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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

[The effect of changes in the bones of the skull due to Mediterranean anaemia on the shape of the skull and the formation of the cranial cavity (author's transl)].

The head and skull in patients with Mediterraneen anaemia show often a marked change of the external shape due mainly to the considerable enlargement of the cranial bones. From the abnormal external appearance the suspicion may arise that the form and space of the internal cranial cavity are likewise affected and even the basic structure of the skull is altered. However, a detailed investigation of the principal angles, distances and characteristic structures of the skull made on lateral roentgenograms of these patients, a comparison of the results between cases with different intensity of the osseous changes and a confrontation with the findings in normal individuals proved that there were no major discrepancies. The essential features of the human skull were always preserved. Only in some cases with severe alterations of the cranial bones a few small deviations from the normal values could be noticed and in a little number of them signs of a slight narrowing of the cranial cavity werde to be observed. This way was probably caused by a very early, rapid and extreme enlargement of the cranial bones resulting in a kind of "premature panzer-skull."

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Stereotaxic: measurements of the skull cap and skull base in merino sheep (Ovis aries L.)].

On the 14 skulls of 6-month old merino labms, stereotaxical measurements were carried out. Not only individual variations were found, but they also dependent on sex. A small assymetry was found on the diagrams of frontal measurements of the skull cap and base. The point bregma is more variable than the lambda. The position of the cranial third of the skull base in 6 month old lambs is not yet constant and until adult age it will shift about 30 degrees to 35 degrees dorsalward and forward. Since the skull cap and base do not grow parallely, and their cranial part has not constant position, we do not recommended this age group for chronic experiments with implanted electrodes. Owing to smaller variations of the skull cap and base and nearer position of the sutura sagittalis toward the medial line, male lambs would be more suitable for short-term experiments and for the stereotactic atlas of deep brain structures.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intracranial aneurysm and hemorrhage following skull caliper traction. Review of skull traction complications.

Serious complications of caliper skull traction for fracture-dislocations of the cervical spine are so rare that they are not discussed in most standard textbooks. A fusiform intracranial aneurysm which followed the placement of skull tongs is reported. Subsequent aneurysmal rupture produced an intracerbral hematoma requiring drainage. The literature recording the complications of skull caliper traction is reviewed and the indications for skull traction and the need for scrupulous surgical technique are emphasized.

Cerebral Hemorrhage↗
PubMed1979

[Comparison of anthropometric and radiometric skull measurements of the first two years of life. 2nd Part: Results (normal values) of kephalometric data -- results of linear metrics of the skull and planimetric results of x-ray analysis (author's transl)].

Statistical criteria allow the results of researches on head resp. skull measurements of more than 1200 infants of Erfurt to be taken as normal values, yielding slightly larger figures as up to now in use. Optimum appreciation of growth requires combination of all methods mentioned.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1977

[Cloverleaf skull and other malformations of the skull. Pathology and clinical aspect].

Malformations of different parts of the cartilage results in achondrogenesis II, thanatophoric dwarfism and in metatropic dwarfism. Whether the base of the skull or the cranial-distal skeleton are affected, both together or separately, depends upon the localization of the defect within the cartilage. The different types of the cloverleaf syndrome are characterised by a defect of vessels and cartilage that affect the chondrocranium and the cranial-distal skeleton in different grades. The mal-development of the vessel-system is particularly marked in the upper back of the calotte.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1976

[Radiological determination of skull thickness and skull thickness increase in patients with severe blood dyscrasias and hyperplasia of the red marrow (author's transl)].

A method is described for measuring the thickness of the cranial bones in x-ray pictures of the skull, which in a reliable way can only be done in the frontal and the parietal bones. From the results, representative and comparable values have been obtained consisting of the mean and maximum thickness of the bones and of the mean deviation of the thickness in the bone. By using these values, the thickness has been determined in normal persons and the increase of thickness established in different patients suffering from a number of blood disorders. A scale of increasing degrees of thickening could be set up ranging form normal conditions to extraordinary enlargement. As the thickening of the bones is due to the hyperactivity of the red marrow contained in the bones, and the increase of thickness depends on the intensity of the overgrowth of the marrow and of the time of its action on the osseous substance, from the thickness of the bones a conclusion can be drawn regarding the presence, the severity and the duration of the existing blood disorder. Since, moreover, the enlargement of the bones is irreversible, an increased thickness of the cranial bones may, in patients without alterations in the blood, point to a former blood disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Autogenous skull cranioplasty: fresh and preserved (frozen), with consideration of the cellular response.

Every craniotomy requires immediate replacement of a fresh autograft of skull or, in the presence of cerebral swelling, delayed reimplantation of preserved autogenous skull. Resumption of osteogenesis, the index of viability, determines the effectiveness of these segments of calvaria in protecting the brain and restoring skull conformity. The cellular response in skull replaced either at the end of craniotomy or after frozen preservation was studied by light and fluorescence microscopy, skull roentgenograms, and radionuclide scintigraphy. In 5 patients eventual total remodeling of skull was found at the time of a second craniotomy performed from 1 to 19 years after the first. In 12 patients skull sections removed aseptically at craniotomy were frozen and stored for 1 to 35 months at -20 degrees C in bacitracin. This cytotoxic preservative method fixed the tissue, which appeared unchanged on light microscopy and was sterile on bacteriological and fungal cultures. In 53 patients who underwent autogenous cranioplasty with skull stored frozen for 3 weeks to 19 months, 48 operations were totally successful. Complications included infections in 2 patients, resorption in 2 infants, and incomplete restoration in 1 adult. In 10 patients the sequential dynamics of skull revitalization were found to be: revascularization, resorption, and accretion. The repair of membranous skull is similar to that of endochondral bone of the skeleton. Skull is metabolically intensely active after reimplantation and is the ideal material for cranioplasty.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

A second look at the utility of radiographic skull examination for trauma.

A prospective study tested the hypothesis of Bell and Loop (1971) that 21 high yield findings are significantly associated with the presence of a skull fracture and can be used to decide which patients need skull radiography. In our study, 17 fractures were detected in 594 patients who had skull radiography because of trauma to the head. Six of these fractures occurred in children who had none of the 21 Bell and Loop high yield findings. These six patients were asymptomatic except for superficial injury at the site of trauma. Had the Bell and Loop criteria been used to decide which patients had skull radiography, 35% (all in children) of the fractures would have gone undetected. Thus, in our study population, the Bell and Loop high yield findings were not satisfactory criteria for the decision about obtaining skull films in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Experimental studies on the development of human skull fractures].

Pressure tests were performed on certain well-defined points in the median-sagittal plane of soft part covered skulls of 40 human corpses. It was found that the elastic behaviour of the skull obeys Hooke's law, thus the modulus of elasticity is the Ist differential quotient in the stress-strain diagram. Beside the vectorial nature of the compression force the point of application is also of decisive importance. The globe-ellipsoid theories do not correspond to the structure of human skulls. Autopsy revealed over 50% more confirmed fractures than the X-ray pictures. This contradiction in the diagnosis of fractures on the human skull can be reduced by series of X-ray pictures. The lines of the fractures run to the most part along the Benninghoff--Goerttler pillars of strength. Additional biostatic parameters (maximum load before breaking, coefficient of elasticity, stress, elongation etc.) were also obtained which permit an insight into the specific mechanic structure of the human skull and its load-bearing ability.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Multi-projection skull x-rays].

An X-ray method of examination of the skull bones is discussed which is used for detecting multiple small perforating defects in the skull of various localization, determination of the localization of foreign bodies in relation to definite anatomical structures, identification of the displacement of the bone fragments into the cranial cavity, and for the diagnosis of multiple infractions of the cerebral skull. Besides two antero-posterior craniograms, radiograms were taken in additional oblique views with the head turned to the right or to the left in the interval of 20 to 45 degrees. The guiding points for the direction of the X-ray heam are: the lateral border of the superciliary arch, the midpoint between the lateral border of the superciciliary arch and the external acoustic meatus, the midpoint between the external acoustic meatus and the external occipital protuberance. The effectiveness of the method was tested on a skull phantom and verified by observations over 3 patients with multiple infractions of the skull bones.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Post-natal growth of the skull in the house mouse Mus musculus Linné, 1758, and in 2 different large subspecies of the field mouse Microtus arvalis Pallas, 1779. II. Results (I)].

Postnatal skull ontogeny of Mus musculus, Microtus arvalis arvalis and M. a. asturianus was studied qualitatively and quantitatively. To facilitate age determination for undated specimens, the most important stages in ossification of the skull bones are described, with drawings of selected ontogenetic stages (Part I). Using Parameter C of the growth function Y(t) = A - B exp (- Ct), it is possible to establish skull growth gradients. The growth functions are subdivided into 3 classes, based on Parameter C, associated with different growth regions of the skull. Changes in individual skull proportions are demonstrated by means of ontogenetic and intraspecific allometries.

Animals↗