Identification of the Novel HLA-A*02:559 Allele by Sanger Dideoxy Nucleotide Sequencing.
HLA-A*02:559 differs from HLA-A*02:01:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 188 in exon 4.
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HLA-A*02:559 differs from HLA-A*02:01:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 188 in exon 4.
HLA-B*35:359 differs from HLA-B*35:01:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution at position 650 (C → T) in exon 4.
The HLA-DPB1*1772:01 allele differs from HLA-DPB1*05:01:01:01 by a single non-synonymous nucleotide change in exon 2.
HLA-DPB1*1790:01 differs from HLA-DPB1*02:02:01:01 by a single non-synonymous nucleotide change in exon 2.
HLA-DPB1*1730:01 differs from HLA-DPB1*107:01:01:01 by a single non-synonymous nucleotide change in exon 4.
HLA-C*08:294 allele differs from HLA-C*08:01:01:01 by a single non-synonymous nucleotide change in exon 3.
HLA-DQB1*06:528 differs from HLA-DQB1*06:09:01:01 by a single non-synonymous nucleotide change in exon 2.
HLA-B*13:187 differs from HLA-B*13:01:01:01 by a single non-synonymous nucleotide change in exon 3.
HLA-A*33:284 differs from HLA-A*33:03:01:01 by a single non-synonymous nucleotide change in exon 4.
HLA-A*24:668 differs from HLA-A*24:02:01:01 by a single non-synonymous nucleotide change in exon 2.
HLA-A*02:1259 differs from HLA-A*02:07:01:01 by two non-synonymous nucleotide changes in exon 3.
HLA-C*07:640:02 differs from HLA-C*07:640:01 by a single non-synonymous nucleotide change in exon 3.
The HLA-B*46:106 allele differs from HLA-B*46:01:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 66 in exon 2.
The HLA-C*03:712 allele differs from HLA-C*03:03:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 61 in exon 2.
Three synthetic oligonucleotides were prepared to be complementary to known regions of the mouse immunoglublin light chain mRNA, and their ability to prime the transcription of complementary DNA (cDNA) was studied. The sequence of the cDNA was determined by adapting for mRNA the DNA sequencing method of Sanger, Nicklen and Coulson (1977) which uses 2'3' dideoxy ribonucleotides. A continuous sequence of 532 nucleotides was obtained, 321 corresponding to the whole of the constant region of the mRNA and the remaining 211 being the complete 3' noncoding region of the mRNA. The termination codon U-A-G occurs at the expected position in the mRNA corresponding to the triplet following the C terminal cystine. The nucleotide sequence is partially corroborated by the sequence of fragments obtained previously from 32P-mRNA fingerprints and endonuclease IV digests of 32P-cDNA, and is in agreement with the amino acid sequence of the constant region, except for a rearrangement of four amino acids (between amino acid positions 163 and 166). A revision of the amino acid sequence confirms the nucleic acid sequence.
After polyadenylation in vitro of the influenza virus RNA segment which contains the coding information for the matrix protein, a cDNA copy can be made using the primer p(dT)8-dA and reverse transcriptase. The sequence of 166 nucleotides of the cDNA was determined by a modification [Brownlee, G. G. & Cartwright, E. M. (1977) J. Mol. Biol, 114, 93--117] of the plus/minus method [Sanger, F. & Coulson, A. R. (1975) J. Mol. Biol. 94, 441--481] and adaptation of the "dideoxy" method [Sanger, F., Nicklen, S. & Coulson, A. R. (1977) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74, 5463--5467] for sequencing DNA. The cDNA sequences is of the same sense as the mRNA for matrix protein and contains a potential initiating codon, d(ATG), at position 26--28. When matrix protein purified from virus particles was digested with chymotrypsin or trypsin and the amino acid compositions of separated peptides determined, one peptide containing nine amino acids found which had a composition corresponding to that predicted by the cDNA sequence following the first methionine codon, confirming that protein synthesis initiates at this position. The compositions of four other peptides matches those predicted from the nucleotide sequence. There is no processing of the N terminus of the protein before incorporation into the virus particle except for removal of the N-terminal methionine and addition of a "blocking" group on the resulting N-terminal serine residue.
A new method for determining nucleotide sequences in DNA is described. It is similar to the "plus and minus" method [Sanger, F. & Coulson, A. R. (1975) J. Mol. Biol. 94, 441-448] but makes use of the 2',3'-dideoxy and arabinonucleoside analogues of the normal deoxynucleoside triphosphates, which act as specific chain-terminating inhibitors of DNA polymerase. The technique has been applied to the DNA of bacteriophage varphiX174 and is more rapid and more accurate than either the plus or the minus method.