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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Untreated psychiatric disability. A study of disabled persons with major psychiatric health impairment, having never received psychiatric treatment.

The presented investigation, from a county seemingly representative of the average for Norway, showed that at least 15% of male Disability Pensioners with a psychiatric primary diagnosis, become pensioned without having had any psychiatric treatment. The purpose of the investigation was to describe this group of untreated psychiatric disabled, both numerically and regarding social, personal and nosological factors. It was found that the absence of treatment was due to lack of opportunity, but to the pensioner's own attitude, a stubborn resistance to being defind as a psychiatric patient. This is enhanced by a general tendency in our culture to choose, when possible, the role of a somatic patient rather than that of a psychiatric patient. The untreated group of male Disability Pensioners had a normal distribution of social status and stability, and showed a strong preponderance of neurosis-like conditions, combined with pains and other symptoms from the musculo-skeletal system in 51% of the clients. Among War Pensioners there were also found many untreated psychiatric disabled, especially ex-wartime seamen, showing a surprisingly constant syndrome of mixed anxiety and asthenia. The material comprised 150 males, 101 applicants for Disability Pension and 49 for War Pension, all untreated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Definitions and diagnoses: cultural implications of psychiatric help-seeking and psychiatrists' definitions of the situation in psychiatric emergencies.

This paper explores lay and psychiatric actors' definitions of mental illness by focusing on several aspects of emergency psychiatric diagnosis. First, it considers psychiatric diagnosis as a social and cultural process in which mental illnesses are defined with increasing specificity as individuals move from lay to psychiatric contexts. Second, the paper considers variation in psychiatric residents' conceptions of mental illness, their role in emergency contexts, and lastly, their diagnostic styles. Diagnostic styles are shown to exist and to be grounded in residents' definitions of the situation. It is suggested that the variation in psychiatrists' definitions of the psychiatric situation, especially as regards etiology, plays a prominent, but as yet unnoted, role in producing variability in psychiatric diagnosis. It is also argued that actors' definitions are cultural, grounded in non-professional lay ideology, and are not products of secondary professional socialization.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The identification of psychiatric morbidity by internists and subsequent selection for psychiatric referral.

Past literature raises the question as to the degree of identification of psychiatric morbidity among medical inpatients. A psychosocial information scale was used to rate charts of seventeen inpatients who later received a psychiatric consultation and seventeen who did not during the index admission. More psychosocial items were generally present in the charts with those patients receiving later psychiatric consultation overall and specifically in the areas of psychiatric chief complaint, history of behavior change and past psychiatric history. It was concluded that many patients with psychiatric morbidity on medical wards were not so identified and this was a prime reason for their non-referral, although several of the sub-groups of such patients could benefit from psychiatric treatment. Non-psychiatrists were urged to adopt a more holistic approach to medicine with emphasis on continuity of care to insure comprehensive diagnosis and management.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psychiatric status and the disorders of thyroid function. I. Prevalence of goitre in a group of psychiatric patients. I. The prevalence of goitre in a group of psychiatric patients.

All (478) indigenous Zambian patients who were in hospital on a particular day in January 1976 were examined by the authors for goitre. 34.4 per cent of all adult female patients and 23.2 per cent of all adult male patients had goitre. However, 57.6 per cent of all female patients with effective illness and 77.0 per cent of all male patients with paranoid psychosis were found to have goitre. The association between affective illness and paranoid psychosis on the one hand and goitre on the other was found to be statistically significnat at the 0.1 per cent level. It is suggested that further work should be done to find out what proportion of patients with depression or pananoia have sub-clinical or borderline hypothyroidism.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1978

Traffic accidents involving psychiatric patients. Characteristics of accidents involving drivers who have been admitted to Danish psychiatric departments.

A nationwide study of psychiatric in-patients driving motor vehicles and involved in accidents causing bodily injury in the years 1972--74 was undertaken. Compared with drivers in general involved in accidents causing bodily injury, drivers with a psychiatric record were characterized by an over-representation of women. A preponderance of psychiatric drivers in the age group 25--54 was observed. About 3% of drivers with a psychiatric record were involved in two or more accidents during the period studied. A greater proportion of the psychiatrically diseased group drove stolen vehicles, without valid licences, and were found not to have used safety belts at the time of the accident. Occurrence of injury was more frequent among the diseased drivers. They were more frequently alcohol intoxicated and with a higher blood alcohol level. The most commonly encountered diagnostic groups were personality disorder and transitory reactions.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1975

Studies of adoptees from psychiatrically disturbed biological parents: psychiatric conditions in childhood and adolescence.

Psychiatric problems were assessed in two groups of adoptees by interviewing the adopting parents. One group of 59 adoptees, the "experimental', were born of psychiatrically disturbed biological parents; the other group, the "control' of 54 adoptees, had psychiatrically "normal' biological parents. Both groups had been separated from biological parents at birth. The incidence of psychiatric conditions requiring professional care was significantly higher in the experimental than in the controls (37 per cent vs. 14 per cent). In the experimental group more males than females were disturbed (59 per cent vs. 30 per cent). Most of the excess of disordered males were diagnosed hyperactive. There was some evidence of correlation of the type of psychiatric diagnosis of the biological parent with that of the adoptee.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Nadolol to treat aggression and psychiatric symptomatology in chronic psychiatric inpatients: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

BACKGROUND: Considerable evidence indicates that the lipophilic beta-blocker propranolol is useful in treating organically based aggression. This study looked at the efficacy of a more hydrophilic beta-blocker, nadolol, to treat aggression in chronic psychiatric inpatients. METHOD: Forty-one chronic psychiatric inpatients with an average of one aggressive outburst per week (defined by the Overt Aggression Scale [OAS]) were entered into a double-blind, placebo-controlled study lasting 17 weeks. The OAS was used to track aggression on a per-incident basis, while the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and the Clinical Global Impressions scale (CGI) were used to track clinical status. RESULTS: Nadolol subjects showed a significant decline in frequency of aggression compared with controls (p = .026) and a significant decline in the BPRS total score (p = .007) and in the subfactors "hostility and suspicion," "negative symptoms," and "signs of hyperarousal/tension." There was no significant change in CGI "severity of illness" ratings between groups, although the nadolol group was significantly improved from baseline at every subsequent time period while the placebo group was unchanged throughout the study. CONCLUSION: Nadolol is of significant benefit in the treatment of aggression in chronic psychiatric inpatients. This drug does penetrate the brain over time, but the success of a drug whose primary locus of action is peripheral may implicate a bimodal mechanism of action, i.e., a role for the CNS and the soma in the maintenance of aggression.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Risk of suicide by psychiatric diagnosis in Stockholm County. A longitudinal study of 80,970 psychiatric inpatients.

The risk of suicide associated with different psychiatric diagnoses was estimated in 80,970 inpatients in Stockholm County (population 1.6 million). All patients discharged with at least one psychiatric diagnosis between 1973 and 1986 were followed by linkage with the cause-of-death registry through 1987. There were 1,115 definite suicides and 467 undetermined suicides among these during the 15-year follow-up. When 12 diagnostic categories were entered in a proportional hazards model, the highest relative risk (RR) of definite suicide, controlling for sex and age, was noted for affective disorders (RR 2.82), followed by unspecified psychoses (RR 2.69), paranoid psychoses (RR 2.60), addiction to prescription drugs (RR 2.38), neuroses and reactive psychoses (RR 1.96), and schizophrenia (RR 1.64). Alcoholism, personality disorders, organic psychoses, and street drug addiction did not have significantly increased risks of suicide. Male sex increased the risk for definite suicide by 1.56, while the risk was somewhat higher among the young. Having more than one diagnosis increased the relative risk by 1.42. When undetermined suicides were included in the analysis, to alcoholism and street drug abuse were attributed significantly increased risks of suicide, probably owing to the greater difficulty of verifying such cases. We conclude that several psychiatric disorders were conductive to suicide, but that the risk did not vary much with the type of diagnosis. Further studies of confounders are needed, such as the reasons for being admitted to inpatient care, and the impact of somatic and psychiatric comorbidity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2026

Cardiovascular risks in psychiatric disorders and psychiatric risks in cardiovascular disorders: implications for prevention and clinical management - a large-scale umbrella review encompassing 76 meta-analyses.

OBJECTIVE: Psychiatric and cardiovascular disorders often co-occur, complicating their assessment and management. No umbrella review(UR) has summarized the meta-analytic evidence on the co-occurrence of psychiatric and cardiovascular disorders and assessed its credibility. METHODS: Meta-analytic systematic reviews of observational studies documenting the prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes associated with the co-occurrence of cardiovascular and psychiatric disorders, indexed from inception through March.16.2026, and meeting established diagnostic criteria, were included. Meta-analytic association and prevalence estimates were recalculated and graded based on established or adapted criteria. The AMSTAR-2 assessed the quality of the meta-analyses, while several subgroup analyses and meta-regressions aimed to explain the heterogeneity. RESULTS: We included 76 meta-analyses yielding 131 meta-analytic estimates. Based on pre-existing meta-analytic evidence, 22/24 prevalence estimates (91.7%) met moderate/strong credibility criteria. Strong credibility emerged for: orthostatic hypotension in Lewy body(58%;95%C.I. = 50-66%) and Alzheimer's dementias(28.0% = 95%C.I. = 17.0-40.0%); pericardial effusion in anorexia nervosa(25.0%;95%C.I. = 17.0-34.0%); in heart failure(HF): major depressive disorder(MDD)(41.9%;95%C.I. = 36.7-47.1%), mild cognitive impairment(MCI)(41.4%;95%C.I. = 38.3-45.6%), anxiety(32.0%;95%C.I. = 26.5-37.6%), MDD + anxiety(24.7%;95%C.I. = 17.9-34.3%), and dementia(19.8%;95%C.I. = 12.9-27.8%); in atrial fibrillation(AF): MCI(26.0%;95%C.I. = 21.0-30.0%), anxiety in patients undergoing pulmonary vein isolation(PVI)(25.0%;95%C.I. = 12.0-46.0%), MDD in PVI patients (20.0%;95%C.I. = 13.0-29.0%); in coronary artery disease: MDD + anxiety(19.8%;95%C.I. = 16.0-24.6%): in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: clozapine-associated-cardiomyopathy(0.6%;95%C.I. = 0.2-2.3%); clozapine-associated-cardiomyopathy absolute death rates (0.0003;95%C.I. = 0.0001-0.0012); clozapine-associated-cardiomyopathy case fatality rate (0.078;95%C.I. = 0.018-0.285). Several additional disorders were multimorbid in>5% of people, yet with a lower credibility rating. No re-pooled risk factors/outcomes reached strong credibility criteria. CONCLUSIONS: The present study provides an atlas of cardiovascular and psychiatric multimorbidity across varying levels of credibility, reinforcing the need for an integrated, multidisciplinary approach to patient care and for more research on actionable risk/protective factors and outcomes.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Ill health in two contrasting societies, particularly non-psychiatric morbidity among those with a psychiatric diagnosis.

An epidemiological study in two culturally contrasting north-norwegian societies indicates that persons with a psychiatric diagnosis are more prone to non-psychiatric illnesses than those without such diagnosis. The onset of the non-psychiatric ailments of these persons come mostly before the onset of their psychiatric conditions. These are cross-cultural findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Physical illness in chronic psychiatric patients from a community psychiatric unit revisited. A three-year follow-up study.

A group of 156 psychiatric patients from an urban community psychiatric unit for chronic psychiatric patients was routinely medically screened and reported on. Re-evaluation of the medical diseases found in those patients was carried out three years later. Those who were still being treated--73 patients (47%)--were interviewed, as were their psychiatrist and, where necessary, their general practitioner (GP). The implementation of medical recommendations given following the physical screening by the specialist in internal medicine was also assessed. Re-evaluation of the diagnoses confirmed that 36% of this population had one or more physical diseases, rather than the 53% found earlier. The results show that the majority of physical complaints and diseases as well as functional illnesses were as persistent as the psychiatric diagnoses in this patient group. The patients' GP seems to be the person best suited as the primary physician responsible for the patient's physical health.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1979

The effects of a psychiatric liaison program on the utilization of psychiatric consultations: an evaluation by chart audit.

The effects of a psychiatric liaison program were studied by a chart audit examination of psychiatric consultations on a medical service. A comparison of the full liaison ward with the other wards revealed significant differences in the use of emergency consultation and psychiatric follow-up treatment. The results indicated improved psychologic management of medical patients on wards with intense liaison involvement but no measurable change in attitude toward the psychiatrist. Evaluation methodology and implications of the results are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Measuring psychiatric disorder in the recent past: the use of the Psychiatric Assessment Schedule retrospectively.

Ninety-four patients were asked about the presence of psychiatric symptoms on admission to hospital using the revised Psychiatric Assessment Schedule. Three months later they were asked to recall their symptoms at admission using the same instrument retrospectively. The results of the initial and retrospective interviews showed good rates of agreement in terms of PAS score, ID level, psychiatric 'caseness' and both CATEGO and DSM-III-R diagnoses. The study demonstrates that it is possible to make reliable measurements of the mental status of three months previously, simultaneously with assessments of current mental status. The uses of such a measuring instrument are discussed.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1978

[Diagnosis and psychiatric care.--First working report of the psychiatric outpatient hospital in the Steglitz Clinic (author's transl)].

The article begins with a review of the geographically unfavourable distribution of psychiatric ward beds in Berlin. This unfavourable distribution hampers therapeutic efforts. The authors describe and examine the work done in the Psychiatric Outpatient hospital which forms part of a university clinic in the Steglitz district of Berlin. 1517 case records are subjected to statistical evaluation. The article concludes with the demand for a new plan for distributing the psychiatric ward beds according to a more reasonable key based on subsectors in line with the requirements of the different districts of the city of Berlin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

More on pseudoscience in science and the case for psychiatric diagnosis. A critique of D.L. Rosenhan's "On Being Sane in Insane Places" and "The Contestual Nature of Psychiatric Diagnosis".

Rosenhan's 1973 article, "On Being Sane in Insane Places," was pseudoscience presented as science. Just as his pseudopatients were diagnosed at discharge as having "schizophrenia in remission", so a careful examination of this study's methods, results, and conclusions leads to a diagnosis of "logic in remission." Rosenhan's study proves that pseudopatients are not detected by psychiatrists as having simulated signs of mental illness and that the implementation of certain invalid research designs can make psychiatrists appear foolish. These rather unremarkable findings are irrelevant to the real problems of the reliability and validity of psychiatric diagnosis and only serve to obscure them. A correct interpretation of his own data contradicts his conclusions. There are purposes to psychiatric diagnosis that Rosenhan's article ignores. His more recent suggestion that certain requirements be met prior to the adoption of a new psychiatric classification system is unrealistic.

Auditory Perception↗
PubMed1992

[Attitude to psychiatric patients. How do people look upon alcoholics, drug addicts and psychiatric patients without addictive problems?].

This study examines the public's attitudes towards the rights of alcoholics, drug addicts and psychiatric patients without addiction problems. Positive and negative statements about these patient groups were presented to 806 Norwegian employees. The public's attitudes are far more restrictive towards alcoholics and drug addicts than towards psychiatric patients without addiction problems. The attitudes towards the latter seem to to be quite tolerant, and not very different from the attitudes concerning the rights of somatic patients. While the views on alcoholics and drug addicts are stereotyped, the attitudes towards psychiatric patients without addiction problems seem to be formed more openly, not necessarily on a group basis. Attitudes of acceptance towards alcoholics and drug addicts are more prevalent among younger than among older people.

Alcoholism↗