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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

The oral apparatus of Tetrahymena pyriformis, strain WH-6. IV. Observations on the organization of microtubules and filaments in the isolated oral apparatus and the differential effect of potassium chloride on the stability of oral apparatus microtubules.

This report is an ultrastructural analysis of the organization of the isolated oral apparatus of Tetrahymena pyriformis, strain WH-6, syngen 1. Attention has been focused on the organization of microtubules and filaments in oral apparatus membranelles. Oral apparatus membranellar basal bodies were characterized with respect to structural differentiations at the distal and proximal ends. The distal region of membranellar basal bodies contains the basal plate, accessory microtubules and filaments. The proximal end contains a dense material from which emanate accessory microtubules and filaments. There are at least two possibly three different arrangements of accessory structures at the proximal end of membranellar basal bodies. All membranellar basal bodies appear to have a dense material at the proximal end from which filaments emanate. Some of these basal bodies have accessory microtubules and filaments emanating from this dense material. A possible third arrangement is represented by basal bodies which have lateral projections, from the proximal end, of accessory microtubules and filaments which constitute cross or peripheral connectives. There are at least three examples of direct associations between oral apparatus microtubules and filaments: (1) filaments which form links between basal body triplet microtubules, (2) filaments which link the material of the basal plate to internal basal body microtubules, (3) filaments which link together microtubule bundles from membranellar connectives. KCl extraction of the isolated oral apparatus resulted in the selective solubilization of oral apparatus basal bodies, remnants of ciliary axonemes and fused basal plates. Based on their response to KCl extraction two distinct sets of morphologically similar micro tubules can be identified: (a) microtubules which constitute the internal structure of basal bodies and ciliary axonemes, (b) microtubules which constitute the fiber connectives between basal bodies.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Analgesic studies of codeine and oxycodone in patients with cancer. I. Comparisons of oral with intramuscular codeine and of oral with intramuscular oxycodone.

The relative analgesic potency of oral and intramuscular codeine was evaluated in a double-blind crossover comparison of graded single doses in patients with chronic pain due to cancer. When both duration and intensity of analgesia are considered (total effect), oral codeine was 6/10 as potent as the intramuscular form. This is a high oral/parenteral analgesic relative potency ratio compared with morphine, metopon and oxymorphone and correlates well with the results of recent studies which have determined the oral vs. intramuscular bioavailability of codeine in man. Oral and intramuscular oxycodone were also compared in a similar patient group. Like codeine, oxycodone retained at least 1/2 of its analgesic activity when administered orally. We hypothesize that the high oral/parenteral relative potency ratios of codeine and oxycodone relative to morphine and its congeners are not due to more efficient absorption after oral administration, but rather that methylation at position 3 in codeine and oxycodone protects these drugs from rapid first-pass metabolism.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1978

Effect of oral alanine loads on plasma amino acids in oral contraceptive users and control women.

Plasma amino acids were determined before and after orally administered alanine loads in five women using an estrogen-containing oral contraceptive and four healthy female controls. Oral contraceptive users and significant reductions in fasting plasma valine, methionine, isoleucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, histidine, glutamic acid, and alpha-aminobutyric acid. With the exception of alpha-aminobutyric acid, these differences between the two groups were eliminated within 3 hr of alanine ingestion. This effect was due to a gradual increase in the plasma amino acids of the oral contraceptive-treated women, plus no change or slight reductions in the controls.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Chemotherapy of advanced measurable colon and rectal carcinoma with oral 5-fluorouracil, alone or in combination with cyclophosphamide or 6-thioguanine, with intravenous 5-fluorouracil or beta-2'-deoxythioguanosine or with oral 3(4-methyl-cyclohexyl)-1(2-chlorethyl)-1-nitrosourea: a Phase II-III study of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (EST 4273).

In a randomized multi-institutional trial of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, 316 patients with advanced measurable colorectal adenocarcinoma were treated with a weekly schedule of 5-fluorouracil given orally and intravenously with oral-5-fluorouracil in combination with cyclophosphamide or 6-thioguanine, or with oral Methyl CCNU administered once every eight weeks. On failure or progression, 133 protocol patients crossed-over to a secondary therapy, while 116 other patients previously treated with 5-fluorouracil off protocol were randomized to treatment with Methyl CCNU or B-2'-deoxythioguanosine. Response rates among patients who had received no prior chemotherapy were 18% to oral 5-FU, 15% to intravenous 5-FU and to MeCCNU, 12% to 5-FU and 6-thioguanine and 5% to cyclophosphamide and 5-FU, with little activity (3% response rate) in crossover or previously treated patients. Treatment with 5-FU, particularly oral 5-FU was associated with the least drug-related toxicity. Hematologic toxicity was greatest with Methyl CCNU, but was no more frequent in previously treated than in untreated patients. A tendency toward cumulative bone marrow depression was noted. 5-FU was effective only in ambulatory patients, whereas responses among non-ambulatory patients were seen only in the group treated with Methyl-CCNU.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Plasma and urine levels produced by an oral dose of ampicillin 0.5 G administered to women taking oral contraceptives.

Earlier studies have shown that ampicillin produces 50% lower-and therefore very likely less adequate-plasma levels in pregnant than in nonpregnant women. The present investigation compares levels of ampicillin in plasma and urine produced by a single oral dose administered to 10 healthy women taking oral contraceptives on the 21st and on the 28th day of the menstruation cycle. Plasma levels of ampicillin were lower on the 21st day than on the 28th, i.e. a difference in the same direction as between pregnant and nonpregnant women although the difference was not significant. Contrary to what was found for pregnant women the dose of ampicillin to women taking oral contraceptives does not have to be doubled in order to compensate for lower plasma levels.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1978

Leukoplakia induced by repeated deposition of formalin in rabbit oral mucosa. Long-term experiments with a new "oral tank".

Rabbits were exposed repeatedly to formalin irritation using a new oral tank which allows a chronical contact with the oral mucosa. In long-term experiments (11 months) a preneoplastic unrest of the epithelium with dyskeratosis could be produced. This new model of "oral tank" can be used for soluble and insoluble test substances for analyzing pathogenetic processes in the oral cavity.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The manpower survey of oral surgery in 1974. Part 1 of two parts. 1. Introduction and some general characteristics of oral surgeons.

Questionnaires requesting much data about oral surgeons and their practice of the specialty were mailed to the members of the American Society of Oral Surgeons. A total of 2,251 usable questionnaires were returned. The methods used in the survey and to summarize the data have been described and some general characteristics of the responding oral surgeons have been supplied in this report. Almost 76% (75.8%) of the oral surgeons returned usable questionnaires. Only 2.4% of the respondents were younger than 30 years and 60.5% were in the age range of 30 to 44 years. The average age of all respondents was 43.0 years. Slightly more than 80% participate in private practice either full-time or part-time teaching. Only 5.1% of the respondents aged 65 to 69 had retired. Almost 82% (81.7%) were active members of the Society. More respondents (24.7%) practiced in cities with populations larger than 500,000 and only 4.5% practiced in cities with populations less than 25,000. More than half of the 2,251 respondents (53.8%) practiced in cities with populations less than 150,000, and 44.4% were in cities with populations less than 100,000.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Reduction in incidence of rheumatoid arthritis associated with oral contraceptives. Royal College of General Practitioners' Oral Contraception Study.

Analyses of the frequency of reporting of rheumatoid arthritis have been undertaken as part of the continuing major prospective survey of oral contraceptives. The rate of reporting in oral-contraceptive users (takers) is half of the rate in non-users (controls). The rates for ex-takers and controls are not materially different. The expected rise in the rate of reporting in women over 35 is apparent in controls but suppressed in takers. In the absence of any accountable bias, it is concluded that oral contraceptives protect against the development of rheumatoid arthritis. Although the effect is small, the observation may be valuable in understanding the aetiology of the disease and the mechanism of action of oral contraceptives.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Expression of Ricinus communis receptors on epithelial cells in oral carcinomas and oral wounds.

The histological distribution of receptors for Ricinus communis Fraction 1 (RCA1) in oral carcinomas and in oral epithelial cells during wound healing has been studied by use of fluorescein-tagged RCA1. Biopsies from 15 human oral carcinomas and adjacent normal mucosa showed RCA1 receptors at the cell membranes in the basal and spinous layer of the normal epithelium, whereas receptors could not be demonstrated in invading islands of the tumors. In healing oral wounds from eight humans and three monkeys, RCA1 receptors were demonstrated both in normal epithelium adjacent to the wounds and in the epithelial outgrowth from the wound margin. Titrations, however, showed that the epithelial outgrowth reacted more weakly than did the normal adjacent epithelium. These results support previous in vitro studies showing changes in carbohydrate composition of moving normal cells and of malignant cells, a finding that may be of interest in relation to formation of metastases.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Comparative randomized study of protected environment plus oral antibiotics versus oral antibiotics alone in neutropenic patients.

A series of 24 patients with severe neutropenia, most of whom had acute myeloblastic leukemia, were treated in an isolation unit with oral nonabsorbable antibiotics and were compared to 21 similar patients receiving oral antibiotics alone. The frequency of bacterial infections was lower in the patients receiving both isolation and oral antibiotics compared to the patients who received only oral antibiotics. The responses to chemotherapy in terms of remission rates were identical for the two groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Oral candidiasis in leukoplakia and carcinoma of the oral cavity (author's transl)].

The incidence of Candida albicans and other candida species were examined by mycological culture and histologically in 193 patients with various forms of oral leukoplakia and 14 patients with carcinoma of the oral mucosa, the results being compared with a control group of 137 subjects with a normal mucosa. Comparing the leukoplakia groups one with the other and with the control group revealed definite, usually statistically significant, differences in the incidence of fungi: 46.4% of patients, 29.2% among controls. The incidence of oral fungi was 35.4% among those with noxigenic leukoplakia, 50% in precancerous leukoplakia, 71.5% in mucosal carcinoma, and 49% in nosogenic leukoplakia (mainly lichen planus mucosae). The fungal elements could be demonstrated histologically much less frequently than by culture, but the difference of demonstration was statistically more significant between the different forms of leukoplakia. It is probable that chronic candidiasis in leukoplakia is not carcinogenic as such but is the microbiological and indicator of a local or systemic disorder of the cellular immune system.

Candida↗
PubMed1978

[The effect of oral butyl-biguanide on oral glucose tolerance and renal glucose reabsorption in normal human subjects in vivo (author's transl)].

1. Oral glucose tolerance in 11 normal subjects was significantly improved after peroral administration of 150 mg of butyl-biguanide. 2. On the other hand maxiumum capacity of renal glucose reabsorption (TmG) and lowest glomerular glucose filtration rate at which glucosuria was recorded (F min) remained uninfluenced after 150 mg of butyl-biguanide in 7 normal subjects. 3. These results are compatible with the hypothesis that the oral administration of therapeutic doses of biguanides yields concentrations at the luminal face of the intestine which inhibit glucose resorption. Plasma concentrations following oral intake of the same dose of biguanide are too low to exert any inhibiting action on renal glucose reabsorption as demonstrated by the present in vivo studies. 4. Urinary flow rate and inulin clearance remained unaltered after butyl-biguanide in these normal subjects.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1977

Mortality among oral-contraceptive users. Royal College of General Practitioners' Oral Contraception Study.

In a large prospective study carried out in the United Kingdom, the death-rate from diseases of the circulatory system in women who had used oral contraceptives was five times that of controls who had never used them; and the death-rate in those who had taken the pill continuously for 5 years or more was ten times that of the controls. The excess deaths in oral-contraceptive users were due to a wide range of vascular conditions. The total mortality-rate in women who had ever used the pill was increased by 40%, and this was due to an increase in deaths from circulatory diseases of 1 per 5000 ever-users per year. The excess was substantially greater than the death-rate from complications of pregnancy in the controls, and was double the death-rate from accidents. The excess mortality-rate increased with age, cigarette smoking, and duration of oral contraceptive use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

The epidemiology of oral tumours. A report prepared by a Working Group of the Commission on Classification and Statistics for Oral Conditions.

The vital statistics collected by the national and international registries and organizations include information on oral cancer. As their work proceeds and the accumulated information increases and probably also becomes progressively more reliable because of increasing accuracy in clinical diagnosis and death certification, the purpose of epidemiological research, that is, the identification of etiological factors, will come nearer to fulfilment. On the other hand, very little is known about the epidemiology and demography odontogenic tumours. Although these tumours are relatively uncommon they are of considerable practical and theoretical importance to dentists, oral surgeons and pathologists. Since workers in the oral field are especially concerned with these lesions they are in a particularly favourable situation to collate data. Although a lengthy period would be required to amass significant numbers of cases, the effect would be well worth while.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed2026

Lesion-specific oral microbiome signatures and predicted carcinogenic pathways in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a paired-site study in Pakistan.

BACKGROUND: Oral squamous cell carcinoma accounts for over 90% of oral neoplasms. Despite therapeutic advances, the lack of reliable, non-invasive biomarkers and delayed diagnosis continues to impede effective clinical management. By combining paired lesion and non-lesion sampling with predictive metagenomics analysis, our study addresses this gap and advances the current understanding of microbiome&#x2012;tumor interactions. METHODS: We analyzed 92 buccal swab samples from 39 OSCC patients and 14 healthy controls using 16S rRNA gene (V3-V4) sequencing. Taxonomic profiling was conducted using QIIME2 and SILVA/eHOMD databases, functional pathways were predicted using PICRUSt2, and hub taxa were identified through co-abundance network analysis. RESULTS: Microbial community structure differed significantly across lesion, non-lesion, and healthy sites (PERMANOVA, p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.001). Lesions were enriched with Selenomonas infelix and Treponema vincentii, while healthy controls harbored Streptococcus oralis and Gemella haemolysans. Co-abundance network analysis revealed lesion-specific hub species, notably T. vincentii, strongly correlated with predicted activation of pyrimidine biosynthesis pathways (r&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.69, q&#x2009;<&#x2009;1E-6), suggesting predicted metabolic alterations in the tumor microenvironment. Non-lesion sites were also characterized by two hub species, Prevotella melaninogenica and Segatella oulorum. CONCLUSION: Our findings define a lesion-specific microbial signature of OSCC characterized by the depletion of health-associated taxa, enrichment of pro-inflammatory pathobionts, and predicted associations with metabolic pathways implicated in carcinogenesis. These alterations reflect a predicted functionally altered tumor microenvironment.

16S rRNA gene↗
PubMed1977

A comparison of oral theophylline and oral salbutamol in exercise-induced asthma.

Ten patients with exercise-induced asthma were premedicated with oral salbutamol and oral theophylline on separate occasions before performing a standardised exercise test. Although both agents produced bronchodilatation, reflected by increases in peak expiratory flow rates (PEFR) at rest, they were generally ineffective in preventing an abnormal post-exercise fall in PEFR. Only one patient was afforded protection by salbutamol and another two patients by theophylline.

Administration, Oral↗