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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2024

Expression pattern of Stlhcb gene family in potato and effects of overexpression of Stcp24 gene on potato photosynthesis.

Potato is one of the four staple food crops in the world. It has a wide range of cultivation, high yield, and high nutritional value. Enhancing the photosynthesis of potato is particularly important as it leads to an increase in the potato yield. The light-harvesting pigment-binding protein complex is very important for plant photosynthesis. We identified 12 Stlhcb gene family members from the potato variety "Atlantic" using transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics. The proteins encoded by the Stlhcb gene family have between 3358 and 4852 atomic number, a relative molecular weight between 24060.16 and 34624.54 Da, and an isoelectric point between 4.99 and 8.65. The RT-qPCR results showed that the 12 Stlhcb genes were expressed in a tissue-specific and time-dependent fashion under low light. The relative expression of the Stlhcb genes in the leaves was significantly higher than that in the stems and roots, and the relative expression of these genes first increased and then decreased with the prolongation of light exposure time. The Stcp24 gene with the highest expression was cloned, and an expression vector was constructed. A subcellular localization analysis was performed in tobacco and an overexpression experiment was performed in potato using an Agrobacterium-mediated method. The subcellular localization analysis showed that the protein encoded by Stcp24 was located in chloroplasts as expected. Overexpression of Stcp24 in transgenic potato increased the yield of potatoes and the content of chlorophyll a and b; increased the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, electron transport efficiency, and semi-saturated light intensity; and promoted photosynthesis and plant growth. This study provides a reference for the study of the function of the potato light-harvesting pigment-binding protein gene family. It lays a foundation for further study of the mechanism of the photosynthesis of potato, improvement of the light energy utilization of potato, and molecular breeding of potato.

Solanum tuberosum↗
PubMed1979

Multiple forms of soluble monophenol, dihydroxyphenylalanine: oxygen oxidoreductase (EC 1.14.18.1) from potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum). III. Influence of pH on the molecular weight distribution of enzyme activity in potato juice.

Gel chromatography on Sepharose and on Sephadex was used to separate the soluble phenol oxidase in various potato juices into multiple molecular forms ranging from 36,000 to 800,000 daltons. Adjustment of potato juice from physiological pH (ca. 6) to pH 4.5 or to pH 7.8 resulted in the predominance of low-mol.-wt. (less than 150,000 daltons) or high-mol.-wt. (greater than 150,000 daltons) enzyme forms, respectively. This suggests association phenomena of subunits. In potato juice of physiological pH and in potato juice adjusted to pH 4.5, all enzyme forms exhibited both monophenol and o-diphenol oxidase activities (assayed at pH 6.0). In potato juice adjusted to pH 7.8 considerable loss of monophenol oxidase activity (assayed at pH 6.0) occurred. This suggests that o-diphenol oxidase is more alkali-stable than monophenol oxidase. The significance of these findings for enzyme purifications and for the in vivo action of the enzyme is discussed.

Catechol Oxidase↗
PubMed1979

[Methodological hints on the gas chromatographic determination of kelevan and kepone in potatoes, potato foliage and soil].

The gas chromatographic determination of Kelevan, an ethyllaevulinic acid derivative of Kepone, requires its conversion to Kepone. Thermal decomposition in the injection block of the gas chromatograph at 45 degrees C. has proved to be well suited for routine work. The sample is extracted with acetonitrile; the extract is purified and concentrated under reduced pressure. The separation of Kelevan from Kepone already metabolically produced is possible by column chromatography (silica gel; elution with benzene and 5% acetone in benzene). The determination of pre-existent Kepone and of Kelevan (after thermal conversion to Kepone) was achieved by means of a Pye-Unicam gas chromatograph. The limits of detection are 0.002 p.p.m. for Kepone, and 0.003 p.p.m. for Kelevan. The recovery of Kelevan and Kepone added to control samples (for every 10 determinations with different amounts added to potatoes, potato foliage and soil samples) ranges from 63 to 88%; the standard derivation, from +/- 1.7 to 7.3%.

Chlordecone↗
PubMed1976

Comparison of antibiotic-amended potato dextrose agar and acidified potato dextrose agar as growth substrates for fungi.

Fifteen fungal species, all isolated from food, were compared for their growth abilities on potato dextrose agar acidified to pH 3.5, and on nonacidified potato dextrose agar amended with 40 ppm chlortetracycline hydrochloride. Comparisons were made at 16, 21, 26, 32, and 37 degrees C. Of the 15 species, only Penicillium expansum exhibited better growth on the acidified medium than on the nonacidified antibiotic medium, while 9 species grew better on the nonacidified antibiotic medium. Five species grew equally well on either medium.

Agar↗
PubMed1977

Studies on enzymic browning of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum). III. Kinetics of potato phenoloxidase (EC 1.14.18.1 monophenol, dihydroxyphenylalanine: oxygen-oxidoreductase).

From initial velocity studies a sequential mechanism for the reactions catalysed by phenoloxidase from potatoes is indicated. The data are in accordance with an ordered addition of oxygen and phenolic substrate to the enzyme, with oxygen being the first substrate bound at thermodynamic equilibrium. The Michaelis constants for L-tyrosine, L-dopa, and chlorogenic acid are 1.4 X 10(-3), 3.3 X 10(-4), and 1.4 X 10(-4) mol/l, respectively. The dissociation constant for the enzyme-oxygen complex is about 10(-3) mol/l. In the presence of chlorogenic acid no lag phase occurs in the course of L-tyrosine oxidation. With increasing amounts of chlorogenic acid the tyrosinase activity goes through a maximum. The significance of these findings for the in vivo action of the enzyme is discussed.

Catalysis↗
PubMed2025

Quantitative trait loci for Globodera pallida resistance derived from wild potato species Solanum gourlayi.

Globodera pallida is a major pest that is responsible for huge losses in potato yields worldwide. Expanding the gene pool of cultivated potatoes with clones resistant to this pest is made possible by searching for resistance genes in wild Solanum species. The aim of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for potato resistance to Globodera pallida derived from Solanum gourlayi. A resistant diploid potato clone, Sg 2/7 (Solanum gourlayi, accession CGN17592), was crossed with a susceptible potato hybrid clone, DW 94-4235, to generate an F1 mapping population. All clones were tested for nematode resistance using G. pallida, pathotypes Pa2 and Pa3, in 2 or 3 years (2017-2019), respectively. Diversity Array Technology (DArTseq) was used for genotyping and genetic map construction. QTLs for nematode resistance were identified on potato chromosomes II, IV, V, VI, VII, X, XI, and XII, explaining from 10.1 to 21.5% of phenotypic variance. The most significant QTL for resistance to G. pallida pathotype Pa2 was identified on chromosome XII, explaining 20.9% of the phenotypic variance in the dataset from 2017. The most significant QTL for resistance to the G. pallida Pa3 pathotype was identified on chromosome VI, with a CAPS marker Exp928 in its peak, explaining 21.5% of the phenotypic variance in the dataset from 2017. The novel QTLs for resistance to S. gourlayi may be useful for breeding resistant potato cultivars, further studies of candidate genes, and host responses of potato to G. pallida infection.

Quantitative Trait Loci↗
PubMed2026

A Meta-learning-driven strategy for adulteration detection in sweet potato starch and vermicelli using Raman spectroscopy.

To address the widespread adulteration of sweet potato starch and its vermicelli with cheaper starches and overcome conventional supervised learning's dependency on large labeled datasets, this study developed a few-shot discrimination method integrating Raman spectroscopy with meta-learning. We constructed a meta-learning framework using cassava- and wheat-adulterated sweet potato starch as the source domain for training, with potato-adulterated sweet potato starch and cassava-adulterated sweet potato vermicelli as two target domains for testing. Raman spectra showed high consistency between sweet potato vermicelli and its raw starch, laying the foundation for cross-domain detection. Testing yielded comprehensive classification accuracies of 95.33% and 98.00% for the two target domains, significantly outperforming SVM, RF, and CNN (max. 85.24%). This approach effectively identifies subtle starch variety differences in complex adulteration, providing novel food quality inspection solutions and verifying the feasibility of raw material-to-finished product cross-domain detection.

Ipomoea batatas↗
PubMed2026

Multiplexed CRISPR/Cas9 mediated knockdown of BCH gene in potato enhances beta-carotene to combat vitamin A deficiency.

The inadequate amounts of provitamin A carotenoids in crops contribute to the widespread vitamin A deficiency, leading to malnutrition and blindness in humans. Suppression of the β-carotene hydroxylase (BCH) increases β-carotene levels. In the current study, we utilized the multiplexed CRISPR/Cas9 approach by designing three targets against the BCH gene in a local potato cultivar. Transformation efficiency was recorded as 15%, the successful integration of the CRISPR/Cas9-BCH multiplex construct in potatoes was confirmed through PCR. When analysed using TIDE software, Sanger sequencing revealed the highest indel efficacy of 92.1% in plant 7 and 26.6% in plant 1. qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time PCR) analysis indicated a significant 89-fold reduction in BCH transcript levels in genome-edited potato lines compared to control plants. Spectrophotometry demonstrated a notable increase in beta-carotene levels in genome-edited potato plants, ranging from 0.831 µg/mL FW to 4.236 µg/mL FW, compared to the control plant with the lowest beta-carotene concentration (0.344 µg/mL FW). HPLC analysis further confirmed increased beta-carotene levels in genome-edited potato plants, ranging from 0.11 mg/mL FW to 0.36 mg/mL FW, compared to the unmodified control plant with a minimum beta-carotene value of 0.09 mg/mL. Our results revealed that the multiplexed CRISPR-Cas9 approach targeting the BCH gene results in enhanced beta-carotene contents in potato tubers.

Solanum tuberosum↗
PubMed2026

Potato Black Scurf and Stem Canker: Pathogen Biology, Global Distribution, and Traditional and Modern Diagnostics.

Rhizoctonia solani is a soil- and seed-borne fungal pathogen of potatoes. It is a persistent threat to potato production worldwide. The symptoms appear as black scurf on tubers and stem canker, causing severe yield and quality losses of potatoes. The pathogen reproduces asexually via hyphae and sclerotia. Its genetic diversity is organized into anastomosis groups (AGs), with AG3-PT being the predominant group on potato. The global trade of seed potatoes is very important for agricultural development; however, it has facilitated the dissemination of the pathogen across regions. Moreover, disease development is affected by environmental and agronomic factors, causing variable symptom severity and differential economic impacts. Given the pathogen's genetic complexity, accurate diagnosis is very important, necessitating a transition from traditional culture-based and biochemical methods toward molecular, genomic, and emerging digital technologies. Methods such as PCR, isothermal amplification, sequencing, sensor-based biosensing, and artificial intelligence-driven imaging have improved the detection, quantification, and noninvasive monitoring of the pathogen. Combining these diagnostic methods into a tiered framework will be helpful for precision disease surveillance, informed disease management decision-making, and the development of sustainable potato production systems.

black scurf↗
PubMed2025

An allelic resolution gene atlas for tetraploid potato provides insights into tuberization and stress resilience.

Tubers are modified underground stems that enable asexual, clonal reproduction and serve as a mechanism for overwintering and avoidance of herbivory. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is cultivated for its tubers, which serve as a major crop. Genes responsible for tuber initiation and disease resistance have been characterized in potato including StSP6A, a homolog of flowering time, that functions as a tuberigen, the equivalent of a florigen. To elucidate additional molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying potato biology including tuber initiation, tuber development, and stress responses, we generated a developmental and abiotic/biotic-stress gene expression atlas from 34 tissues and treatments of the tetraploid potato cultivar, Atlantic. Using the haplotype-phased tetraploid Atlantic genome assembly and expression abundances of 129 218 genes, we constructed gene coexpression modules that represent networks associated with distinct developmental stages as well as stress responses. Functional annotations were given to modules and used to identify genes involved in tuberization and stress resilience. Structural variation from a pan-genomic analysis across four cultivated potato genome assemblies as well as domestication and wild introgression data allowed for deeper insights into the modules to identify key genes involved in tuberization and stress responses. This study underscores the importance of transcriptional regulation in tuberization and provides a comprehensive framework for future research on potato development and improvement.

Solanum tuberosum↗
PubMed2026

Genome-wide analysis of FATA associated with drought tolerance in tetraploid potato (Solanum tuberosum).

The cuticle represents the outer most protective barrier against biotic and abiotic stresses. It is composed of cutin and waxes and protects plants from desiccation, UV, cold, mechanical stresses, and pathogens. GWAS/BSAseq combined with SeqSNP analyses in an association panel of 34 potato cultivars had revealed that the acyl-ACP thioesterase FATA (Soltu.DM.06G033680.1) is significantly associated with drought tolerance in potato. Apart from three FATB genes, only one FATA gene is present in potato that has the highest homology to FATA2 in Arabidopsis. FATA is responsible for the export of C18:1 fatty acid from chloroplast into cytosol, which is necessary for the biosynthesis of cutin. A knockout mutant of AtFATA2 was analyzed with regard to the cuticle permeability and to drought tolerance as well as recovery. Loss of FATA function leads to higher sensibility to water deficit in Arabidopsis, but to no change in recovery. The increased permeability of the cuticle in the fata2 knockout mutant as shown indirectly by higher chlorophyll leaching might play a role in this. Haplotypes for FATA were identified for the two potato cultivars Albatros and Désirée. All Désirée haplotypes and Albatros haplotypes 1, 3 and 4 were also revealed by former potato pan genome studies, while Albatros haplotype 2 is unique and has not been described before. Protein models were developed to investigate the influence of different SNPs in the haplotypes on the predicted protein structure and especially the substrate cavity. In potato, protein modeling suggests that only the hypothetical isoform B of FATA might be able to process oleoyl-ACP, but not hypothetical isoform A. However, this hypothesis needs to be verified by enzyme activity assays.

FATA↗
PubMed2026

Desert-derived Ensifer sp. SA403 enhances potato salt tolerance by reshaping rhizosphere microbiome functions and host responses.

Soil salinization increasingly threatens global food security, and potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), a moderately salt-sensitive crop, is particularly vulnerable to saline soils. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) offer a promising strategy to improve crop performance, yet how PGPR interact with native microorganisms to enhance potato salt tolerance remains poorly understood. In this study, we identified a desert-derived PGPR strain, Ensifer sp. SA403, which substantially enhanced potato performance under high salinity across sterile, non-sterile and field conditions. Physiologically, inoculation with SA403 reduced shoot Na⁺ accumulation and increased the K⁺/Na⁺ ratio; notably, these effects were markedly stronger in non-sterile substrates than under sterile conditions, indicating that SA403-mediated ion homeostasis relies on cooperation with the resident microbiota rather than on the strain acting alone. Metagenomic profiling indicated that SA403 strain reshaped rhizosphere communities, significantly enriching beneficial taxa such as Priestia and Bradyrhizobium, and upregulated functional pathways involved in glutathione and sulfur metabolism. Furthermore, host transcriptomic analyses showed that SA403 modulated plant responses to salt stress, with differentially expressed genes enriched in jasmonic acid signaling, ethanolamine metabolism and amino-acid biosynthesis pathways. Field trials on saline soils confirmed that SA403 significantly increased seedling emergence and tuber weight. Together, our results demonstrate that SA403 functions as a biological mediator that optimizes rhizosphere microecology and coordinates ion balance and host signaling to enhance potato salt tolerance. These findings support the potential of SA403 as a robust PGPR-based tool for sustainable potato production on saline soils.

Rhizosphere↗
PubMed2026

Scion-based drought stress memory affects potato response to water deficit.

A scion-based stress memory signal, which was derived from drought-primed potato plants, was transmitted to new potato plants generated through vegetative reproduction. This affected potato tuber yield. Drought is one of the most significant threats to agricultural productivity worldwide. The cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a crop species that is sensitive to drought stress. This study investigated the impact of scion-based drought stress memory on tuber yield, physiological parameters, gene expression, and DNA methylation in the vegetative progeny of grafted plants. The tuber progeny plants remembered the drought stress signal transmitted from the drought-primed scion. Significant changes were observed in the expression of genes, primarily those related to photosynthetic metabolic pathways, as well as those associated with chromatin remodeling, DNA repair, and the plant's response to abiotic stresses. The gene expression landscape corresponded with variability in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. In the first and the second generation of vegetatively propagated plants, scion-based memory had a positive effect on tuber yield. This was achieved by buffering the decline in yield caused by drought, as compared to plants grown under control conditions. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing analysis revealed no correlation between changes in DNA methylation and gene expression. Drought-induced alterations in DNA methylation were erased in the second progeny generation. We propose that there is a direct causal relationship between scion-based memory of drought stress and photosynthetic efficiency, as well as potato tuber productivity.

Solanum tuberosum↗
PubMed2025

An allelic resolution gene atlas for tetraploid potato provides insights into tuberization and stress resilience.

Tubers are modified underground stems that enable asexual, clonal reproduction and serve as a mechanism for overwintering and avoidance of herbivory. Tubers are wide-spread across angiosperms with some species such as Solanum tuberosum L. (potato) serving as a vital crop for human consumption. Genes responsible for tuber initiation and disease resistance have been characterized in potato including StSP6A, a homolog of Flowering Time, that functions as tuberigen, the equivalent of florigen. To elucidate additional molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying potato biology including tuber initiation, tuber development, and stress responses, we generated a developmental and abiotic/biotic-stress gene expression atlas from 34 tissues and treatments of Atlantic, a tetraploid cultivar. Using the haplotype-phased tetraploid Atlantic genome assembly and expression abundances of 129,218 genes, we constructed gene coexpression modules that represent networks associated with distinct developmental stages as well as stress responses. Functional annotations were given to modules and used to identify genes involved in tuberization and stress resilience. Structural variation from a pan-genomic analysis across four cultivated potato genome assemblies as well as domestication and wild introgression data allowed for deeper insights into the modules to identify key genes involved in tuberization and stress responses. This study underscores the importance of transcriptional regulation in tuberization and provides a comprehensive framework for future research on potato development and improvement.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2026

Genotype-dependent DNA methylation patterns are negatively associated with allelic variation rather than heat-induced gene expression in two contrasting potato genotypes.

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important food crop that is sensitive to high temperatures, which cause major changes in the transcriptome and a reduction in yield. In several plant species, DNA methylation has been reported to influence gene expression, particularly under abiotic stress conditions. However, the role of DNA methylation in regulating gene expression in heat-tolerant and heat-sensitive potato genotypes is still poorly understood. In this study, we conducted genome-wide DNA methylome and transcriptome analyses of leaves from two contrasting potato cultivars, Annabelle (moderately heat-tolerant) and Camel (heat-sensitive), before and after heat stress (HS). Genome-wide differential methylation analysis revealed that most identified differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were constitutive, reflecting variation between cultivars rather than being induced by HS. While thousands of heat-responsive differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, only a small fraction coincided with heat-induced DMRs. Despite substantial constitutive DNA methylation and transcriptome differences between the cultivars, we found no consistent association between DMRs and DEGs, indicating that DNA methylation does not play a widespread direct regulatory role in gene expression. Surprisingly, hypermethylated genomic regions were associated with lower alternative allele frequencies, whereas hypomethylated regions showed the opposite trend. These findings indicate that the potato DNA methylome is largely stable under HS and that constitutive DNA methylation variation contributes rather to genetic diversity than to the direct regulation of gene expression.

DNA Methylation↗
PubMed1977

Teratogenicity studies on late blighted potatoes in nonhuman primates (Macaca mulatta and Saguinus labiatus).

Female rhesus monkeys and marmosets were fed a diet containing blighted potatoes (Phytophthora infestans) at a level of 10g/kg per day for at least two weeks prior to breeding and six weeks following conception in order to gain additional information on the association of blighted potatoes and the development of anencephaly and spina bifida in primate species. There was an absence of either of these neural-tube defects in 32 rhesus and 14 marmoset infants whose mothers had received a blighted potato diet. In addition there were no cranial osseous defects. There were, however, two rhesus monkey infants with internal hydrocephalus whose mothers had consumed blighted potatoes.

Anencephaly↗
PubMed2025

Resolving a century-old enigma: potato 'Bolters' originate from instability of the StCDF1.3 allele.

Potato bolters are caused by excision of a transposon from the StCDF1.3 allele, resulting in a somatic mutant with late maturity. Somatic mutations during vegetative propagation can lead to novel genotypes, known as sports. In cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum), a recurring sport type, called 'Bolters', is characterized by vigorous haulms and prolonged flowering. Bolters emerge spontaneously during potato cultivation. While deviating phenotypes are typically rogued during clonal propagation, certain bolters have been selected as sub-clonal strains. Their delayed maturity results in a longer growing season and higher yield, in particular when cultivated under short daylengths. Despite their prevalence and agronomical benefits, the genetic basis of bolters has remained unresolved 160 years after their first description in the literature. We investigated whether allelic variation at the StCDF1 locus, a central regulator of potato life cycle, underlies the bolter phenotype. We describe 34 bolters from eight cultivars. Bolters are isogenic with their parent varieties and carried new StCDF1 alleles. These arose from excision events of the Class II TIR transposon disrupting the StCDF1.3 allele conferring early maturity. Among the newly formed alleles, we predominantly identified StCDF1.2 variants, characterized by a 7-nucleotide insertion and associated with a mild effect on early maturity. We also found novel variants, including StCDF1.7, with a 6-nucleotide in-frame insertion, which appears to confer an even milder shortening of the life cycle. Based on this knowledge, we propose that selecting bolters represents a promising breeding strategy to expand the cultivation range of elite varieties and to enhance allelic diversity at a key regulatory locus.

Solanum tuberosum↗
PubMed1975

Alpha-glucan phosphorylase from sweet potato: isolation and properties of the partially degraded enzyme.

Alpha-Glucan phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.1.) was purified from sweet potato roots. Apparently homogeneous preparations obtained are partially degraded products from phosphorylase, as judged from the results of molecular weight determination, NH-2-termini analysis and pyridoxal-5'-P assay. Phosphorylase is shown to be degraded in the crude extract from sweet potato. The degradation is partly suppressed by EDTA and by salts and is accelerated by reducing agents. It is proposed that sweet potato phosphorylase in its intact form has a similar molecular structure and similar properties to the white potato enzyme. Both plant phosphorylases are preferentially cleaved by protease near the middle of their polypeptide chains without much loss of enzyme activity.

Amino Acid Sequence↗