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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Bone metabolism in patients with functioning kidney grafts: increased serum levels of osteocalcin and parathyroid hormone despite normalisation of kidney function.

In order to study bone metabolism after renal transplantation we measured serum levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and osteocalcin (OC), a specific biochemical parameter of bone formation, in 30 patients with functioning kidney grafts and 30 sex- and age matched control subjects. Serum levels of OC and PTH were markedly elevated in the kidney transplantation patients when compared with the control subjects (p less than 0.0001). Elevated levels of OC and PTH were present even in patients with very well functioning transplants. In the kidney transplantation patients, a significant positive correlation between serum OC and serum PTH levels could be found. Our data give evidence of persistent hyperparathyroidism and increased bone turnover in patients after renal transplantation.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Neopterin in the serum and urine in the differential diagnosis of disorders of kidney function following kidney transplantation].

In a period of 10 months neopterin in serum and urine was determined by radioimmunoassay in 33 renal allograft recipients treated with cyclosporin A. While in allograft rejections the highest neopterin concentrations were found in the serum, patients with viral infections after renal transplantation showed the most elevated concentrations in the urine. For early diagnosis of allograft rejection the ratio of neopterin clearance and serum-neopterin was the most significant criterion of the parameters measured in this study. Patients without complications during the follow-up showed slightly elevated and stable neopterin levels in serum and urine. The presented results indicate that neopterin is a useful parameter for the follow-up after renal allograft transplantation and for the diagnosis of immunological complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Influence of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I on kidney function and kidney growth.

Decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in hypopituitarism and increased GFR in acromegaly suggest that growth hormone (GH) has a substantial effect on renal haemodynamics. Extractive and recombinant human (rh) GH in healthy volunteers increased effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and GFR by 10% and 15% respectively. Renal response to GH was delayed and occurred at the same time as an increase in plasma insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I values, whereas infusion of rhIGF-I promptly increased GFR and ERPF, indicating that the haemodynamic response of the kidney to GH is mediated by IGF-I. In chronic renal failure (CRF), the acute effect of GH on GFR is obliterated. This might protect the diseased kidney against the undesired consequences of hyperfiltration. Indeed, rhGH treatment for 1 year in children with CRF did not lead to an accelerated decline in GFR compared with the year before treatment. GH and IGF-I also affect renal growth. Exposure to excessive GH in transgenic mice causes renomegaly and progressive glomerular sclerosis. In acromegalic humans, increased renal size and weight and increased glomerular diameter are well known, whereas renal failure is not a long-term hazard. At least in normal and hypophysectomized rats treated with doses comparable with the therapeutic regimens used in stunted children, rhGH increased renal weight but in proportion to the increase in body weight indicating an isometric effect of GH on renal growth. From these data, major renal long-term side effects of rhGH treatment in children with CRF appear unlikely.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Disorders of kidney function and acute kidney failure in newborn infants].

Compromised kidney function in the perinatal period has been increasingly recognized during recent years, and acute renal failure is a frequent clinical situation in neonatal intensive care units. Renal underperfusion due to various prerenal conditions is assumed to be the most common cause of renal failure in neonates. With rapid restoration of renal blood flow, prerenal failure is completely reversible in the early course of the disease. If adequate treatment is delayed, however, structural damage to the kidneys by prolonged ischemia will ensue leading to a poor prognostic outcome. This review, therefore, mainly focuses on early diagnosis of disturbed neonatal kidney function and prophylactic therapeutical aspects which may be of particular benefit for critically ill newborns at high risk for developing acute renal failure.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1988

[The effect of long-term increased protein administration on mineral metabolism and kidney function in the rat. II. Kidney function and bone mineralization].

In the Federal Republic of Germany the average daily protein intake exceeds the Recommended Dietary Allowances for adults (0.8 g protein/kg body weight) by about 100%. On the other hand calcium intake is below the recommendations for certain age groups. Protein-induced hypercalciuria involves the risk of depletion of skeletal calcium stores, especially for older people who have a decreased absorption capacity for calcium. As a result of our study we postulate, that an altered renal function probably is one inducing factor of hypercalciuria. While urea excretion and serum urea concentration increased with an elevated dietary protein content from 13 to 26 or 40 J%, glomerular filtration rate remained unchanged. Fractional tubular reabsorption of calcium was significantly reduced by about 3% with increased endogenous acid production and renal excretion of hydrogen ions (first part of the study), which were accompanying a higher protein intake of 40 J% compared to 13 J% protein in the control group. Increasing the phosphorus content of the diet improved the reabsorption of calcium and magnesium. The kidneys of rats fed diets high in protein and phosphorus were hypertrophied. Histology of the kidneys showed signs of glomerulonephrosis. While the calcium content of the femora was slightly reduced with a higher protein intake of 40 compared to 13 J%, the magnesium content was increased (after 61 weeks: calcium from 261.4 to 257.1 mg/g dry fat-free wt [p less than or equal to 0.05]; magnesium from 3.2 to 3.5 mg/g dry fat-free wt [p less than or equal to 0.001]). Calcium and magnesium metabolism depends not only on the level of protein intake, but also on its interrelation with the dietary phosphorus content. With continuous high protein intake higher intakes for calcium, phosphorus and magnesium should be recommended, especially for older people.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Variation of cooling rate and concentration of dimethyl sulfoxide on rabbit kidney function.

Rabbit kidney function was assessed in vitro after cryoprotection with either 3 or 4 M dimethyl sulfoxide. The introduction and removal of the cryoprotectant was carried out in a stepwise progressive manner and the removal in a stepwise progressive manner with hypertonic mannitol solutions. This in vitro model can be shown to respond to various ischemic-like states resulting in poor or absent function. Active tubular transport can be demonstrated. It has been used by many authors as an intermediate step prior to the ultimate test of reimplant and contralateral nephrectomy. Variations in the rate of cooling at cryoprotection levels of 3 and 4 M dimethyl sulfoxide concentration (Me2SO) were carried out. In general, at 3 M concentration of Me2SO, creatinine clearance, sodium and glucose reabsorption are preserved with a fair degree of success after cooling to -10, -15, and -20 degrees C in our model, when the rate of cooling to these levels is 1.0 degree C/min. When a cooling rate of 0.5 degree C/min is used, renal function is significantly reduced whether the final temperature is -10, -15, or -20 degrees C. Control rabbit kidneys will tolerate 4 M concentration of Me2SO and give fairly good function. When cooled to -15 or -20 degrees C, there is poor function at 0.1 and 0.5 degrees C/min. Fair function is obtained at the rate of 1 degree C/min to -10 degrees C. Therefore, at cryoprotectant levels of 3 and 4 M Me2SO, kidney function as assayed by in vitro perfusion, is better when the cooling rate is 1.0 degree C/min.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Age dependence of kidney function].

Although kidney function is immature in infants and decreases with increasing age in adults, when assessing the kidney clearance, it is not common to make an adjustment for age. On the other hand, correction for the standard body surface is generally accepted. Previous studies have yielded contradictory results, probably due to the small numbers of patients studied. To obtain the statistically significant relationship between age and kidney clearance, we compiled more than 1000 studies. These studies were divided into three groups: (1) children under 2 years of age (n = 71); (2) children and adolescents from 2 to 15 years (n = 64 male/58 female); (3) adults (n = 474 male/424 female; age: 16-80 years). Total clearance determinations were only considered if there were no differences between the two kidneys and if there was no obstruction of micturition or other pathological findings. Surprisingly, the statistical analysis showed no differences in clearance values between sexes. The maximal clearance values were found in the groups with children about 8 years old and the greatest scatter of values was seen in children under 2 years of age (a discrepancy between maturation age and calendar age). The complete set of data was based on the presumption that continuous function consisting of three trunks describes the course of normal kidney clearance in relation to patient age. If one determines an arbitrary reference value (e.g., 25 years), correction factors can easily be derived from the function described in order to compare individual clearance with a normal value.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[The critical value of residual kidney function in patients with chronic kidney failure from the viewpoint of the concentration of urea and potassium in the plasma].

Residual kidney function was examined in 10 patients with chronic renal insufficiency under balance conditions and in 30 outpatients on the basis of urea clearance (Curea) and potassium clearance (CK). Protein intake was 35-40 g/day (0.5 g/kg/day) and potassium intake was 30-40 mmol/day. Under these conditions the critical values of residual kidney function were as follows: 1) plasma urea concentration (Purea) did not exceed 30 mmol/l if Curea did not drop below 3.8 ml/min; 2) plasma potassium concentration (PK) did not exceed 5 mmol/l if CK did not decrease below 4.1 ml/min. Clinical examination of Curea and CK provides additional information to the examination of creatinine clearance (Ccr) or its plasma concentration (Pcr). Our results suggest that the critical value of residual kidney function cannot be defined only on the basis of examination of Ccr or Pcr. Examination of Curea and CK can help in the interpretation of very high Purea and hyperkalemia in patients with chronic renal insufficiency.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1991

The role of the laboratory in evaluation of kidney function.

Evaluation of kidney function by physical examination alone is imprecise and limited. Quantitative, reproducible assessment of kidney function required laboratory measurements of substances in plasma and urine, followed by reliable interpretation. Thus, glomerular filtration, urine protein excretion, water metabolism, and electrolyte disturbances may be quantified. These data are very useful in the single and serial assessment of patients with kidney disease and in evaluation of the effects of treatment.

Creatinine↗
PubMed1986

[Effect of the intra-aortic administration of prostaglandin E2 on kidney functions in acute kidney failure of blood transfusion origin].

It has been shown that intraaortal prostaglandin E2 injection to dogs arrested acute renal failure of hemotransfusion genesis, which was expressed in normalization of minute and diurnal diuresis, glomerular filtration rate, tubular reabsorption, maximal tubular secretion, renal plasma flow, urea and creatinine levels. The data obtained serve as an experimental basis for prostaglandin E2 application in the treatment of acute renal failure.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1976

Kidney function and compensatory growth of the kidney in living kidney donors.

Pre- and postoperative kidney size and kidney function were studied in 46 living kidney donors aged 20-74 years. Kidney size was measured by planimetry and by estimation of a renal index. Kidney function was assessed by endogenous creatinine clearance and serum creatinine. Planimetry was superior to the renal index for expressing changes in renal size. Compensatory renal hypertrophy took place in donors up to the age of 74, but the greatest changes in renal size were observed in donors of under 40. Total renal function decreased postoperatively to about 77% of the initial level; this change in renal function was inversely correlated with age, but in all subjects studied the function remained within normal limits.

Adult↗