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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

Total serum protein, serum protein fractions and serum immunoglobulins in colostrum-fed and colostrum-deprived calves.

Total serum protein levels, serum protein fraction levels, and specific serum immunoglobulin class or subclass levels were measured in colostrum-fed (CF) and colostrum-deprived (CD) calves during the first 144 hours after birth. Total serum protein values increased at 24 hours in the CF group and then decreased slightly at 144 hours. The increase in total serum protei5) in beta1-, beta2-, and gamma-globulins. The beta2- and gamma-globulin levels decreased by 144 hours, while the serum level of beta1-globulin continued to increase. The CD calves exhibited a significant decrease (P less than 0.05) in total serum protein at 24 hours, folhours, the level of beta1-globulin inlowed by a significant increase (P less than 0.05) at 144 hours. At 24 hours, the level of beta1-globulin decreased slightly, and the level of beta2- and gamma-globulins increased slightly. At 144 creased, and the level of gamma-globulin decreased. The beta2-globulin level did not change. At birth, immunoglobulin (Ig) M was detected in 5 of the 10 calves, IgG1 in 6 of the 10 calves, and IgG2 in 3 of the 10 calves. By 24 hours after birth, all CF calves had detectable levels of IgM, IgG1, and IgG2, and there were significant increases (P less than 0.01) in the mean serum levels of all 3 immunoglobulins. By 144 hours after birth, the serum levels of IgM, IgG1, and IgG2 decreased to various degrees. At 24 hours, the IgM level had not increased in CD calves; however, the level of IgG2 appeared to increase slightly, and the mean IgG1 level increased by approximately 50%. By 144 hours after birth, there was a significant increase (P less than 0.01) in the mean level of serum IgM. The level of IgG, also appeared to increase substantially, while the level of IgG2 appeared to increase slightly.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Increased serum prolactin in diabetic ketoacidosis; correlation between serum sodium and serum prolacting concentration.

In 8 patients with diabetic ketoacidosis, serum prolactin was measured and found to be elevated (24.8 +/- 10.2 ng/ml, mean +/- SEM). After correction of the ketoacidosis, the prolactin level decreased to 10.9 +/- 6.4 ng/ml (normal range men 4.9 +/-0.8, women 5.1 +/- 1.6 ng/ml). The scatter of prolactin values was wide. A study of the correlation between the serum prolactin values and chemical parameters that are altered in diabetic ketoacidosis was therefore undertaken. Serum prolactin values did not correlate well with the serum bicarbonate concentration or serum osmolality. However, a significant negative correlation between log serum prolactin concentration and serum sodium concentration was demonstrated (r = -0.61, P less than 0.01). It is suggested that serum prolactin may possible participate in sodium retention in man as has been demonstrated in studies on animals.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Serum thyroxine, serum % -- T3 -- binding, and serum T3 in Zambians.

Serum total thyroxine (T4) was measured in clinically euthyroid and clinically hyperthyroid subjects, using the method of competitive protein binding. In 26 euthyroid subjects the mean +/- 1SD was 7.7 +/- 1.8 micrograms/dl and in 17 clinically hyperthyroid subjects, the mean +/- 1SD was 18.1 +/- 3.1 micrograms/dl. This difference is statistically significant. Serum % 125(1) -- T3 binding was measured using the principle of competition for 125(1) -- T3 between the unknown serum and the resin in the assay kit. In 18 clinically euthyroid subjects, the mean +/- 1SD was 112.6 +/- 4.4 % while in 14 clinically hyperthyroid subjects the % 125(1) -- T3 binding had a mean +/- 1SD of 71.4 +/- 11%. The difference is statistically significant. Serum total triiodothyronine was measured by radioimmunoassay. In 31 clinically euthyroid subjects the mean +/- 1SD was 146 +/- 19.8 ng/dl while in 19 clinically hyperthyroid sugjects the mean +/- 1SD was 390 +/- 111 ng/dl. This difference is statistically significant. There was a negative correlation which was not statistically significant between the serum T4 and % T3 binding. The measurements of these thyroid function indices were precise.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The radio immune level of total serum oestriol during pregnancy. An examination of the method and comparison of the concentrations of total serum oestriol, non-conjugated serum oestriol and the excretion of total urinary oestrogens (author's transl)].

The authors report on a preliminary study of the level of total serum oestriol in the third trimester of pregnancy by the bundle method of estimating this with "oestriol 1251 RIA Kit" (Amersham, Buchler). The criteria on which the quality of the method depends, viz, sensitivity, specificity, reliability, and accuracy, together with its practicability are satisfactory. Correlations between total serum oestriol and free serum oestriol and total urinary oestrogens are good and correspond with those given in the literature. This method therefore can be used in clinical practice. All the same, it still has to be established which parameter better reflects the feto-placental state. Is it the free serum oestriol or the total serum oestriol?

Estriol↗
PubMed1975

The significance of serum progesterone and serum unconjugated oestradiol-17beta in unaborted hydatidiform mole.

Both serum progesterone and serum unconjugated oestradiol-17beta (Oe2) were measured by competitive protein binding assay and radioimmunoassay respectively in 42 cases of unaborted hydatidiform mole. Serum human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) was measured by a haemagglutination-inhibition technique. In 26 cases of intact molar pregnancies without theca lutein cysts (TLC), serum progesterone ranged from 18.0 to 289.0 ng/ml with a mean +/- standard error of the mean (SEM) of 65.9 +/- 13.1 ng/ml; serum Oe2 ranged from 4.0 to 37.0 ng/ml with a mean +/- SEM of 17.9 +/- 1.9 ng/ml; serum HCG ranged from 60 to 1920 IU/ml with a mean +/- SEM of 531.5 +/- 105.7 IU/ml. In contrast, 16 cases of intact molar pregnancies with TLC had serum progesterone ranging from 34.1 to 288.0 ng/ml with a mean +/- SEM of 134.1 +/- 2.4 ng/ml; serum Oe2 ranging from 1.7 to 76.3 ng/ml with a mean +/- SEM of 31.5 +/- 5.3 ng/ml; serum HCG ranging from 320 to 2560 IU/ml with a mean +/- SEM 1400 +/- 196.2 ng/ml. The differences between the mean of these three hormones in hydatidiform mole with and without TLC were significant (progesterone: P less than 0.005; Oe2: P less than 0,0125; HCG: P less than 0.005). There was a significant correlation between serum HCG and serum Oe2 (coefficient of correlation r = +0.3565, P less than 0.0125) and between serum Oe2 and serum progesterone (r = +0.3787, P less than 0.0125). There was no significant difference in the mean levels of serum progesterone, Oe2 and HCG in hydatidiform mole with and without subsequent malignant sequelae. The mean ratios of Oe2/progesterone were essentially similar in moles with and without TLC and with and without malignant sequelae. The significance of these findings are discussed.

Choriocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Role of rabbit lysozyme in in vitro serum and plasma serum bactericidal reactions against Bacillus subtilis.

The antibacterial activity of purified rabbit lysozyme was kinetically investigated at concentrations comparable to those in normal rabbit serum and plasma serum. The bactericidal capability, lysozyme content, and electrophoretic composition of "purified beta-lysin," fractionated from normal rabbit serum, were also examined. In contrast to the extensive antibacterial activity of dilute normal rabbit serum observed in vitro, rabbit lysozyme was only weakly bactericidal for Bacillus subtilis. Inhibition of lysozyme enzymatic and bactericidal activities in normal rabbit serum by antilysozyme immunoglobulin G slightly reduced the initial rate of killing. The addition of neutralizing antibody or histamine (another lysozyme inhibitor) to partially purified bactericidal serum fractions had no effect on killing kinetics. Increasing the ionic strength of reaction mixtures containing normal serum or partially purified bactericidal fractions to levels which completely inhibited lysozyme activity resulted in stimulation of their respective killing kinetics. The addition of inhibitors to normal rabbit plasma serum completely eliminated its bactericidal activity. With regard to the killing of B. subtilis by rabbit and human blood fractions, these analyses clearly demonstrated that (i) although lysozyme is not a significant antibacterial component of normal rabbit serum, it represents the principal factor in normal rabbit plasma serum; (ii) different primary bactericidal mechanisms which are not detectable by singlepoint analyses operate in the sera of different species; and (iii) purified beta-lysin isolated from normal rabbit serum by the classical procedure is a heterogenous mixture of components.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Serum testosterone compared with serum zinc in man.

Serum zinc was measured in 154 male and 95 female blood donors. Men had higher serum zinc levels than women, the difference being statistically significant (p less than 0.001). The correlations between serum zinc and serum testosterone, serum zinc and serum FSH and serum zinc and serum LH were studied in 40 men aged 28-60 years and a statistically significant positive correlation was found only between serum zinc and serum testosterone in men of age 36-60 years (p less than 0.005). These results do not support the theory that slight zinc deficiency primarily effects pituitary gonadotropins but indicate that it would rather act on testicular level.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Low serum triiodothyronine and high serum reverse triiodothyronine in old age: an effect of disease not age.

Serum concentrations of T4, T3, T3, free T4, free T3, and TSH were determined in four groups of adult subjects: group A, 27 healthy young volunteers (aged 18-29 yr); group B, 24 carefully selected healthy elderly subjects (aged 70-90 yr); group C, 41 subjects living at a municipal nursing home for the elderly (aged 70-90 yr); and group D, 35 hospitalized patients (aged 70-90 yr). Identical levels of iodothyronines in serum were found in the young and in the elderly healthy subjects. Moderate and severe disease induced alterations in iodothyronine concentrations in serum comparable to those reported earlier. Serum T3 and free T3 levels were low and serum rT3 levels were high in groups C and D subjects; serum free T4 was elevated in group D, while serum T4 was low. Serum TSH was lower in the healthy elderly subjects than in the young subjects. Serum TSH was higher in the elderly sick subjects (groups C and D) than in the healthy subjects (group B). We conclude that advanced age per se is not accompanied by alterations in free or total serum iodothyronine levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Clinical investigation of serum deoxyribonuclease: II. Clinical studies of serum deoxyribonuclease activity in pancreatic disease.

Serum Deoxyribonuclease (DNase) of normal persons and of patients with chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, Diabetes Mellitus, or other malignant diseases was determined with (32P) DNA as substrate. Serum DNase activity was much lower in patients with chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, or other malignant diseases than in control subjects, and serum DNase activity was almost normal in patients with Diabetes Mellitus. There was no correlation between serum DNase and serum amylase, but there was a good correlation between serum DNase and DNase I output in duodenal juice. There was an inverse correlation between serum DNase and serum RNase. These results imply that in the diagnosis of possible pancreatic disorders serum DNase may be a good indicator and thus may be useful for the detection of malignant diseases.

Amylases↗
PubMed1979

Effect of fetal calf serum and serum protein fractions on the uptake of liposomal phosphatidylcholine by rat hepatocytes in primary monolayer culture.

We studied the effect of fetal calf serum and serum proteins fractions on the interaction of phospholipid vesicles consisting of phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol and dicetylphosphate (molar ratio 7 : 2 : 1), with rat liver parenchymal cells in a primary monolayer culture. During incubation of such vesicles with fetal calf serum part of the labeled phosphatidylcholine is transferred to a lipoprotein particle similar to the one we identified previously as a derivative of high density lipoprotein (Scherphof, G., Roerdink, F.H., Waite, M. and Parks, J. (1978) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 542, 296--307). When the particle thus formed is incubated with the cells a transfer of the phospholipid label to the cells is observed. When vesicles are incubated with the cells in presence of serum such lipoprotein-mediated lipid transfer may conceivably contribute to the total lipid uptake observed. However, we found that the presence of fetal calf serum in the culture medium greatly diminished rather than increased the total transfer of liposomal lipid to the cells. Also bovine serum albumin and bovine beta-globulins reduced this transfer, although to a lesser extent than whole serum. alpha-Globulins, on the other hand, were as effective as complete serum in reducing the uptake of liposomal phospholipid. A gamma-globulin fraction failed to exhibit any effect on the uptake of [14C]phosphatidylcholine by the cells. All protein fractions which were able to inhibit cellular uptake of liposomal phospholipid were shown to bind to the phospholipid vesicles. Furthermore, lipid vesicles reincubated with fetal calf serum and then separated from it showed reduced transfer of labeled phosphatidylcholine ot parenchymal cells. These observation were taken to suggest that the diminished uptake of liposomal lipid may be caused by a modification of tm proteins. On the other hand, we cannot rule out that plasma membrane modifications are involved in the mechanism of inhibition as well.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The specificity and nature of serum-angiotensin-converting enzyme (serum ACE) elevations in sarcoidosis.

Elevation of serum-angiotensin-converting enzyme (serum ACE) in patients with active sarcoidosis was confirmed in a total of 64 subjects with a mean serum ACE of 15.76+/-7.4 units compared with 6.05+/-2.0 units in 194 patients with other types of respiratory disease. Resolution of the sarcoidosis disease state or therapeutic control with adequate doses of corticosteroids (15 mg prednisone daily) brought the elevated serum ACE levels down into the normal range. A longitudinal study of serum ACE activity was found to be an effective way of judging the therapeutic efficacy of various steroid dosage levels. No other disease state involved in the differential diagnosis of sarcoidosis was found to have elevations of serum ACE activity. However, 6 patients with Gaucher's disease did have elevated serum ACE activity that ranged well above the usual level seen even in patients with sarcoidosis. The two diseases could be readily distinguished in the laboratory by elevated serum acid phosphatase activity in most cases of Gaucher's disease. It would appear that detection of elevated serum ACE levels can be a useful procedure for confirming a diagnosis of active sarcoidosis and for judging the therapeutic response.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Serum diazepam and serum creatine kinase after intra-muscular injection of diazepam in two different vehicles.

Serum diazepam concentration and serum creatine kinase activity (serum CK) were measured in 35 patients (who were divided into three groups (A, B, and C)), over a period of 24 hours after administration of diazepam. An increase in serum CK was regarded as an indication of local muscle injury. In group A, diazepam in a polyethyleneoxydricinolate vehicle was injected intramuscularly; in group B, diazepam in a propyleneglycol-ether alcohol vehicle was injected intramuscularly; and in group C, diazepam was administered orally, combined with intramuscular administration of the vehicle used in group B. The investigation was double-blind and randomized. Serum diazepam absorption expressed as the area under the concentration curve was identical in groups A and C and significantly higher than in group B. Serum CK rose in all groups. The differences among the groups were not significant. There were considerable individual variations in all three groups, and almost half the patients showed no increase in serum CK at all. No negative correlation was found between serum diazepam and serum CK. Thus no effect of muscle injury--if present--on absorption rate could be demonstrated.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1975

[Use of the immune tolerance induction in the production of an antilymphocyte serum (ALS) free of antibodies against serum proteins].

The possibility has been investigated of a direct gain of ALS free of undesirable antibodies against serum proteins by inducing immunologic tolerance in productive animals (pigs). Preliminary experiments made with tolerogenic amounts of 10 and 50 ml of sera and with immunization by the serum alone proved applicability of this method. Electrophoresis showed antibodies against 6 to 7 and 2 to 3 fractions in animals tolerated with 10 and 50 ml respectively, compared to 18 to 20 fractions in the control group, which was not tolerated. This has been confirmed when preparing ALS in practice, where the toleration was carried out with 25 ml of serum or with the same amount of serum with the addition of hemoglobin and immunization by lymphocytes isolated from peripheral blood. Final ALS of untolerated animals contained antibodies against 7 to 8 fractions, whereas that of experimental group tolerated with serum and Hb was free of antibodies against serum protein, hemoglobin included. ALS of the group tolerated with normal serum contained only antibodies against hemoglobin. In vitro tests (i.e. lymphoagglutination t., lymphocytotoxicity t., rosette inhibition t.) proved that by inducing tolerance towards serum protein the activity of ALS was in no was affected. According to the results this method can be employed not only for the preparation of ALS, but also for other purposes, such as preparation of monovalent antisera for immunoelectrophoresis.

Agglutinins↗
PubMed1978

The serum glucose response to glucagon suppression with somatostatin, insulin or antiglucagon serum in depancreatized rats.

Total immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) and immunoreactive glucagon of A cell origin (IRGa) were measured in the serum of normal, sham-operated and depancreatized rats, after the administration of three glucagon antagonists: insulin (5--200 mU/rat/h), somatostatin (SRIF; 100 microgram/kg/h) and antiglucagon serum (AGS, enough to bind three times the calculated total amount of circulating IRG). Since no differences were noted between the responses of normal and sham-operated animals, the values were pooled and used as controls. Pancreatectomy caused a significant increase in serum glucose, IRGa and total IRG and a significant decrease in serum insulin. AGS and SRIF significantly decreased serum glucose in control, but not in depancreatized rats, even though SRIF caused a significant decrease of IRGa in all animals. SRIF significantly decreased plasma insulin in control rats, but did not modify total IRG secretion in either groups. In control rats the minimum effective hypoglycaemic dose of insulin (5 mU/rat/h) may have decreased serum IRGa, but not total IRG. At higher doses (20 mU/rat/h) insulin stimulated glucagon secretion. In depancreatized animals, higher doses of insulin (200 mU/rat/h) were needed to lower serum glucose. On the other hand, a dose of 100 muU/rat/h was sufficient to lower the serum IRG. We conclude that although hyperglucagonaemia may contribute to the hyperglycaemia of the untreated depancreatized rats, the excessive secretion of glucagon is secondary to insulin insufficiency and that, at least in this animal model, the hypoglycaemic action of insulin is only minimally dependent upon its ability to suppress glucagon secretion.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The interrelationships between serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, serum parathyroid hormone and bone changes in anticonvulsant osteomalacia.

Serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-HCC) and serum parathyroid hormone (iPTH) were measured in 59 randomly selected adult epileptic outpatients receiving chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Quantitative morphometric analysis of iliac crest biopsies was performed. A mild degree of osteomalacia was found which was inversely correlated to dietary vitamin D intake. Serum 25-HCC was reduced in the epileptic patients compared to a control group, although dietary intake of vitamin D was higher than the mean daily intake in the Danish population. Serum 25-HCC was positively correlated to dietary vitamin D intake, but not correlated to the severity of bone changes, indicating that other factors than circulating 25-HCC are responsible for the development of anticonvulsant osteomalacia. Serum 25-HCG was inversely correlated to serum iPTH in patients with a low dietary calcium intake. The mean value of serum iPTH was not increased, and there was no correlation between serum iPTH and bone morphometry.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Raised total thyroxine and free thyroxine index but normal free thyroxine. A serum abnormality due to inherited increased affinity of iodothyronines for serum binding protein.

2 people from different families had high levels of serum-thyroxine (T4) and a high free T4 (FT4) index but a normal serum triiodothyronine (T3) and serum-reverse-T3 (rT3). The abnormal serum thyroid hormone profile appeared to be inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Serum-FT4 in affected relatives was normal. The increases in serum-T4 and FT4 index are explained on the basis of an observed increase in affinity of T4 for thyroxine-binding globulin, thyroxine-binding prealbumin, and albumin. The FT4 index did not reflect the true concentration of circulating free T4 in these cases. Thyroid function in the propositi was normal and the results of T4, T3, and rT3 kinetic studies accorded with increased binding of T4 by serum proteins and normal binding of the other iodo-thyronines. This "euthyroid high total T4, normal T3 syndrome" should be kept in mind during diagnostic evaluation of thyroid function.

Female↗
PubMed1975

[Experimental foreign serum pancreatitis. Histologic and histochemical findings in the exocrine pancreas of the mouse after repeated intraperitoneal injections of serum of other species (author's transl)].

Adult white mice were continually treated by intraperitoneal injections of normal serum of various species (neat, horse, man, rabbit, mouse) for 3 hours up to 16 days. Control animals received injections of physiological saline under the same conditions. In the mouse pancreas, the repeated intraperitoneal injections of foreign serum conformably resulted in an interstitial edema, a first granulocytic and histiocytic, later on markedly lymphoplasmactyic interstitial inflammation with single dystrophic acinar cells as well as in a mild intersitial fibrosis after 8 or 16, resp., days of serum application. Histochemically, the exocrine pancreas cells showed a moderate increase in activity of adenosintriphosphatase, nonspecif esterase as well as acid and acaline phosphatase. All the changes described were most considerably pronounced after treatment with bovine serum. The interstitial pancreatitis after continual foreign serum applications regarded as the morphologie expression of a pathogenic immune phenomenon of the serum sickness type in case of a serum sickness reaction taking place preferably in the peritoneal cavity.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1979

Enzymes of collagen biosynthesis in skin and serum and dermatological diseases. II. Serum enzymes.

Serum immunoreactive prolyl hydroxylase protein and galactosylhydroxylysyl glucosyltransferase activity were measured in 54 patients wtih various dermatological diseases and compared with corresponding values in 32 control subjects. These serum enzymes were at the control level in the great majority of the patients, and no correlation was found between serum and skin enzymes, except for one weak correlation in lichen ruber planus. Some patients with psoriasis, lichen ruber planus, keloids, erythema nodosum or chronic discoid lupus erythematosus, however, did have at least one of these enzymes elevated in the serum, and a significant correlation (P less than 0.01) between the two enzymes was found in the total disease material. Thus it does seem that diseases limited only to the skin can sometimes raise these serum enzyme levels. The mean levels of serum immunoreactive prolyl hydroxylase and galactosylhydroxylysyl glucosyltransferase activity were significantly elevated (P less than 0.001) in active systemic connective tissue diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma or dermatomyositis compared with the controls, and 4 out of 7 values for immunoreactive prolyl hydroxylase and 3 out of 7 for galactosylhydroxylysyl glucosyltransferase activity were above the 95% confidence limit of the controls. Since the levels of the skin enzymes were not elevated in most of these patients, however, the main sources for the elevated serum enzymes were probably tissues other than the skin.

Adolescent↗