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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Selenium tolerance, salt tolerance, and selenium accumulation in tall fescue lines.

High levels of soil salinity and Se concentration are coexisting problems in the San Joaquin Valley, California. Tall fescue is a potentially useful crop plant for land management in soils containing elevated concentrations of Se and salinity. Information regarding its physiological mechanism and genetic variation of Se accumulation in this species is scant. Thirteen tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) lines were examined for Se and salt tolerances and Se accumulation in nutrient solution culture. Genetic variation of both Se and salt tolerances was detected among six American cultivars and seven worldwide tall fescue lines. Selenium tolerance and salt tolerance are independent of each other and are negatively correlated with tissue Se and salt concentrations. These relationships suggest that an exclusion mechanism is responsible for the tolerance. This diversity of Se and salt tolerance and Se accumulation among the tall fescue lines is important for the application of this species for land management.

Genotype↗
PubMed1992

Characterization of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive mutants of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae strain C1204b.

Spontaneous mutants of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae strain C1204b were selected for their ability to tolerate 0.2 M NaCl, a growth-inhibiting level of salt for the parental strain. Transposon-mediated salt-sensitive mutants of strain C1204b were screened for their inability to grow in 0.08 M NaCl. Quantitation of the free-amino acid pools in the mutants grown in NaCl revealed a dramatic increase in glutamine, serine, glutamate and proline, and to a lesser extent alanine and glycine in the salt-tolerant mutants in comparison with the parental strain exposed to NaCl; but only glutamate and proline increased in the salt-sensitive mutants under NaCl stress. Extracellular polysaccharide levels were quantitated for the salt-tolerant mutants and determined to be approximately two-fold higher than for the parental strain. Although the mutations that occurred in the NaCl-tolerant and NaCl-sensitive strains did not interfere with nodule formation, no nitrogenase activity could be observed in the NaCl tolerant mutants as evaluated by acetylene reduction.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2026

CaMYB121-CaABF2 negative feedback loop modulates CaNHX2 expression to confer salt tolerance in pepper.

Salt stress is a major abiotic factor that severely restricts pepper (Capsicum annuum) production. Although abscisic acid (ABA) is vital for salt tolerance, the transcriptional regulatory networks governing ABA-mediated salt defense remain largely unknown. Here, we uncovered a negative feedback loop between CaMYB121 and CaABF2.1/2 that modulates the expression of CaNHX2.1/2/3, thereby enhancing salt tolerance in pepper plants. RNA-seq analysis revealed that CaMYB121 displayed an expression pattern consistent with that of CaNHX2 after salt treatment. Silencing CaMYB121 markedly reduced salt tolerance and inhibited root growth. Mechanistically, CaMYB121 directly binds to the CaNHX2 promoter to activate transcription, thereby promoting salt resilience. Salt stress also robustly triggered ABA signaling genes, with CaABF2.1/2 displaying expression patterns closely mirroring those of CaMYB121. Transient silencing of CaABF2.1/2 results in phenotypes similar to those observed with CaMYB121 suppression. Notably, CaMYB121 activates CaABF2.1/2 transcription by binding to its promoters, whereas CaABF2.1/2 represses CaMYB121 expression by directly targeting its promoter, forming a self-regulating feedback loop that prevents excessive defense activation. Collectively, our findings reveal a CaMYB121-CaABF2 feedback circuit that dynamically balances growth and defense to optimize salt tolerance in pepper plants.

Salt Tolerance↗
PubMed1992

Salt tolerance and glycerol accumulation of a respiration-deficient mutant isolated from the petite-negative, salt-tolerant yeast Zygosaccharomyces rouxii.

A respiration-deficient (RD) mutant was isolated from the petite-negative, salt-tolerant yeast Zygosaccharomyces rouxii. One strain among sixteen glycerol-non-utilizing mutants exhibited vigorous liberation of CO2 but no uptake of O2. Furthermore, this strain lacked cytochrome aa3 and had a reduced level of cytochrome b. The few mitochondria found in cells of this strain contained few or no cristae. Salt tolerance and intracellular accumulation of glycerol by the RD strain were almost equal to that of the wild-type strain in media containing NaCl up to 2.5 M. In media with more than 3 M NaCl, the growth of the RD mutant was retarded and the intracellular accumulation of glycerol was depressed in spite of ample production.

Adaptation, Biological↗
PubMed1997

Transfer of the yeast salt tolerance gene HAL1 to Cucumis melo L. cultivars and in vitro evaluation of salt tolerance.

An Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer method for production of transgenic melon plants has been optimized. The HAL1 gene, an halotolerance gene isolated from yeast, was inserted in a chimaeric construct and joined to two marker genes: a selectable-neomycin phosphotransferase-II (nptII)-, and a reporter-beta-glucuronidase (gus)-. The entire construct was introduced into commercial cultivars of melon. Transformants were selected for their ability to grow on media containing kanamycin. Transformation was confirmed by GUS assays, PCR analysis and Southern hybridization. Transformation efficiency depended on the cultivar, selection scheme used and the induction of vir-genes by the addition of acetosyringone during the cocultivation period. The highest transformation frequency, 3% of the total number of explants cocultivated, was obtained with cotyledonary explants of cv. 'Pharo'. Although at a lower frequency (1.3%), we have also succeeded in the transformation of leaf explants. A loss of genetic material was detected in some plants, and results are in accordance with the directional model of T-DNA transfer. In vitro cultured shoots from transgenic populations carrying the HAL1 gene were evaluated for salt tolerance on shoot growth medium containing 10 gl-1 NaCl. Although root and vegetative growth were reduced, transgenic HAL1-positive plants consistently showed a higher level of tolerance than control HAL1-negative plants.

Acetophenones↗
PubMed2026

Genome-wide identification of CXE gene family in soybean and functional characterization of GmCXE31 in lipid biosynthesis and salt tolerance.

GmCXE31 negatively regulates salt tolerance and lipid synthesis in soybean, and the cxe31-edited lines improve soybean yield and seed quality. Carboxylesterases (CXEs), as essential lipid hydrolases of the α/β-hydrolase fold superfamily, are critical for plant stress responses, hormone signaling and secondary metabolism. The key candidate gene GmCXE31 was previously identified in our laboratory through a genome‑wide association study (GWAS) of soybean lipid‑related traits. In the present study, we further identified 60 GmCXE family genes in soybean. Phylogenetic analysis clustered them into 11 conserved subfamilies. Cis-acting element analysis showed their promoters are enriched with elements related to abiotic stress, growth and hormone signaling, suggesting potential roles in soybean development and stress adaptation. GmCXE31 is highly expressed in seedling roots and responsive to strigolactones (SLs) and salt stress. Functional assays revealed that GmCXE31 negatively regulates soybean salt tolerance: its overexpression reduced salt tolerance in Arabidopsis and soybean under 150 mM NaCl stress, while its knockout enhanced this trait. Lipid profiling revealed GmCXE31-edited lines had higher seed oil content, elevated oleic/linoleic acid ratio and lower saturated fatty acid proportion, which was achieved by regulating lipid synthesis-related genes like GmNFYA. Agronomic trait analysis showed GmCXE31-edited lines had increased nodule number, plant height and single-plant yield at maturity, with opposite phenotypes in overexpression lines. In conclusion, this study elucidates the multifaceted roles of GmCXE31 in coordinating soybean salt tolerance, lipid metabolism and agronomic traits, providing theoretical and genetic resources for salt-tolerant and high-quality soybean molecular breeding.

Glycine max↗
PubMed1995

Induction of heat, freezing and salt tolerance by heat and salt shock in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Stress tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was examined after exposure to heat and salt shock in the presence or absence of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. Cells heat-shocked (37 degrees C for 45 min) in the absence of cycloheximide demonstrated increased tolerance of heat, freezing and salt stress. For cells heat-shocked in the presence of cycloheximide, heat and salt tolerance could still be induced, although at lower levels, while induction of freezing tolerance was completely inhibited. These results indicated that while heat shock proteins (hsps) may contribute to induced heat and salt tolerance they are not essential, although induction of freezing tolerance appears to require protein synthesis. Exposure of cells to salt shock (300 mM NaCl for 45 min) induced stress protein synthesis and the accumulation of glycerol, responses analogous to induction of hsp synthesis and trehalose accumulation in cells exposed to heat shock. Cells salt-shocked in the absence of cycloheximide showed a similar pattern of induced stress tolerance as with heat, with increased tolerance of heat, salt and freezing. Cells salt-shocked in the presence of cycloheximide continued to show induced heat and salt tolerance, but freezing tolerance could not be induced. These results lend support to the hypothesis that hsp synthesis is not essential for induced tolerance of some forms of stress and that accumulated solutes such as trehalose or glycerol may contribute to induced stress tolerance.

Cycloheximide↗
PubMed2026

miR9772, a Triticum-specific miRNA involved in regulating wheat salt tolerance and grain size.

Salt stress severely impairs crop productivity worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous small noncoding RNAs, which played the crucial role in regulating plant growth, development as well as stress responses at the posttranscriptional level. However, the significance of miRNA on salt response in wheat is not well understood at present. In this study, we identified a salt-responsive miRNA from wild emmer wheat, miR9772, which appears to be specific to Triticum species. Under salt stress, the expression of miR9772 was significantly induced and upregulated. Functional analyses revealed that overexpression of miR9772 increased salt sensitivity in wheat, whereas silencing of miR9772 using Short Tandem Target Mimic (STTM) technology markedly enhanced salt tolerance, demonstrated its crucial role in regulating wheat's salt response. Furthermore, we revealed that miR9772 could target on CYP76C4 to decline its expression abundance to affect wheat's salt resistance. Additionally, agronomic and yield-related traits of transgenic wheat lines based on field experiments showed that miR9772-silenced lines exhibited larger grain size and higher grain yield per plant, indicating that miR9772 simultaneously regulated the salt tolerance and grain development. Collectively, this study provided a new target for improving wheat salt tolerance without yield penalty through genome editing breeding.

Triticum↗
PubMed1994

Rapid diagnosis of anaerobic gram-positive cocci by salt tolerance.

The maximum salt tolerance was 2.5% in cases of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and Peptococcus prevotii, 3% in Ruminococcus albus, 4% in Acidaminococcus fermentans, Peptococcus niger and Megasphaera elsdenii and 5% in Peptococcus magnus. The biochemical tests being largely inactive and time consuming the findings of salt tolerance if combined with those of morphological data provide clue to the rapid identification of Gram-positive anaerobic cocci.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed2025

Effect of transgene on salt tolerance of tobacco.

To explore the effects of salt-tolerance gene accumulation on salt tolerance in transgenic plant, we used four types of plant expression vector (N27, N28, N29, and N30) carrying mtlD, mtlD + gutD, mtlD + gutD + BADH, mtlD + gutD + BADH + sacB genes respectively, to transform tobacco through Agrobacterium-mediated method. Transgenic lines were identified through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection. Transgenic lines and non-transgenic plant (CK) were subjected to 6‰ sodium chloride solution stress; then, fluorescence quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR) and salt tolerance indexes were used to assess characteristics. PCR showed the exogenous genes had been integrated into the tobacco genome. FQ-PCR showed under clean water treatment the target genes were expressed in all transgenic plants at the transcriptional level. The transcript abundances of target genes changed with the number of genes increased, and improved following salt stress. Comparative analyses of salt tolerance indexes showed height growth, biomass (except for N29), chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, Fv/Fm, and PI of all transgenic plants and CK were lower under salt stress than under clean water treatment, to varying degrees. However, the descent ratio was smaller in transgenic plants. A comprehensive evaluation of multiple salt-tolerance indicators performed using the membership function method showed the average salt tolerance of each vector transgenic line was higher than that of CK, and salt tolerance was greater in transgenic polyvalent gene lines than in transgenic monovalent gene lines. The average salt tolerance was N29 > N28 > N30 > N27 > CK. This study provides a theoretical and practical reference for salt tolerance breeding in other plants.

Plants, Genetically Modified↗
PubMed2026

Transcription factor LbUBC positively regulates salt gland development and salt tolerance by directly binding to the LbTTG1 promoter and repressing its transcription.

KEY MESSAGE：: LbUBC enhances salt tolerance by promoting salt gland development via repressing LbTTG1, revealing a synergisticregulatory mechanism in Limonium bicolor. In the context of increasingly severe soil salinization, salt-tolerant genetic resources from halophytes show great application potential. In particular, the recretohalophyte Limonium bicolor, which possesses specialized salt gland structures, has become a key model for deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying salt tolerance and salt gland development. In this study, using LbTTG1-overexpressing and -silenced lines, we demonstrate that LbTTG1 negatively regulates salt-gland development and salt tolerance. Through yeast one-hybrid, EMSA, and dual-luciferase assays, Lb7G33228 (LbUBC) was screened and verified as an upstream transcriptional regulator of LbTTG1. LbUBC enhances salt tolerance in L. bicolor by positively regulating salt-gland development, verified using LbUBC silence and overexpression strains. Interestingly, LbUBC represses the expression of its downstream target LbTTG1, thereby releasing the inhibitory effect of LbTTG1 on salt-gland development. In this manner, LbUBC positively regulates salt-gland development, achieving a dynamic balance in the regulation of salt-gland development and salt tolerance in L. bicolor. This study reveals a synergistic regulatory mechanism involving multiple genes, offering new insights for comprehensively dissecting the molecular regulatory network of salt-gland development.

Salt Tolerance↗
PubMed1996

Two classes of plant cDNA clones differentially complement yeast calcineurin mutants and increase salt tolerance of wild-type yeast.

The salt-sensitive phenotype of yeast cells deficient in the phosphoprotein phosphatase, calcineurin, was used to identify genes from the higher plant Arabidopsis thaliana that complement this phenotype. cDNA clones corresponding to two different sequences, designated STO (salt tolerance) and STZ (salt tolerance zinc finger), were found to increased tolerance of calcineurin mutants and of wild-type yeast to both Li+ and Na+ ions. STZ is related to Cys2/His2-type zinc-finger proteins found in higher plants, and STO is similar to the Arabidopsis CONSTANS protein in regions that may also be zinc fingers. Although neither protein has sequence similarity to any protein phosphatase, STO was able to at least partially compensate for all tested additional phenotypic effects of calcineurin deficiency, and STZ compensated for a subset of these effects. Salt tolerance produced by STZ appeared to be partially dependent on ENA1/PMR2, a P-type ATPase required for Li+ and Na+ efflux in yeast, whereas the effect of STO on salt tolerance was independent of ENA1/PMR2. STZ and STO were found to be expressed in Arabidopsis roots and leaves, whereas only STO message was detectable in flowers. An apparent increase in the level of STZ mRNA was observed in response NaCl exposure in Arabidopsis seedlings, but the level of STO mRNA was not altered by this treatment.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1996

Two related rolling circle replication plasmids from salt-tolerant bacteria.

In a range of salt-tolerant bacteria isolated from soil, rhizosphere, and phyloplane, cross-hybridization tests revealed a group of seven plasmids which were chosen for further study. Two plasmids (pSH1418 and pSH1451) were picked as representative examples of the two related subgroups. Restriction mapping and Southern blotting identified a region common to the two plasmids which later was identified as encoding the replication functions. We were unable to join these plasmids to high-copy-number vectors but this was possible with low-copy-number IncP vectors. In Escherichia coli, cloned plasmids pSH1418 and pSH1451 conferred salt tolerance but the phenotype was unstable, with the loss of salt tolerance apparently being correlated with structural instability of the plasmid DNA. Plasmid pSH1451 was sequenced and shown to be closely related to RCR plasmids of Gram-positive bacteria. The host of this plasmid was classified as Bacillus pumilus by rDNA typing and lipid profiling by gas chromatography. A number of open reading frames (orfs) which could code for salt tolerance or other functions were identified in the plasmid sequence. Sequence similarity to previously sequenced genes suggested that the products of orf4 and orf5 may work together to transport a molecule such as aspartate ion that may promote osmotolerance.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2026

Identification and analysis of HD-ZIP transcription factors that regulate salt gland development and salt tolerance in Limonium bicolor.

Soil salinity severely constrains agricultural production. Elucidating the salt-tolerance mechanisms of halophytes can provide innovative approaches for improving the salt tolerance of crop plants. In this study, we performed genome-wide identification and analysis of 36 LbHDZ genes encoding homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-ZIP) transcription factors in Limonium bicolor, a typical recretohalophyte that excretes excess salt ions through specialized salt glands. Expression profiling across different stages of salt gland development, as well as in various tissues under salt stress, indicated that multiple LbHDZ genes are involved in regulating salt gland development and salt tolerance. Among these genes, LbHDZ14 (a member of the HD-ZIP II subfamily) exhibited sustained high expression during the critical period of salt gland formation, while its transcript levels were significantly downregulated in leaves and roots under salt stress. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that LbHDZ14 is localized in the nucleus and negatively regulates salt gland density and salt tolerance by directly binding to the promoter of LbGDSL, a positive regulator of salt gland development. In conclusion, this study reveals the expression patterns of LbHDZ genes in L. bicolor, characterizes the functional mechanism of LbHDZ14, further elucidates the regulatory network underlying salt gland development, and provides candidate genes for enhancing crop salt tolerance.

Plumbaginaceae↗
PubMed1996

Salt tolerance in plants and microorganisms: toxicity targets and defense responses.

Salt tolerance of crops could be improved by genetic engineering if basic questions on mechanisms of salt toxicity and defense responses could be solved at the molecular level. Mutant plants accumulating proline and transgenic plants engineered to accumulate mannitol or fructans exhibit improved salt tolerance. A target of salt toxicity has been identified in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: it is a sodium-sensitive nucleotidase involved in sulfate activation and encoded by the HAL2 gene. The major sodium-extrusion system of S. cerevisiae is a P-ATPase encoded by the ENA1 gene. The regulatory system of ENA1 expression includes the protein phosphatase calcineurin and the product of the HAL3 gene. In Escherichia coli, the Na(+)-H+ antiporter encoded by the nhaA gene is essential for salt tolerance. No sodium transport system has been identified at the molecular level in plants. Ion transport at the vacuole is of crucial importance for salt accumulation in this compartment, a conspicuous feature of halophytic plants. The primary sensors of osmotic stress have been identified only in E. coli. In S. cerevisiae, a protein kinase cascade (the HOG pathway) mediates the osmotic induction of many, but not all, stress-responsive genes. In plants, the hormone abscisic acid mediates many stress responses and both a protein phosphatase and a transcription factor (encoded by the ABI1 and ABI3 genes, respectively) participate in its action.

Drug Tolerance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prospects of breeding for salt tolerance in rice.

Variations with regard to salt tolerance were observed in rice varieties, Blue bonnet, IR-8, Jhona-349, and Magnolia. Crosses (F1) between relatively salt-resistant (Jhona-349) and salt-sensitive (Magnolia) varieties were highly resistant to salinity. The F2 population resulted in some salt-resistant combinations. In the F3 and F4 populations, some desirable salt-resistant progenies were selected. Results obtained suggest that selection for salt tolerance may be possible within hybrid populations.

Genetic Engineering↗
PubMed1996

Molecular cloning of a novel rat salt-tolerant protein by functional complementation in yeast.

To elucidate the genetic basis of salt-sensitivity in mammalian hypertension, we isolated six rat complementary DNAs by functional complementation in yeast. These genes were able to substitute for the salt-tolerant activity of HALI which confers salt tolerance by modulating the cation transport system in yeast. We identified these genes as beta-globin, lambda-crystallin, androgen-regulated protein, mitochondrial cytochrome b, a homologue of infant brain cDNA, and a novel gene, called salt-tolerant protein (STP). STP contains 1964 bp nucleotides and an open reading frame which encodes 496 amino acid residues. Northern blot analysis showed that STP mRNA is expressed in various rat tissues.

ATPases Associated with Diverse Cellular Activitie↗
PubMed1995

Characterization of Na+/H(+)-antiporter gene closely related to the salt-tolerance of yeast Zygosaccharomyces rouxii.

In order to clarify the relationship between salt-tolerance of Zygosaccharomyces rouxii and the function of Na+/H(+)-antiporter, a gene was isolated from Z. rouxii which exhibited homology to the Na+/H(+)-antiporter gene (sod2) from Schizosaccharomyces pombe. This newly isolated gene (Z-SOD2) encoded a product of 791 amino acids, which was larger than the product encoded by its Sz. pombe homologue. The predicted amino-acid sequence of Z-Sod2p was highly homologous to that of the Sz. pombe protein, but included an extra-hydrophilic stretch in the C-terminal region. The expression of Z-SOD2 was constitutive and independent of NaCl-shock. Z-SOD2-disruptants of Z. rouxii did not grow in media supplemented with 3 M-NaCl, but grew well in the presence of 50% sorbitol, indicating that the function of Z-SOD2 was closely related to the salt-tolerance of Z. rouxii. Several genes are also compared and discussed in relation to the salt-tolerance of Z. rouxii.

Amino Acid Sequence↗