. The children, aged 5 to 12, were taught manually signed English and speech using a multisensory-intrusion approach. The hypothesis was that such a technique would serve to alleviate the children's difficulties in information processing, organization of experience, and affect. The dependent measures were behavioral ratings derived from both structured (teaching) and unstructured (free play) sessions. The results indicate that the children manifested a consistent acquisition of sign lanuage, which in some cases transferred into verbal communication skills. Moreover, statistical analyses of some of the observed socioaffective behaviors (i.e., nonsolitary play, interaction with peers and adults, exploration, and detachment) revealed tendencies supportive of the hypothesis. The variability of the data preclude any categorical statement in relation to the hypothesis. However, the preliminary results strongly support the continuation of the study.

Auditory Perception↗
PubMed1978

Hormonal and cardiac response of autistic children to changes in environmental stimulation.

A study was made of physiological responses of autistic children to variations in environmental load in order to examine the under- versus over-arousal dichotomy. More specifically, measures of urinary mucoprotein excretion and mean heart rate and three measures of heart rate variability were compared with matched controls in conditions of normal, high, and low total environmental load. The results suggest that, although behaviorally unresponsive, the autistic children responded physiologically, were generally in a lower state of arousal than the control group, and were labile in response to changes in stimulation.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1976

Toward a theory of human disease.

The importance of the idea of human disease is revealed by the attention that it receives in both the social and biological sciences. It is striking, thus, that despite its certrality and fundamental relevance to an understanding of man and his social institutions, no theory which exclusively addresses human disease has been developed. The purpose of this paper is to set forth a preliminary outline of a theory of human disease. In the paper, an exploratory approach is followed. That is, the requirements of and problem areas which a theory of disease should explain are touched on. The material draws from literature in both the social and biological sciences. Some attempt is made to link the material to contemporary questions in these fields.

Anthropology↗
PubMed1979

A social learning approach to vocational training of the severely retarded.

Seven severely retarded adults from a small rural developmental centre were treated for in appropriate vocational behaviour in the centre's workshop. Target types of behaviour were accurate and efficient performance of three types of operationally defined work behaviour collectively called work skills. Specific inappropriate behaviour for individual residents included chin wiping, inappropriate touching, and eyes off task. Training involved providing instructions, performance feedback, role-playing, and social and monetary reinforcers, which resulted in improvement in all types of targeted behaviour. Follow-up four weeks after treatment was conducted revealed a maintenance of gains on target behaviour.

Education of Persons with Intellectual Disabilitie↗
PubMed1978

Use of value clarification methods in venereal disease education.

The use of values clarification methods offers a means of dealing with the social-emotional stigmas associated with venereal diseass. It has become apparent that the facts alone are not sufficient in motivating the individual to seek treatment and cooperate in the epidemiologic process. This article suggests techniques of educating students or patients in order to get them in touch with their own feelings, attitudes, and prejudices. It also fosters understanding of the prevalent social myths and misconceptions about venereal diseases.

Attitude↗
PubMed1977

Touch: a computerized bibliography.

A computerized bibliography of references relating to "touch" has been prepared. It currently contains approximately 4000 references which belong under the following general categories--physiology and neurophysiology; sensation; perception; cognition; social, cultural, and developmental issues; clinical pathology; the deaf and blind; tactile communication and tactile aesthetics. References have been obtained primarily from the Psychological Abstracts, with classification codes added on the basis of the abstract's content. Master copies and keyword searches may be obtained on the most up-to-date version of the bibliography.

Bibliographies as Topic↗