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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1976

[Influence of small intestine shunt and small intestine resection on gastrin secretion].

In 10 healthy controls, in 3 patients with subtotal resection of the small intestine and in 7 patients with jejuno-ileal bypass gastric ackd secretion and serum gastrin were determined in the basal state and after stimulation. The patients with short bowel revealed basal and pentagastrin stimulated gastric acid secretion in the lower normal range. Hypergastrinaemia, however, was present in these patients in the basal state and after food stimulation of gastrin release, while in patients with jejuno-ileal bypass basal and postprandial serum gastrin concentrations were within the normal range. These data suggest, that hypergastrinaemia in patients with short bowel is due to dimished gastrin catabolism and that the small intestine plays a significant role in gastrin inactivation.

Gastrins↗
PubMed1979

Leiomyosarcomas of the small intestine.

Small bowel leiomyosarcomas are uncommon but potentially curable tumors often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Twenty such lesions were studied, and 19 of these produced symptoms and signs. Clinical findings included abdominal pain in 17 (85%), rectal bleeding in 8 (40%), anemia in 7 (35%), intraperitoneal perforation in 6 (30%), and abdominal mass in 4 (20%). Various abdominal x-ray examinations revealed nonspecific abnormalities (ileus, bowel obstruction, abdominal mass) in about half the cases in which they were obtained, but in only one instance was the correct diagnosis of small bowel tumor made preoperatively. Five of 12 patients undergoing resection in hope of cure survived five years. These tumors tend to metastasize by hematogenous dissemination, peritoneal implantation, local invasion, and, uncommonly, lymphogenous spread. Wide small bowel resection with adjacent mesentery is suggested for most lesions. Five year survival following resection approximates 50% in reported series.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Intestinal hypertrophy after small intestinal bypass in the rat. Studies on methods and reversibility of changes.

A jejuno-ileostomy was created in rats, bupassing 85--90% of the small intestine, by means of a self-emptying blind loop. Control animals were subjected to laparotomy and suture-making of vie intestinal segments. At the end of the experiments, intestinal wet and dry weight and villus height were determined in the five different segments of the small intestine taken from both experimental and control animals. After 2 weeks, a significant hypertrophy occurred in the functioning part of the small intestine of the shunt-operated animals, while an atrophy occurred in the blind loop. In a shunt-operated group of animals, the normal anatomy was re-established after 2 weeks and the animals were sacrificed 4 weeks later and compared with (a) control animals, (b) shunt-operated animals. In the re-operated animals, the hypertrophic changes disappeared and, except for the increased wet weight of one jejunal and one ileal segment (p less than 0.05), there were no significant differences in comparison with the control animals. The villus height did not differ significantly from that of the control animals, except for the second jejunal segment, whicntestine of the rat, developing during the 2 weeks after establishment of a jejuno-ileal bypass, are reversible within 4 weeks.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Effects of diets containing dried whey on the lactase activity of the small intestinal mucosa and the contents of the small intestine and cecum of the pig.

Two studies were conducted to establish the effects of dietary lactose supplied from dried whey on the lactase activity in the contents of the small intestine and cecum as well as the mucosa of the small intestine. In the first study, feeding 0, 10, 25, or 40% dried whey for 120 days did not alter the mucosal lactase specific activity (mumoles galactose released/mg protein) in the duodenum, upper jejunum, or lower ileum. In the second study, total lactase activity in the small intestine was estimated from the total activity found in 10-cm segments of each meter of small intestine. Feeding a diet containing 40% whey continuously from weaning at 5 weeks of age or from 12 weeks of age did not alter the total lactase activity of pigs killed at 21 weeks of age. Dietary lactose tended to increase the lactase activity in the contents of the cecum and small intestine, but the increases were not always statistically significant. In the second study, Chester White pigs had approximately threefold greater mucosal lactase activities than that of Hampshires. These two breeds may be suitable models for detailed studies into the relationships between lactase deficiency and lactose intolerance.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Histological findings following experimental resection of the small intestine].

The small intestine remaining after resection of up to 50% of the small intestine in young rats was studied continuously in serial sections. Morphological changes in the area of the serous surface, the strength of the musculature, the number and length of villi per section and the surface index were scrutinized. Statistical evaluation and the discussion (with the results of authors who have been concerned with the same problem) showed that a true hyperplasia of the mucosa and of the whole gut wall with an increase in the number of villi occurs in animals with a resectioned small intestine. Thus it could be demonstrated that functional integrity is restored by morphological changes in the residual gut which are based on hyperplasia and hypertrophy.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Hypersensitivity reactions in the small intestine. IV. Influence of allograft rejection on small intestinal mucosal architecture: a scanning and transmission electron microscope study.

The effect of a local delayed hypersensitivity reaction (allograft rejection) on small intestinal architecture has been examined by using scanning electron microscopy of the mucosal surface. In isografts, regarded as a morphological basis for normality of the system, the villi appeared normal and finger like. In allografts the appearances ranged from fairly normal areas to others with stunted and ridged villi, and flat areas in which crypt mouths opened on to the flat mucosal surface. The fine structure of epithelial cells was studied further by transmission electron microscopy. There was an apparent reduction in the size of the microvillous border in allografts but no other consistent abnormality. The similarities between this model of allograft rejection, and untreated coeliac disease in man, are highlighted and contrasted with the effects of acute radiation injury on the intestine.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Surface staining of small intestinal biopsies.

Small intestinal biopsies are most often by routine examined under a stereo-microscope, prior to embedding for histological examination. This is done in order to get a view of the appearance of the mucosal pattern, especially villus configuration. The distinctness of the surface pattern however, is improved considerably if the biopsies are stained with Alcian Green and/or PAS before they are examined. In the present paper a detailed description is given of staining of small intestinal biopsies as whole mounts. The difference between the unstained and the stained biopsies is illustrated by a few examples.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1977

An electron microscopic study of intraepithelial lymphocytes in human fetal small intestine.

Human small intestine was obtained from fetuses at 8 to 20 weeks of gestation. The tissues were examined by electron microscopy. Lymphocytes were present as isolated cells in the mucosal mesenchyme as early as the 8th week of intrauterine life and were found, in increasing numbers, in the epithelium of specimens obtained from 11- to 20-week-old fetuses. All intraepithelial lymphocytes were located in the lateral spaces between contiguous columnar cells. Some displayed cytoplasmic pseudopods and were thought to migrate within the extracellular spaces of the epithelial layer. Surface invaginations and cytoplasmic vesicles in fetal lymphocytes suggested that these cells were capable of pinocytotic activity. The possibile origin and function of lymphocytes in fetal small intestine are discussed.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1977

[Endométriosis of the small intestine. Report of 4 new cases of stenosis of the small intestine (author's transl)].

The authors report 4 new cases of stenosis of the small intestine of endometrial origin. They emphasize the rareness of these stenosing forms which in most recent series intervened in 1 case of endometriosis out of 1,000 (Martinbeau). They consider the various clinical presentations encountered, asymptomatic forms discovered by chance, forms associated with suggestive gynecological disorders, chronic stenosis of the small intestine or presentation with intestinal obstruction. They consider the diagnostic difficulty in the isolated forms (2 cases) in the absence of pelvi-genital lesions. Among the positive factors, they consider the recrudescence during theperiods of the digestive signs, the macroscopic appearance of the lesions and, above all, the mucosal integrity noted on opening the specimen after intestinal resection. Finally, they consider certain special problems, that of bi-polar intestinal involvement with double localisation, involving the ileum and the recto-sigmoid areas.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Light and scanning electron microscopic observations of the effects of sublethal doses of methotrexate on the rat small intestine.

The small intestines of adult rats were examined by light and scanning-electron microscopy after sublethal doses of methotrexate were injected at 5, 3 and 1 mg, respectively, per rat per day, for three days. Methotrexate inhibited mitosis and thereby disrupted the steady state system of the epithelium. Villi and crypts progressively diminished up to about four and one-half days after the initial injection. Thereafter, recovery began and, by day 7, relatively normal morphology was restored. In the degenerative phase, the loss of crypt-villus continuum was frequently observed, the former crypts forming cyst-like structures. The columnar cells became flat and pleomorphic but epithelial continuity was maintained. Goblet cells apparently decreased in number. Paneth cells, especially in the ileum, appreciably increased in size and number. During the recovery phase, the cystic crypts apparently re-established continuity with the villus epithelium. Size and proportion of all epithelial cell types returned to normal. Scanning electron microscopy showed villus fusion and the cellular pleomorphism and loss of microvilli during the degenerative phase. During recovery of the villi some alteration in orientation and shape remained as shown by scanning electron microscopy.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Two cases of complicated intestinal lipoma. Review of small intestinal lipomas.

Two cases of solitary small intestinal lipoma are presented. One occured in the duodenum as a submucosal pedunculated polyp with a bleeding ulcerated surface. This was diagnosed by means of the fiberoptic duodenoscope (Olympus D1G2). The second involved a large massive submucosal lipoma which formed the leading edge of an intussusception resulting in small bowel obstruction. A brief review of the pathology, complications, symptoms, radiographic diagnosis and treatment of small intestinal lipomas is given.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Vitamin K2 absorption by rat everted small intestinal sacs.

Small intestinal absorption of vitamin K2 was investigated in vitro. Experiments with increasing concentrations of the vitamin up to 900 nM revealed linerity between the concentration and the rate of absorption (r = 0.99). Addition of metabolic uncouplers and inhibitors such as 2,4-dinitrophenol, sodium azide, and potassium cyanide did not decrease the rate of absorption of the vitamin (P less than 0.05). Absorption rate of the vitamin increased when taurocholate was replaced by a nonionic detergent, Pluronic F-68. The addition of butyric and octanoic acids to the incubation solution caused an increase in the absorption rate of vitamin K2. No change in the absorption of the vitamin occurred in the presence of oleic and linoleic acid. Addition to vitamins K1 and K3 to the incubation solution did not change the rate of vitamin K2 absorption. These findings suggest that vitamin K2 is absorbed by the small bowel by a passive noncarrier-mediated diffusion process. The rate of diffusion varied when the lipid and bile salt composition of the incubation solution was modified. Distal intestinal absorption of vitamin K from bacterial sources coupled with colonic absorption of the vitamin may be the major constant source of vitamin K in mammals.

Animals↗