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Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OCSCC) is an aggressive tumor that develops within the mouth of patients. Tumor-suppressor gene loss and genomic arrangements fuel tumorigenesis and transcriptional reprogramming. Understanding how these alterations contribute to OCSCC growth and cell survival may identify new therapeutic vulnerabilities or biomarkers. We profiled the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the growth of three OCSCC cell lines using a CRISPRi-screen and identified 19 lncRNAs that contribute to OCSCC proliferation. By comparing these lncRNAs to other screens, we find that these lncRNAs are uniquely required in OCSCC and not other malignancies. We show that these lncRNAs are abundantly expressed in OCSCC cells and tumors. Independent testing of candidate lncRNAs confirms their role in supporting OCSCC growth. Our results show that a novel subset of lncRNAs are required for the growth of OCSCC cancer cells and that these lncRNAs are cell lineage specific.
The covering of epithelial defects in the oral cavity presents special problems in preprosthetic surgery, since special requisites for function and quality of mucosal grafts must be satisfied. In animal experiments mucosal defects in the oral cavity of 30 rabbits were repaired with free transplants of autologous mucosa and heterologous lyophilised dura. A comparative clinical and histological assessment of the healing processes showed that there was no essential difference between both methods. Considering the necessary second intervention, the infliction of a second wound, as well as the limited source of mucosa, our results show that the use of lyophilised dura in preprosthetic surgery is preferable.
The passage of immunoglobulin from plasma to the oral cavity was studied in rhesus monkeys. Immunoglobulins G, A and M were purified from pooled rhesus monkey serum, radiolabelled with 125I and injected intravenously into twelve monkeys. Sequential samples of oral fluids were taken over a 24 h period and were assayed for radioactivity. Radioactivity could be detected in crevicular fluid washings after 0.5 h in monkeys injected with IgG and IgA, and after 2 h in monkeys given IgM. Maximal levels were found after 4 h with each immunoglobulin. Radioactivity in parotid and mixed saliva could be detected in all animals after 30 min, reaching a maximal level after 4 h. Ultracentrifugation on sucrose density gradients revealed that most of the radioactivity in crevicular fluid washings was in the 7S zone in the animals given IgG and IgA, and in a 19S zone in animals given IgM. The radioactivity in partoid saliva did not represent intact immunoglobulin molecules, since all the activity was present in zones of low molecular weight in animals given IgG, IgA or IgM. In mixed saliva a small amount of radioactivity was found in the immunoglobulin zones. The results suggest that intact molecules of IgG, IgA and IgM can pass from plasma to the oral cavity via crevicular fluid, and could contribute to oral defence mechanisms particularly in the crevicular domain. The volume of crevicular fluid in the approximal space of deciduous molars of rhesus monkeys was estimated to be approximately 0.3 microliter.
The prognostic significance of primary tumour site in carcinomas of the oral cavity was investigated in a series of 585 cases. For the subsamples (levels and areas of oral cavity) studied, the numerical distribution of TNM categories, life tables and life table comparisons were computed. This produced the following results: Given an identical extension and analogous metastazising rate, there is no computationally demonstrable difference in prognosis between primary tumours sited at different levels and areas of the oral cavity. The exception are the T1Nx categories, for which a difference exists between precanine and retromolar sites. These results should be re-examined on the basis of a larger series.
The purpose of the study was to investigate the clinical state of the mucosa of the oral cavity, the paradontium and dentition in workers of Siarkopol in Gdańsk. Stomatologic examinations were performed in 105 workers who had been exposed to the action of sulphur dust. The subjects examined, showed inflammatory changes in the mucosa of the oral cavity (72,4%) and nontypical erosion of tooth enamel (11,4%). 74,28% of the subjects examined showed changes in the paradontium. The oral cavity of all Siarkopol workers was found to be in a poor state of hygiene.
Summary--Tumor invasion requires the breadkdown of the main structural protein, collagen. A series of fourteen epidermoid carcinomas of the larynx and oral cavity produced a collagen dissolving enzyme in vitro as demonstrated by the breakdown of 14C-labeled collagen. Oral cavity tumors showed greater activity than laryngeal carcinomas while both sites were more active than uninvolved mucosa from the same patients. Tumor associated collagenase activity, in common with previously described collagenases, can only be demonstrated in vitro and requires protein synthesis. Maximum tumor collagenase occurred at 24 hours in vitro and then declined as compared with the maximum collagenase at 72 hours in vitro produced by oral cavity mucosa. The 14 patients in our series were ranked in order of the collagenase activity of their tumors. At 18 months after the diagnosis, four of the six patients with the most active tumors were dead of cancer and one patient was alive with persistent cancer. High collagenase activity may be a factor in the clinical aggressiveness of epidermoid carcinomas of the head and neck.
The counting of the granulocytes in the oral cavity ("salivary corpuscles", orogranulocytes") gives an indication to the efficiency of the granulocytopoiesis, because there exist some analogies to the emigration of granulocytes into the tissue. Two different counting methods of the orogranulocytes, their normal values (which are in correlation to the number of teeth), the influence of local factors (like inflammations in the oral cavity), the values of orogranulocytes in myeloproliferative disorders and in agranulocytosis and granulocytopenia respectively are demonstrated. Furthermore the contributions deal with the values of the orogranulocytes during the therapy with glucocorticoids. The methods described are also suitable for the estimation of the efficiency of granulozyte transfusions.
Premetamorphic papillae of an anuran tadpole (Rana japonica) were studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Premetamorphic papillae of several shapes are seen in and around the oral cavities of tadpoles during late larval and early metamorphic stages. These papillae are composed of three parts: the apical cellular part, the underlying connective tissue core and the epithelial covering. In the apical cellular part, two populations of cells are observed: apical and basal cells. The apical cell has a slender cytoplasmic process whose apical surface is exposed in the oral cavity. The basal cell is located at the basal portion of the apical cellular part of the papilla without researching the oral cavity. A long solitary microvillus and a bunch of short microvilli are seen on the apical surface of each apical cell. The apical cells contain dense-cored vesicles of 100 nm diameter and make synaptic contacts at their basal membranes with terminals of nerve fibers. Possible chemoreceptive function of the premetamorphic papilla is discussed.
Sixty-one patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinomas of oral cavity and oropharynx were treated with chemotherapy, intravenously applied, in addition to radiation and/or surgery. An attempt was made to synchronize the tumor cell population by application of low doses of Vinblastine and the subsequent chemotherapy was based on the uptake of 99m-Tc --labelled Bleomycin in the tumor as an indication of synchronization. Increased number of mitoses in aspiration biopsy specimens and shift in the DNA distribution pattern on DNA histograms were taken as indicative of synchronization. A 50--100% regression of the tumor was achieved in 19 out of 38 patients with residual or recurrent tumors. The results were better in those patients, who received chemotherapy based on individual Tc-Bleomycin uptake curves. In 23 patients with previously untreated T3 tumors of oral cavity and oropharynx the results were somewhat better, but there was not statistically significant improvement on attempts with synchronization in this small series. There were no serious complications connected with chemotherapy.
The dentist bears a particularly great responsibility with regard to the early detection of cancer of the oral cavity, since only early detection provides the greatest prospect of a cure. A description is therefore given of the features of the oral mucous membrane on which the differential diagnosis of 'carcinoma of the oral cavity' must in particular be made. The author then sets out an examination procedure which every dentist should follow before any treatment is given; this will also make it possible to detect those carcinomas of which the patient himself is not yet aware.
The factors that produce dark pigmentation of the oral soft tissues are described. Examples are given of aberrations of the melanin-forming cells in the oral cavity and a new case of oral blue nevus is added to the literature. A unique case of localized melanosis of the tongue is described clinically and histopathologically.
An unselected biopsy material of 31 Nigerian Igbo patients with cancer of the oral cavity is presented. The descending order of localization was gingiva, palate, tongue and floor of mouth. Burkitt's tumour was limited to the jaw and affected older rather than younger children. There was scarcely any preponderance of squamous cell carcinoma in males. It would appear that cancer of the oral cavity is not a great problem in the Igbos and that potent carcinogens concerned with the causation are lacking in the community.
After a brief examination of the most modern conceptions relating to amyloidosis desease a case of sistemic amyloidosis localized in the oral cavity is presented by the authors. An iconografic series of the lesions affecting the mucous membrane of the lips, checks and tongue is meant to contribute to an easier and immediate finding of analogous cases marked by a primary localization in the oral cavity, thus facilitating an early diagnosis of the sistemic desease.
A case of hemangiopericytoma of the tongue has been described. The literature regarding hemangiopericytoma of the oral cavity has been reviewed; 35 cases have now been reported. There is essentially no difference in clinical behavior, treatment, or recurrence rate reported in the oral cavity and, because of the high recurrence rate and difficulty in predicting the clinical behavior of hemangiopericytoma, long-term follow-up care is important.
Since 1972 we have been cautiously exploring the use of CO2 laser in the management of carefully selected cases of localized carcinoma of the oral cavity. At the present time our experience is based on the treatment of 57 patients with cancer of the oral cavity. The CO2 laser has been found to be an indispensable tool in the transoral management of T1 carcinomas, multiple superficial carcinoma, extensive leukoplakia and verrucous carcinoma. The laser allows precise excision of the lesion and involved mucosa and provides and excellent specimen for histologic verification of the margins. The morbidity of laser excision is minimal, so that a tracheotomy is not needed and patients can almost always be discharged on the following day. (Follow-up data on those patients at risk for 30 months indicate excellent control rates).
The author made experiments on 49 white rats exposing their cervical skin ano oral cavity mucous membrane to the irradiation beam of a 40 mvt helium-neon laser (lambda 6328A) during 10-15 minutes. The reactive capacity of proteins was found to have intensified and the content of functionally active groups, especially SH. to have increased as well as well as the activity of the cytochromozydase. When the exposition to laser irradiation was raised to 30 minutes pronounced morphohistochemical lesions were noted in the cervical skin and oral cavity mucous membrane. The data received may be useful in clinical practice for the application of low-power laser irradiation of 6328A wave length for stimulation of metabolic processes.
A female patient suffering from donovanosis of the oral cavity without associated lesions elsewhere is reported. The importance of remembering donovanosis in the differential diagnosis of chronic granulomatous ulceration of the mouth is emphasized.