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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Oxymetazoline hydrochloride nasal spray for nasal function recovery after endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary adenectomy: a propensity score-matched cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether short-term adjunctive oxymetazoline hydrochloride nasal spray is associated with improved early nasal recovery after endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma. METHODS: This single-center retrospective propensity score-matched cohort study included adults undergoing first-time endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal surgery between January 2021 and December 2024. Patients receiving oxymetazoline hydrochloride 0.05% nasal spray plus routine saline irrigation were compared with those receiving saline irrigation alone. The primary outcome was longitudinal change in Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) score from postoperative baseline to weeks 1, 2, and 4. Secondary outcomes included endoscopic nasal findings, nasal comfort, responder-defined NOSE improvement, and short-term safety outcomes. RESULTS: Among 860 eligible patients, 630 remained after 1:1 propensity score matching, with 315 patients in each group. Baseline covariates and postoperative pre-intervention nasal status were well balanced. Adjunctive oxymetazoline was associated with lower NOSE scores and modestly more favorable endoscopic findings and nasal comfort during early follow-up, although the absolute between-group differences were small and attenuated by week 4. Responder analyses based on ≥ 30% NOSE score reduction showed no statistically significant between-group differences. Major postoperative nasal complications were comparable between groups. Potentially drug-related adverse reactions occurred in 55 patients in the oxymetazoline group (17.5%), mainly mild local symptoms, and no serious drug-related adverse events or treatment discontinuations were documented. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term adjunctive oxymetazoline combined with routine saline irrigation was associated with modest early nasal recovery benefits after endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal surgery. Its use should remain cautious, selective, and time-limited, pending prospective confirmation of clinical benefit and long-term safety.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Effects of drinking hot water, cold water, and chicken soup on nasal mucus velocity and nasal airflow resistance.

Nasal mucus velocity and nasal airflow resistance were measured in 15 healthy subjects before and at 5 and 30 minutes after drinking hot water by sip or straw, hot chicken soup by sip or straw, and cold water by sip. A sham drinking procedure with straw was also employed. Hot water by sip increased nasal mucus velocity from 6.2 to 8.4 mm per min, hot chicken soup by sip from 6.9 to 9.2 mm per min, and chicken soup by straw from 6.4 to 7.8 mm per min five minutes after administration. These increases were statistically significant compared to cold water, hot water by straw and sham. All values returned to their baseline at 30 minutes except cold water which significantly decreased the nasal mucus velocity from 7.3 to 4.5 mm per min. There were no significant changes from baseline in nasal airflow resistance 5 and 30 minutes following the above treatments. We conclude that drinking hot fluids transiently increases nasal mucus velocity in part or totally through the nasal inhalation of water vapor. Hot chicken soup, either through the aroma sensed at the posterior nares or through a mechanism related to taste, appears to possess an additional substance for increasing nasal mucus velocity. Finally, hot liquid might be superior to cold liquids in the management of fluids in upper respiratory tract infections.

Adult↗
PubMed2024

S100A9 induces tissue remodeling of human nasal epithelium in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp.

BACKGROUND: Chronic inflammation triggers tissue remodeling in human nasal epithelial (HNE) cells. S100A9, a protein secreted by inflammatory cells, exhibits potent proinflammatory activity. However, its effect on HNE cell remodeling, such as squamous metaplasia, remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects and underlying pathways of S100A9 on HNE cell remodeling and investigate its clinical implications in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). METHODS: Cultured HNE cells were treated with S100A9. Bulk RNA sequencing was performed to analyze gene ontology (GO). Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were also analyzed. Additionally, immunohistochemistry and multiplex immunofluorescence were performed on tissue samples obtained from 60 patients, whose clinical informations were also reviewed. RESULTS: GO enrichment analysis indicated that S100A9 induced tissue remodeling in HNE cells toward squamous metaplasia. IPA and KEGG commonly showed that S100A9 affected HNE cells associated with the IL-17 signaling pathway, including target molecules such as matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) and small proline-rich protein 2A (SPRR2A). Squamous metaplasia with a marked expression of S100A9 was observed in 50% of CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs). In addition, in multiplex immunofluorescence, the S100A9 in sub-epithelium was co-expressed with myeloperoxidase, a neutrophil marker, and MMP1 and SPRR2A were strongly expressed in epithelial remodeling. Clinically, the expression of S100A9 correlated with sino-nasal outcome test-22 (r = 0.294, p = 0.022) and Lund-Mackay scores (r = 0.348, p = 0.006). CONCLUSION: S100A9 induces tissue remodeling in HNE cells. Its increased expression in CRSwNP, particularly squamous epithelium, correlates with disease severity. This suggests the clinical potential of S100A9 as a biomarker for CRS severity.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

Nasal polyps treated by beclomethasone nasal aerosol.

A double-blind cross-over study of the effect of insufflation of beclomethasone dipropionate 400 microgram per day for four weeks showed favourable results, as verified statistically, concerning nasal blockage at the end of the treatment period. Rhinomanometry also showed that the nasal patency was significantly improved during the beclomethasone period. There was also a tendency, though not statistically significant, for nasal secretion to react favourable. The polyps did not disappear during the active treatment period and short-term treatment with beclomethasone aerosol can thus only be used as an adjuvant to other models of therapy, whether medical or surgical, in nasal polyps. No clinical side-effects of any importance were observed during the study.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1979

Nasal methacholine challenge. A test for the measurement of nasal reactivity.

The aim of this study was to develop a test for the measurement of nasal reactivity. Different concentrations of methacholine were sprayed intranasally, and the nasal secretion and blockage were measured in normal subjects. The simple collection and measurement of secretion was found to be a valuable parameter of mucosal reactivity, while measurement of nasal airway resistance was unreliable, due in part to the presence of secretion in the nasal cavity. The methacholine test had a fairly good reproducibility when the amount of secretion was used as the only parameter. It caused a significantly stronger reaction in women than in men. Patients with perennial rhinitis had a more vigorous response than the controls. It is concluded that the methacholine test may prove useful as a sign of perennial rhinitis and also for the objective evaluation of medication, but further studies are warranted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Effect of exercise on nasal mucous velocity and nasal airflow resistance in normal subjects.

Nasal mucous velocity and nasal airflow resistance were measured in nine healthy subjects before, during 5 min, and 1 h after submaximal exercise of 20 min with a cycle ergometer set in such a way that heart rate ranged from 125 to 135 beats/min. Nasal mucous velocity rose from a base line of 7.6-12.7 mm/min during exercise and returned to the base-line value 5 and 60 min after exercise. The mean expiratory nasal airflow resistance at a flow of 0.4 l/s decreased from a base line of 1.6-0.6 cmH2O . (l/s)-1 during exercise and returned to the baseline value 5 and 60 min after exercise.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The effect of nasal decongestant on nasal mucous velocity.

Nasal mucous velocity was measured in 13 healthy nonsmokers before and 10 min after topical application of 2 alpha adrenergic nasal decongestant sprays, phenylephrine and tetrahydrozoline. Phenylephrine increased nasal mucous velocity from 8.4 +/- 2.7 mm per min (mean +/- SD) to 13.7 +/- 4.8 mm per min and tetrahydrozoline from 8.1 +/- 3.8 mm per min (mean +/- SD) to 13.8 +/- 5.1 mm per min. These increases were significant (P less than 0.01) when compared to topical application of phenylephrine and tetrahydrozoline vehicles, normal saline, and sham (empty aerosol container).

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1979

[Headache caused by deformation of the nasal septum and by deviation disorders of the nasal cavity].

In case of uncertain pain of the frontal, nasal and maxillary area one must search for disturbed ventilation of the nose or its communications. Particularly so, if no radiological evidence is found. Anatomical changes may cause a primary irriation of the mucosa, when ventilation is distirubed or when there is direct contact between septum and conchal mucosa. As a reaction to such primary disturbance, ventilation to the maxillary sinuses may be inhibited, thus causing a secondary irriation. Thus a recidivating acute maxillary pain may occur without a real sinusitis, because of a hypoxia of the sinus. Rhinoscopy resp. nasal endoscopy will clear up anatomical primary causes. Conchal contact should be eliminated by lateroposition or by pinching. The septum deviation should be corrected if by nasal drops or spray the pains may be eliminated. Sinus obstruction may be diagnosed by rhinomanometry and sinuscopy and may be simultaneously treated by a small drainage tube.

Headache↗
PubMed1978

[Evidence and estimation of immunoglobulins in human nasal mucosa and nasal fluid--a study towards age dependence (author's transl)].

The localization of IgA, IgG and IgM in healthy human nasal mucosa in relation to age--a fluorescence-microscopic study as well as simultaneous quantitative estimation of these immunoglobulins in nasal fluid. These investigations confirm the dominant role of IgA. The IgA concentrations decreases with age. IgG concentration is nearly independent of age. IgM scarlely existing in normal human mucosa and nasal fluid.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

The effect of helium on nasal resistance and nasal flows.

Nasal inspiratory resistance and maximal inspiratory nasal flow were measured in 10 normal subjects while they breathed air and while they breathed a mixture of 80% helium and 20% O2. After the less dense helium-O2 mixture, there was a nonsignificant increase in K1 (15 +/- 93%), a 56 +/- 20% decrease in K2 (P less than 0.001), and a 48 +/- 20% increase in maximal inspiratory nasal flow (P less than 0.001). This is consistent with the accepted concept that K1 represents resistance to laminar flow and K2, resistance to nonlaminar flow (turbulent flow and/or flow due to convective acceleration), and that nonlaminar air flow predominates in the nose.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1978

Histamine challenge and anterior nasal rhinometry: their use in the assessment of pseudoephedrine and triprolidine as nasal decongestants in subjects with hayfever.

1 Nasal airway resistance (NAR) was measured by anterior rhinometry in ten volunteers with allergic rhinitis. Measurements before and after challenge with three concentrations of histamine diphosphate showed significant rises in NAR for each challenge. 2 In a double-blind, crossover study with the same patients triprolidine (2.5 mg) and pseudoephedrine (60 mg) were shown to be equally effective in reducing the rise in NAR produced by histamine challenge to one nostril; both were significantly better than placebo. 3 The rise in NAR of both nostrils after histamine challenge to one nostril was significantly reduced after pseudoephedrine compared with placebo. This suggests that pseudoephedrine is effective in preventing reflex mucosal congestion in the unchallenged nostril. 4 No increase in the pulse rate or blood pressure of the volunteers was detected after either drug.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Comparison of the gas quantities in the blood of patients with nasal packing for epistaxis, after nasal surgery and experimentally.

The authors examined blood pO2 and pCO2 in patients whose noses had been tamponaded because of epistaxis, nasal surgery and in animals whose noses had been artificially obstructed. A marked fall of pO2 and an increase of pCO2 were found as well as certain differences of the gas quantities between the first and second groups of patients. For this phenomenon an explanation is given.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Headache caused by distortion of the nasal septum and respiratory disturbances of the nasal cavity].

Head and facial pain of unknown origin may be caused by defective aeration of nose and sinus. The reason is a chronic irritation of the mucosa or direct contact between septum and conchal mucosa. A secondary reaction to the impaired breathing through the nose may be an irritation of the sinus without causing a full-grown sinusitis. Diagnosis and therapy are possible by rhinoscopy, sinumanometry and sinuscopy in one appointment.

Bone Diseases↗