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Results for “point of departure”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Major depression is not a diagnosis, it is a departure point to differential diagnosis -- clinical and hormonal considerations (a commentary and elaboration on Antonejevic's paper).

Currently, the prevailing diagnostic systems of mental disorders, including Depressions and anxieties are based on descriptive phenomenological approach and not on etiology and pathophysiology. However, cumulative knowledge suggests that the field is moving towards establishment of subtypes or phenotypes of depressions based on different pathophysiologies, which may result in differential treatment responses. What is currently defined as 'Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)' may be the end-result of multiple heterogeneous biological and psychosocial processes. Therefore, MDD is actually a first step towards a differential diagnosis that eventually may lead to pathophysiology-based entities. Several hormonal systems may play a major role in the pathophysiology of several subtypes of depressions and anxieties. They include but are not limited to dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system, HP-Gonadal (HPG) and Thyroid (HPT) systems as well as their interactions with immune and other biological and psychosocial processes. Elucidation of the multiple underlying mechanisms of depressions and anxieties should lead to targeted treatment modalities and improvement of treatment responses.

Affect↗
PubMed1985

[Possibilities and departure points for quantitative cytologic evaluation of urothelial cells for cancer diagnosis using microscopic procedures and digital image processing].

Examination of exfoliated urothelial cells present in the urine has been shown to be useful by cytologists, but urinary cytology is not yet widely accepted for routine diagnostic purposes. The accuracy of urinary cytology is almost limited to high-grade transitional carcinoma (grade II-III), but is of limited value in the diagnosis of benign papilloma and low-grade tumors (grade I). The sensitivity of cytology would be increased from 50% to 80% by using a computer-based cytophotometric microscope, especially in differentiating grade I tumors.

Cytodiagnosis↗
PubMed1998

[Danish contributions to early cell biology: with a point of departure in films, among others about the inauguration of the biological institute of the Carlsberg Foundation October 19, 1932].

Louis Pasteur in France saw that microbes might cause disease, Gerhard Armauer Hansen in Norway established a connection between a bacterium and a human disease, and Robert Koch in Germany supplied the final proof that linked bacteria to disease. From then on there was an explosion in interest and techniques for cultivation of bacteria. It lasted about 30 years before Harrison in the USA succeeded in growing cells from multicellular organisms in pure culture. His technique came to Denmark at an early time point and the Rockefeller Foundation in New York and the Carlsberg Foundation in Copenhagen joined forces and built the Biological Institute of the Carlsberg Foundation in order to support Albert Fischer in his study of cell biology. His first assistant at this Institute, Fritz Lipmann, won the Nobel Prize for 1953 for work initiated there. The Institute remained a center for cell biology for almost 50 years. At the neighboring Rockefeller Institute in Copenhagen Einar Lundsgaard obtained results showing in the short perspective that current concepts of cellular utilization of energy were wrong, and in the long perspective his assistant, Herman Kalckar, would formulate modern concepts of cellular oxidative phosphorylations. This review is based in part on films from the 1930's.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed2005

Making sense of illness: late-in-life migration as point of departure for elderly Iranian immigrants' explanatory models of illness.

This article is based on data gathered through 60 qualitative interviews conducted within the realm of three research projects that have used "culture-appropriate lenses" to study the postmigration situation of late-in-life Iranian immigrants to Sweden. The findings gathered through these studies were interpreted against the backdrop that culturally appropriate nursing theories provide. This meant that it was, at times, these elders' backgrounds as cultural "others" that were implicitly used to make sense of the various issues that were brought to the fore by these studies. The particular issue with which this article is concerned is the "unusualness" of these elders' explanatory models of illness. Inspired by the concept "definition of situation" in the symbolic interactionist perspective and by the feeling that this perspective might bring about a different interpretation of the original findings regarding their understandings of illness and disease, we set out to conduct a secondary analysis of these elders' explanatory models of illness. The findings presented in this article will show how the elderly Iranian immigrants interviewed in these three studies utilize the process of "late in life migration" as a point of reference for their understandings of what has caused the illnesses from which they suffered. Hereby we will suggest that the "unusualness" of their explanatory models of illness might be best understood if we focus on what they shared as immigrants (i.e., the fact that the process of late-in-life migration has made their culture obsolete) as opposed to what they shared as Iranians (i.e., their culture of origin).

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1995

A code of ethics for European health librarians: the points of departure.

Codes of ethics are a classic mark of a profession, and their preparation is an important part of the work expected of a professional organization. EAHIL has recently embarked on drafting a code for European health librarians. This paper explains the background to EAHIL's decision, and reviews existing codes of ethical practice in the fields of both medicine and library and information work.

Codes of Ethics↗
PubMed2000

Social history of medicine in Spain: points of departure and directions for research.

The development and extension of activities in the domain of die social history of medicine in Spain since the 1960s is reviewed. Attention is paid, first, to the institutional setting and theoretical background of this broad line of research, taking the perspective of the professionalization of the subject of the 'history of medicine' as an under-graduate discipline in the syllabus of the Faculties of Medicine. Secondly, four main directions for research are outlined, namely disease and society, health policies, health professions and gender and medicine, including critical attention to the principal works, active authors, and working and narrative styles.

Historiography↗
PubMed1992

Point of departure (a play about founding the profession).

Through a combination of recorded conversations, published speeches, and correspondence, insights are gained into some perspectives of William Rush Dunton, Jr., MD (1868-1966), one of the founders of the occupational therapy movement. His views on the spirit of research and the differentiation of occupational therapy and physical therapy are offered. His personal feelings about some of his contemporaries--Adolf Meyer, Eleanor Clarke Slagle, and George Edward Barton--are also related. The events leading to the creation of the National Society for the Promotion of Occupational Therapy in 1917, the forerunner of the American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc., are detailed.

Constitution and Bylaws↗
PubMed1975

[Speech behavior of schizophrenics. Assay of an experimental point of departure (author's transl)].

Schizophrenic subjects and a control group of healthy subjects were tested with the following three language tasks: (1) to complete interruptions in a text, (2) to compose sentences from a sample of words written on cards and (3) to associate word cards to certain concepts. Besides the correct words, so-called irrelevant words were given as distracting stimuli. The inferior performance of the acute paranoid hallucinating subjects is interpreted in the sense of disturbance of cognitive selective functions. It is assumed that the central nervous inhibition of irrelevant stimuli fails to work successfully in certain groups of schizophrenics.

Female↗