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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Glycosaminoglycans in human normal lung tissues and lung cancer tissues].

The quantitative changes of glycosaminoglycans in tumor tissue of human lung cancers (6 squamous cell carcinomas, 7 small cell carcinomas and 10 adenocarcinomas) were studied. Normal lung tissues contained of 3.38 mumol uronic acid/g dry weight glycosaminoglycans which consisted of hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfates, dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate. The total amount of glycosaminoglycans in human lung cancer tissues increased 1.7 to 3.5 times in comparison with that in normal lung tissues. The increase in tissue content of glycosaminoglycans was accompanied by an increase in the chondroitin sulfate level in every histologic type of lung cancer, as well as marked increase in hyaluronic acid level in squamous cell carcinomas, and a moderate increase in small cell carcinomas. The concentrations of dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate in lung cancer tissues did not show any significant changes compared with those in normal lung tissues. The increase in total amount and changes in the composition of glycosaminoglycans in human lung cancer tissue were closely related to the histologic type of the tumor. In adenocarcinomas, some acid glycoprotein with sialic acid was simultaneously detected during the separating course of glycosaminoglycans, which was considered to be derived from mucinous substances related to adenocarcinoma cells.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-DNA adducts in lung tissue from lung cancer patients.

In an attempt to probe for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-DNA adducts in human subjects resulting from smoking (or other chronic environmental exposure), lung tissue and lung tumours were obtained from patients hospitalized for lung cancer. DNA was isolated from the tissue samples and examined both in an ELISA using a polyclonal antibody against (+/-)trans-7,8-dihydroxy-anti-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10- tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BPDE)-DNA as well as by the nuclease P1-mediated modification of the 32P-post-labelling technique. The ELISA results showed BPDE-DNA antigenicity in lung DNA from 6 out of 21 patients, and adduct levels ranged from 2 to 134 adducts per 10(8) nucleotides. For all 21 patients, the autoradiographs of chromatograms of 32P-postlabelled digests of DNA from non-tumorous lung tissue showed a strong diagonal radioactive zone (DRZ). This DRZ was generally absent in tumorous tissue. DNA samples that were positive in the ELISA contained a dominant spot within the DRZ that co-chromatographed with the major BPDE-DNA adduct (BPDE-dG). The quantities of the BPDE-dG spots ranged from 2.1 to 42 adducts in 10(9) nucleotides. These values were lower than the levels found in the ELISA but correlated well with the ELISA results (Kendall W = 0.97; P = 0.00). The levels of the DRZ adducts ranged from 1.9 to 34 adducts in 10(8) nucleotides. Correlations between smoking and DNA adduct levels were poor because of the small number of current smokers (n = 13). However, smokers of filter cigarettes had significantly lower DNA adduct levels compared with smokers of cigarettes without a filter (P = 0.02 by Fischer's exact test).

7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide↗
PubMed1979

Large interindividual variations in metabolism of benzo(alpha)pyrene by peripheral lung tissue from lung cancer patients.

A very large variation (44-fold) was observed in the ability of short-term organ cultures of peripheral lung tissue from lung-cancer patients to metabolize the environmental carcinogen benzo(alpha)pyrene to organic solvent-soluble metabolites. The amounts of benzo(alpha)pyrene (2 microM) metabolized ranged from little (1%) to almost total (96.2%) metabolism within 24 h of culture. Previous work by Kellerman et al. (1973) has suggested a relationship between susceptibility to lung cancer and the indicibility of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in cultured human lymphocytes. The metabolic fate of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the respiratory tract in vivo is undoubtedly more closely mimicked by short-term organ culture of human lung than by cultured lymphocytes. Thus the very wide interindividual variation observed in pulmonary metabolism of benzo(alpha)pyrene in this study and the large variations in covalent binding to human bronchial DNA observed by Harris et al. (1976) strongly suggest that there may be little basis for screening humans for variations in lymphocyte aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity as a means of assessing their susceptibility to lung cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in lymphocytes and lung tissue from lung cancer patients and controls.

The inducibility of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity in peripheral mitogen-treated lymphocytes, and of AHH and other monoxygenase activities in lung samples, was studied in 41 patients--34 with pulmonary carcinoma, 4 with a benign lung tumour and 3 with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Lymphocyte AHH induction alone was studied in 43 non-smoking and 37 smoking surgical patients. Absolute induced and non-induced AHH activities were at about the same level in the lymphocytes from the lung cancer patients as in those from the non-smoking controls, whereas the activities in smoking controls were about 100% higher. The mean inducibility ratios were very similar in all groups, ranging from 4.4 in the benign tumour patients to 5.4 in both control groups. Thymidine incorporation was on average about 40% lower in the lymphocytes from the lung cancer patients. AHH activity was detectable in all the peripheral lung samples, both normal or tumorous tissue, and its inter-individual variation was more than 67-fold. ECDE activity was also detectable in all the samples studied and its correlation with AHH activity was statistically significant (r = 0.888), suggesting that the same enzyme metabolizes both substrates. ERDE was detectable only in the samples with the highest AHH and ECDE activities. There was no correlation between basal or induced lymphocyte AHH activities and lung tissue AHH activity, but there were statistically significant correlations between lung AHH activity and the inducibility ratio with (r = 0.618) or without correction by thymidine incorporation (r = 0.442). These correlations suggest that there are common regulatory factors for AHH inducibility in different tissues. No significant difference in any drug metabolism parameter measured was observed between the lung cancer patients and the controls.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

High concentrations of chromium in lung tissue from lung cancer patients.

The pulmonary chromium content was determined by plasma atomic emission spectrometer (DCP-AES) from 53 lung cancer and 43 control patients, and compared with smoking habits, severity of emphysema and occupational history. The chromium content from the lung cancer patients was higher than that from the smoking (P less than 0.025) or nonsmoking control patients (6.4 +/- 4.3, 4.0 +/- 4.0, and 2.2 +/- 0.6 microgram/g dry weight, respectively). A positive correlation between the pulmonary chromium and smoking time (P less than 0.025) and the severity of emphysema (P less than 0.001) was found in the control but not in the cancer patients. The difference in the pulmonary chromium content was greatest between those lung cancer and control patients who were light smokers or had mild emphysema. This group of lung cancer patients included subjects with occupational exposure to chromium. The possibility of occupational cancer should be considered especially with light smokers. The grade of emphysema and metals such as chromium accumulating from tobacco could serve as objective indicators of smoking.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase activities in human lung tissues: comparison between normal lung and lung carcinomas.

We measured the activity of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase with L-dihydroxyphenylalanine as a substrate (DOPA decarboxylase) in normal lung tissues and lung tumors obtained fresh at surgery. The activity in control human lung tissues was low and variable: 3.50 +/- 0.42 pmole/min/mg protein (n = 56, mean +/- SE, range 0.01-15), indicating the wide individual variations. Most of small cell carcinoma specimens showed very high activity, as compared with both control lung tissues and with other types of non-SCC lung cancers. Similar results were also obtained in the athymic mice heterotransplants of SCC. High activity was also observed using 5-L-hydroxytryptophan as a substrate (5-HTP decarboxylase) in nine SCC samples. Serotonin was not detected in any control lung tissues, but was detected in all the nine SCC samples, but dopamine was detected only in three out of nine SCC samples.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Metal concentrations in human lung tissue, with special reference to age, sex, cause of death, emphysema and contamination of lung tissue.

Nine element concentrations in the lung tissues of 2,274 autopsies were determined in Japan by atomic absorption spectrometry. The metals determined were iron, calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper, cobalt, nickel, lead, and chromium. The range, mean, standard deviation, mode and median are described for each metal. Moreover, these data were analyzed statistically, based on their sex, age, degree of lung contamination (color and the amount of particle deposition), severity of pulmonary emphysema and cause of death. Iron, calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper and cobalt concentrations in the lung tissue seemed to be affected mostly by physiological variation and the levels in the blood. On the other hand, nickel, lead and chromium concentrations might reflect environmental exposure. Chromium concentration especially increased with age and showed a significantly positive correlation with the degree of contamination and severity of emphysema.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

[Effect of glucocorticoid on lung tissue and bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue of experimental granulomatous lung].

The effect of glucocorticoid on the immunological response in the delayed type hypersensitivity reaction of granulomatous disorders was investigated in order to elucidate the mechanism of glucocorticoid on the suppressive course of the reaction. Experimental pulmonary granuloma model in rats was induced by an intravenous injection of heat killed BCG, and the effects of methylprednisolone (MPSL) on the granulomatous lung tissue, bronchus associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) and the population of cells from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and peripheral blood were examined by the cytological and immunohistochemical methods. The pulmonary granulomatous reaction was reduced effectively by the administration of MPSL. A remarkable reduction of the number of Ia antigen positive alveolar macrophages (Ia+ A.M phi) and T lymphocytes in the granulomatous lung tissue and BALF was observed. T helper cells to non-helper cells (TH/TNH) ratio in BALF decreased remarkably. Furthermore, a reduction of Ia antigen positive macrophages (Ia+ M phi) and T cells was noted in the parafollicular area of BALT. These findings suggest that glucocorticoid may suppress the immunological activity of M phi and T cell through its inhibitory effect on the differentiation of Ia+ M phi and activated T cells, which result in the diminishment of pulmonary granulomatous reaction through the disorder of M phi - T cell interaction. On the other hand, lymphocytopenia with decreased TH/TNH ratios in peripheral blood was observed simultaneously with the reduction of the pulmonary granulomatous reaction. Thus, the mechanism of reduced pulmonary granulomatous reaction after MPSL administration may be not only due to local immunosuppression, but also to impaired systemic immune response. In addition, the disappearance of the germinal center and the reduction of surface IgM-positive cells in the follicular area of BALT occurred with the reduction of pulmonary granulomatous reaction. These results suggest that glucocorticoid also suppress the humoral immune responses in BALT during the course of delayed type hypersensitivity reaction.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Mesothelioma and asbestos fiber type. Evidence from lung tissue analyses.

Lung tissue samples from 78 cases from autopsy of mesothelioma in Canada, 1980 through 1984, and from matched referents were examined by optical and analytical transmission electron microscopic study. Concentrations of amosite, crocidolite, and tremolite fibers, and of typical asbestos bodies discriminated sharply between cases and referents. The distributions of chrysotile and anthophyllite/talc fibers and of all other natural and man-made inorganic fibers (greater than or equal to 8 microns) in the two series were quite similar. Relative risk was related to the concentration of long (greater than or equal to 8 microns) amphibole fibers with no additional information provided by shorter fibers. The proportion of long fibers was much higher for amphiboles than chrysotile and, except for chrysotile, systematically higher in cases than referents. Amphibole asbestos fibers could explain most mesothelioma cases in Canada and other inorganic fibers, including chrysotile, very few. Fibrous tremolite, contaminant of many industrial minerals including chrysotile, probably explained most cases in the Quebec mining region and perhaps 20% elsewhere.

Asbestos↗
PubMed1991

Metal concentrations in lung tissue of subjects suffering from lung cancer.

Concentrations of nine metals (Fe, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Co, Ni, Pb and Cr) concentrations in lung tissues from 224 lung cancer cases were compared with those in other cases to achieve an understanding of their contribution to the development of lung cancer and the varieties after the development of cancer. Comparisons of metal concentrations in each cell type of lung cancer were also performed. All cases were collected from routine autopsies in Tokyo and Saitama, Japan. The copper concentration in tissue from lung cancers was significantly higher than that in other specimens, although calcium, magnesium, zinc and cobalt concentrations in lung cancers were significantly lower than those in other cases. There were no significant differences in the 99% intervals (excluding extremely high values for occupationally exposed cases) for chromium, nickel and lead concentrations between lung cancers and other cases, although these values were lower in lung cancers. However, in comparisons of men only, the chromium concentration, the degree of lung contamination and the severity of pulmonary emphysema in lung cancer cases were significantly higher than those in other specimens. Moreover, percentages of lung cancer in men at each degree of contamination and each severity of emphysema increased with increasing grades. Thus, this finding could be evidence that the exposure to contaminants other than chromium and nickel in the air had affected the development of lung cancer, except for occupationally exposed individuals. Therefore, almost all chromium and nickel in lung tissue might not deposit in carcinogenic forms such as hexavalent chromium or nickel subsulfide.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Lung tissue resistance during contractile stimulation: structural damping decomposition.

Research in the mechanics of soft tissue, and lung tissue in particular, has emphasized that dissipative processes depend predominantly on the viscous stress. A corollary is that dissipative losses may be expressed as a tissue viscous resistance, (Rti). An alternative approach is offered by the structural damping hypothesis, which holds that dissipative processes within soft tissue depend directly more on the elastic stress than on the viscous stress. This implies that dissipative and elastic processes within lung tissues are coupled at a fundamental level. We induced alterations of Rti by exposing canines to aerosols of the constrictors prostaglandin F2 alpha, histamine, and methacholine and by changing volume history. Using the structural damping paradigm, we could separate those alterations in Rti into the product of two distinct contributions: change in the coefficient of coupling of dissipation to elastance (eta) and change in the elastance itself (Edyn). Response of Edyn accounted for most of the response of resistance associated with contractile stimulation; it accounted for almost all the response associated with differences in volume history. The eta changed appreciably with constriction but accounted for little of the response of Rti with volume history. According to the structural damping hypothesis, induced changes in eta with constriction must reflect changes in the kinetics of the stress-bearing process, i.e., differences in cross-bridge kinetics within the target contractile cell and/or differences in the influence of the target cell on other stress-bearing systems. We conclude that, regardless of underlying processes, the structural damping analysis demonstrates a fundamental phenomenological simplification: when Edyn responds, Rti is obligated to respond to a similar degree.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in lung tissue fibronectin content and synthesis during postnatal lung growth.

We studied changes in lung tissue fibronectin content and synthesis during postnatal lung growth in rats. We reasoned that fibronectin, which is important in cell differentiation, migration, and adhesion, and in the organization of the extracellular matrix, might play a role in the rapid cell proliferation and alveolar septal formation that occurs postnatally in mammalian lungs. Newborn rats were sacrificed at 4, 7, 11, 14, and 21 days after birth. The lungs were perfused and lavaged, tissue fibronectin was extracted using urea and heparin (Bray et al, Science 1981; 214:793) and the extracted fibronectin was measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay. Tissue fibronectin synthesis was measured by the in vivo incorporation of 35S-methionine into fibronectin that was extracted from lung tissue and immunoprecipitated. Lavage fibronectin and albumin content and lung tissue collagen (hydroxyproline) content were also determined. Lung tissue fibronectin content per g dry lung almost doubled between days 4 and 7 after birth, was slightly higher at day 14 than at day 7, and decreased sharply between days 14 and 21. Lung tissue fibronectin synthesis per g dry lung increased steadily between days 4 and 14 to reach a peak value of about 2.5 times the 4-day value; it then decreased sharply between days 14 and 21. The period of increased fibronectin content and synthesis (4 to 14 days) coincided with the period during which lung cell proliferation and secondary alveolar septa formation are known to be the most active, and the sharp decrease in fibronectin content and synthesis (between 14 and 21 days) coincided with the period during which lung growth and remodeling markedly decrease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗