Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “new methods”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1987

The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees.

A new method called the neighbor-joining method is proposed for reconstructing phylogenetic trees from evolutionary distance data. The principle of this method is to find pairs of operational taxonomic units (OTUs [= neighbors]) that minimize the total branch length at each stage of clustering of OTUs starting with a starlike tree. The branch lengths as well as the topology of a parsimonious tree can quickly be obtained by using this method. Using computer simulation, we studied the efficiency of this method in obtaining the correct unrooted tree in comparison with that of five other tree-making methods: the unweighted pair group method of analysis, Farris's method, Sattath and Tversky's method, Li's method, and Tateno et al.'s modified Farris method. The new, neighbor-joining method and Sattath and Tversky's method are shown to be generally better than the other methods.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Clarifying confusion: the confusion assessment method. A new method for detection of delirium.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a new standardized confusion assessment method (CAM) that enables nonpsychiatric clinicians to detect delirium quickly in high-risk settings. DESIGN: Prospective validation study. SETTING: Conducted in general medicine wards and in an outpatient geriatric assessment center at Yale University (site 1) and in general medicine wards at the University of Chicago (site 2). PATIENTS: The study included 56 subjects, ranging in age from 65 to 98 years. At site 1, 10 patients with and 20 without delirium participated; at site 2, 16 patients with and 10 without delirium participated. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: An expert panel developed the CAM through a consensus building process. The CAM instrument, which can be completed in less than 5 minutes, consists of nine operationalized criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III-R). An a priori hypothesis was established for the diagnostic value of four criteria: acute onset and fluctuating course, inattention, disorganized thinking, and altered level of consciousness. The CAM algorithm for diagnosis of delirium required the presence of both the first and the second criteria and of either the third or the fourth criterion. At both sites, the diagnoses made by the CAM were concurrently validated against the diagnoses made by psychiatrists. At sites 1 and 2 values for sensitivity were 100% and 94%, respectively; values for specificity were 95% and 90%; values for positive predictive accuracy were 91% and 94%; and values for negative predictive accuracy were 100% and 90%. The CAM algorithm had the highest predictive accuracy for all possible combinations of the nine features of delirium. The CAM was shown to have convergent agreement with four other mental status tests, including the Mini-Mental State Examination. The interobserver reliability of the CAM was high (kappa = 0.81 - 1.0). CONCLUSIONS: The CAM is sensitive, specific, reliable, and easy to use for identification of delirium.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[New methods and new technics in pedodontics: "conscious sedation"!].

The reasons why is it sometimes necessary to resort in paediatric dentistry to the use of conscious sedation with N2O/O2 are explained together with clinical indications and applications. The excellent results obtained with this technique lead to greater cooperation of the child, to a positive emotional contact with dental treatment and the possibility of performing the necessary therapies with greater precision.

Ambulatory Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1977

[The ball deformation method, a new method in oryhopedics for the quantitative threedimensional force flow determination in bone models].

The long term results of 1135 followed up patients after coxarthrosis-operations showed, besides being very effective, typical complications and problems. The bone bearing strength and strain has to be known exactly. In the past there was no method known for quantitative 3dimensional measurement of strength flow in case of biomechanical alteration by operations. The ball deformation system is introduced which was tested on bone models.

Arthritis↗
PubMed1978

Hearing testing in baby health centres: pilot scheme for evaluation of a new method.

A new method of hearing testing has been evaluated on a trial basis in the Baby Health Centres of the Sydney Inner Metropolitan and Illawarra Health Regions, of New South Wales. This consists of earlier and more frequent testing with a newly devised range of auditory stimuli presented in front of the child, rather than behind the child. The reason for the change is that earlier detection leads to earlier treatment and improved speech. The new method will assess whether there is adequate hearing for speech development.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗
PubMed1992

Small pupil enlargement during cataract extraction. A new method.

A new method for enlarging a small pupil during cataract extraction is described. The technique is simple and safe, and uses new instruments that reduce or entirely eliminate the need to incise or suture the iris. This method of pupil enlargement can be used for extracapsular cataract extraction and phacoemulsification procedures.

Cataract Extraction↗
PubMed1987

New method for measurement of hepatic blood flow in the rat using thermodilution method.

A new method for measurement of hepatic blood flow in the rat is described. The method involved the use of a thermodilution technique. A thermistor probe was placed in a right hepatic vein of the median lobe of the liver, and a thermal indicator was injected into the portal vein via a catheter. The hepatic blood flow was then estimated from changes in the blood temperature. Measured hepatic blood flow was 25.6 +/- 2.3 ml/min (mean +/- SD, n = 17) or 2.80 +/- 0.45 ml/min/g liver. These results are in a good agreement with other studies that used different techniques to estimate total hepatic blood flow in the rat. To verify this method, an in vitro isolated liver perfusion model was used. The actual flow rates determined by time collection of outflow and the measured flow rates estimated by the thermodilution technique were well correlated (r = 0.968, less than P .001). This new technique is simple and accurate and can be used for repeated serial measurements of hepatic blood flow in the same animal.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neutrophil killing of single microorganisms as measured by a new method.

A new method of measuring polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) microbicidal activity was developed in which single colony forming units of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated in microtiter wells with or without PMN, centrifuged, and incubated overnight. The percentage of bacteria killed was determined by comparing the number of PMN-containing wells showing bacterial growth to PMN-free controls. This percentage was positively correlated with the number of PMN in each well and was reduced if plates were not centrifuged or if cytochalasin B was added. Killing of either S. aureus or Escherichia coli was enhanced using fresh serum activated by prior exposure to large numbers of E. coli. There was no enhancement using heated serum that had been exposed to E. coli, nor was there enhancement when S. aureus was preopsonized by exposure to fresh serum. This assay circumvents problems in assessing microbicidal activity where aggregation of organisms might otherwise be an issue.

Blood Bactericidal Activity↗
PubMed1989

Colposcopy and computer graphics: a new method?

A new method is herein described that uses the most recent computer science techniques to obtain digitalized colposcopic images that may be useful not only as documents, but also as research tools. Because computer graphics is a recent and ever-growing discipline, our method, too, might undergo considerable improvements: some possible improvements are hypothesized in the text. The most striking features of this method are the excellent quality of images, their easy reproducibility, and the reasonable cost.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1989

Vaginal reconstruction with an axial subcutaneous pedicle flap from the inferior abdominal wall: a new method.

A new method of vaginal reconstruction is reported. In the procedure, the left inferior abdominal wall flap with the subcutaneous pedicle containing epigastric superficial blood vessels and/or the circumflex iliac superficial vessel and the external pudendal vessel and their branches is raised and passed through an immediate extraperitoneal tunnel to be the artificial vagina. The operation is straightforward, quick, and safe. Thirty consecutive patients suffering from congenital absence of vagina have been treated. All flaps in the group, which were less bulky, survived completely. The follow-up survey was carried out from 6 months to more than 4 years postoperatively. There was no occurrence of hernia after surgery. The reconstructed vaginas in all patients were clean, soft, elastic, and expansible. Married patients indicated satisfaction with their sexual life.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1986

Selective bronchial intubation for one lung anaesthesia in thoracic surgery. A new method.

A new method for one lung anaesthesia in thoracic surgery is described. Separate lung ventilation is obtained with selective main bronchus intubation, by means of an appropriate cuffed tube inserted through a standard orotracheal tube. Ventilation is carried out separately through the bronchial tube on one side and the residual tracheal tube lumen on the other side. This method greatly simplifies the technique of bronchial intubation and offers many advantages over commercially available double-lumen tubes.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1985

Dual-photon absorptiometry of mandibles: in vitro test of a new method.

A new method for non-invasive in vivo measurement of changes in bone mineral content (BMC) of mandibles, comprising two-dimensional dual-photon absorptiometry (GT45), has been developed and tested in vitro on mandibular specimens. The analysis showed that: 1) in vitro precision and accuracy of the methods are high, 2) effect of fat and soft tissue on photon attenuation is slight when scanning jaws and forearm bones, 3) BMC in units (U/cm2) in standard area, comprising mandibular base and body in left molar region, is representative for BMC in total mandibular base and body, 4) cortical bone constitutes the main part of measured BMC in mandibles, and 5) BMC of molar region is highly correlated to cortical bone mass in mm3/mm2 subperiosteal surface of standard locality anterior to and below mental foramen, measured by histomorphometry. GT45 seems suitable for in vivo estimation of BMC changes in edentulous jaws and in mandibular base and body of dentate mandibles in longitudinal and cross-sectional studies. The radiation dose is negligible.

Adipose Tissue↗