Search PubMedSearch

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “pancreas”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

[The anatomical and histological investigation of the pancreas in the 19th century and till the discovery of insulin (1921). 1. The anatomical pancreas research from the beginning till the discovery of islets of pancreas (1869) (author's transl)].

In this investigated period are the vessels of pancreas exactly described. Further on are in the first half of the 19th century comparative-anatomical and embryological studies on pancreas carried out. The physiology and function of pancreas are also in this time investigated. The enzymatic digestion of succus pancreaticus is discovered. RUDOLF VIRCHOW has 1854 the internal secretion of pancreas postulated.

Anatomy

[The anatomical and histological investigation of the pancreas in the 19th century and till the discovery of insulin (1921). 2. The pancreas research from the discovery of islets (1869) till the discovery of pancreas-diabetes (1889) (author's transl)].

In this study is the period of the morphological exploration of the pancreas from the discovery of islets of LANGERHANS (1869) to the discovery of pancreas-diabetes through von MERING and MINKOWSKI (1889) investigated. In his thesis has PAUL LANGERHANS the islets of pancreas and the centro-acinar cells described. In the period from 1869 to 1889 has the majority of investigators the opinion that the islets are parts of the lymphatic system. In the other hand investigators have the opinion that islets are parts of pancreatic ducts or residues of the embryonic period. RENAUT (1879) makes it possible that islets are derivatives of epithelial tissues. KUHNE (1875) gives the description of vessels in the islets of Langerhans. KUHNE and LEA (1882) have found that islets are independent of acini. This hypothesis has RUDOLPH HEIDENHAIN (1875) supposed.

Anatomy

[The anatomical and histological investigation of the pancreas in the 19th century and till the discovery of insulin (1921). 4. The pancreas-research after the discovery of pancreas-diabetes (1889) till the discovery of insulin].

In this study is the history of the pancreas-research between 1889 and 1921 described. In this period are any important discoverys detected: The islets have 2 cell types (TSCHASSOW-NIKOW 1900, 1906); the connection between diabetes mellitus and islet-alterations (OPIE 1900); the independence of islets on exocrine parenchyma (SCHULZE 1900); the discovery of internal secretion (BAYLISS, STARLING 1902) and the regeneration of islets in mammals and the man (KYRLE 1908; WEICHSELBAUM 1908 in independent publications.

Diabetes Mellitus

Subcutaneous, isogeneic transplantation of duct-ligated pancreas in streptozotocin diabetic mice: relationships between recovery and hormone contents in transplants or host pancreas.

Recovery from diabetes was observed in streptozotocin-treated mice that received subcutaneous, isogeneic transplants of duct-ligated pancreas. Transplants excised from recovered hosts contained both immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and glucagon (IRG), indicating that both A and B cells capable of hormone storage were present. The IRI content in transplants, although only one sixth of that transplanted 6 wk earlier, was still 21/2 times greater than that in the host pancreas and was inversely related to the plasma glucose of the recipient during and after recovery. The IRI content in the transplant added to that in the host pancreas totaled 13% of the IRI found in the normal mouse pancreas, which sufficed for over-all recovery from diabetes but was insufficient to provide normal glucose tolerance and insulin response to a major glucose challenge. The abnormally high content of glucagon noted in the pancreas of hyperglycemic, sham transplanted mice was reduced by one-half in the pancreas of those transplanted mice returning to normal plasma glucose and insulin. Thus, the insulin content of the transplant was important to the recovery of isografted mice, but in addition, and perhaps as a consequence of recovery, there was a slight increase in the insulin storage capacity of the host pancreas and a marked reduction of glucagon compared to the content of these hormones in the pancreas of hyperglycemic, sham transplanted mice.

Animals

In-situ-isolated perfused rat pancreas: a new method for pharmacological studies of the exocrine pancreas.

A method of in-situ-isolated perfused rat pancreas is described. In situ perfusion of the isolated rat pancreas allows a faster set-up, thanks to a simpler operating procedure. The sensitivity of the isolated rat pancreas has been tested with secretin and cholecystokinin. The pancreas responds to doses of secretin as low as 0.005 CU/kg-h. Such a highly sensitive model might prove to be useful for the bioassay of secretin and the study of the effects of pancreatic secretagogues.

Animals

[Current status in transplantation of the endocrine pancreas in the treatment of diabetes mellitus 2. Transplantation of fetal pancreas].

The latest findings support hypotheses that diabetes complications are secondary to metabolic control which current insulin therapy is unable to render constant. Surgical attempts to transplant the pancreas and Langerhans islets in the treatment of diabetes mellitus are reviewed and special attention paid to the use of the foetal pancreas which has proved particularly suitable in preventing microangiopathic complication. Comments are based on a careful review of the literature, made in the light of personal experience.

Animals

Computed tomography of the pancreas: the use of intravenous contast to define the dorsal surface of the pancreas.

After a non-selective review of 80 abdominal CT examinations, it was found that the use of intravenous contrast markedly improves the recognition of the superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein. These veins lie adjacent to the posterior surface of the pancreas. When the pancreas is poorly seen due to inadequate retroperitoneal fat, when pancreatic size is borderline, or when pancreatic ductal obstruction is suspected on scans prior to intravenous contrast administration, the use of contrast may resolve the uncertainty.

Abdominal Neoplasms

Sulphate metabolism in the exocrine pancreas. II. The production of sulphated macromolecules by the mouse exocrine pancreas.

The types of sulphated macromolecules produced by the exocrine pancrease were investigated. To determine whether this tissue utilized inorganic sulphate for protein production, the in-vitro behaviour of material labelled with 35S-sulphate was compared with material labelled with [3H]leucine (secretory proteins). While incubating tissue slices in the presence of cycloheximide resulted in an immediate and nearly complete inhibition of protein synthesis, a similar decrease in production of sulphated material was not observed until after 2 h of incubation in the presence of the drug. Likewise, the kinetics of pilocarpine-induced discharge of radioactive material from pancreatic slices pulse-labelled with either 3H-Leu. or 35S-sulphate was compared. During the first 90 min of stimulation sulphated macromolecules were detected in chase medium 10-15 min prior to the appearance of 3H-labelled secretory proteins. That in-vitro behaviour of sulphated material differed from radioleucine-labelled material is indicative of the fact that the pancreas utilizes inorganic sulphate for the production of macromolecules other than secretory proteins. Lipid and proteoglycan fractions were prepared from pancreatic tissue 4 h after intraperitoneal injection of radiosulphate. The recovery of a significant amount of radioactivity in both fractions deomonstrated the ability of the pancreas to use inorganic sulphate for the production of both sulphated lipids and sulphated proteoglycans. The possible function of sulphated macromolecules in pancreatic secretion is discussed.

Animals

[Pharmacoangiography of the pancreas in cases of chronic pancreatitis and carcinoma of the pancreas (author's transl)].

Pancreatic angiography was performed in 246 patients using various vasodilating drugs. A pancreatographic effect could be found in 79% of all cases; Tolazolin was particularly efficient, since the effect could be found in 91% of the cases receiving the drug. The diagnostic value of different parameters was assessed in patients with chronic pancreatitis and in patients with carcinoma of the pancreas, in particular concerning the presence or absence of the pancreatographic effect, and the structure, width and contours of this organ. Evaluating the pancreatographic effect and vascular changes a correct diagnosis could be obtained in 69% of all cases with chronic pancreatitis and in 78% of all cases with carcinoma of the pancreas. The pancreatographic effect was diagnostically essential in 26% of all cases, and turned out to be rather useful in patients with chronic pancreatitis, whereas its diagnostic value was less in patients with carcinoma. The diagnostic value of angiography can be improved by the superselective technique and by applying the vasodilator Tolazolin, which is well tolerated and gives an excellent pancreatographic effect.

Adenocarcinoma

[The endocrine pancreas. From the isolated islet to the "artificial pancreas" (author's transl)].

The endocrine function of the pancreas consists of the promotion of storage of nutritive substances after meals through the liberation of insulin and to guarantee the mobilization of this food energy through the secretion of glucagon during fasting. Increased hormone production may result from tumors of the islet cells (insulin: insulinoma; glucagon: glucagonoma; gastrin: Zollinger-Ellison syndrome). An absolute or relative insulin deficiency is a characteristic of diabetes mellitus, in which a relative hyperglucagonemia is also of possible pathophysiological significance. This increased secretion of glucagon can be suppressed by somatostatin. While the clinical application of somatostatin in diabetes mellitus seems problematic at present, the use of a glucose-controlled system of insulin infusion ("artificial pancreas") makes possible a metabolic state approaching the healthy condition.

Adult

The contribution of the pancreas and the intestine to the regulation of lipolysis in birds. 2. Impaired lipolytic activity of pancreatic glucagon in the absence of either the pancreas or the intestine in the chicken.

Adipose tissue was removed from five-day old chickens after a) an overnight fast, b) total pancreatectomy and c) partial evisceration and digested with collagenase. The adipocytes were incubated with pancreatic glucagon (Novo) and the glycerol released into the medium taken as the index of lipolytic activity. A moderate fast, while being without effect on basal lipolysis, slightly decreased adipocyte sensitivity to glucagon. Pancreatectomy and evisceration significantly reduced both basal lipolysis and the response to glucagon: the impairment was most evident just at the concentration found in the plasma of such operated animals. It seems clear that normal lipolysis is under the control not only of pancreatic factors, but also of those of intestinal origin, and can only proceed normally when both are present.

Adipose Tissue