Kidney metabolism during hypothermic perfusion. An experimental study on dog kidney, human kidney and human kidney carcinoma.
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The proteogenomic landscape of the human kidney and implications for cardio-kidney-metabolic health.
Nearly one-third of the global population is affected by cardio-kidney-metabolic (CKM) diseases; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying CKM diseases are poorly understood. Here we show that tissue proteomics provide critical insights not captured by tissue gene expression or blood proteomics information by performing whole-genome and RNA sequencing and proteomics analysis of human kidney samples (n = 337), and we generated a publicly available database. Via Bayesian co-localization and Mendelian randomization analyses of kidney protein quantitative trait loci and 36 CKM genome-wide association studies, we prioritized 89 proteins for CKM traits. We prioritized relationships that could underlie the interconnectedness of CKM traits and discovered multiple and targetable mechanisms for CKM diseases, including the potential role of kidney angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) in serum lipid levels and kidney function as well as the role of charged multivesicular body protein 1A in kidney function and hypertension. Notably, we identify pathways with confluence of evidence from genetic loci, tissue gene expression and protein levels for CKM traits. In summary, our large-scale kidney proteomics study uncovers proteins and targetable mechanisms prioritized for CKM diseases.
Humans↗
Polycythemia after kidney transplantation: influence of the native kidneys on the production of hemoglobin.
3 patients with renal transplantation who developed polycythemia presented normalization of the hemoglobin levels immediately after nephrectomy of the native kidneys. This observation induced the authors to study the role of the native kidneys in the genesis of polycythemia in recipients of renal allografts. Comparison was made among 32 patients submitted to renal transplantation, with maintenance of native kidneys (group I) and among 31 under the same conditions, but without the native kidneys (group II). Both groups were comparable according to age, sex, rejection crisis incidence and immunosuppressive therapy. It was observed that the hemoglobin levels of group I were significantly higher (p less than 0.05 to p less than 0.005) than those observed in group II, from the 3rd to the 30th posttransplantation month, becoming comparable from the 36th to the 54th months. The hemoglobin production, measured by the kinetics of labeled iron (59Fe), was higher in patients of group I. The authors concluded that the native kidneys are responsible for the observed polycythemia after a kidney transplantation.
Adult↗
[Several indices of the morphofunctional state of the normal kidney and kidneys following lymph drainage disruption].
The size of the renal body in convoluted parts of proximal and distal nephrons has been studied in normal dogs and after section and ligation of the efferent lymphatic vessels in 4 series of experiments (85 dogs). Observations have been made 12 h, 3 and 10--150 days after the operation. Histological, histochemical and morphometric methods have been applied; the level of residual nitrogen has been estimated. In early days of the experiment, the disturbance in lymph drainage has been found to result in edema and albuminous saturation of the connective tissue stroma, granular distrophy of the epithelium in the convoluted tubules of the kidney. After 40--150 days of the experiment, diffuse sclerosis of the connective tissue stroma of the medullar substance and of the pyramids develops. Alterations and disorders in the organ's function on nitrogen discharge are especially pronounced when lymph drainage is disturbed in one kidney, and the other kidney is removed. In such a case, the processes of compensatory hypertrophy are delayed. Morpho-functional alterations are less pronounced after lymph drainage disorders in the compensatory hypertrophic kidney.
Acute Disease↗
IMPROVE kidney care: perspectives from marginalised people with CKD and risk factors for CKD on access to, and experience of, kidney care services: a cross-sector collaborative exploration, employing qualitative approaches.
BACKGROUND: Access to, and experience of, chronic kidney disease (CKD) care is inequitable-with barriers to accessing quality care for marginalised groups. We conducted an exploratory study employing qualitative approaches to understand the factors that influence access to, and experience of, healthcare services for marginalised people with CKD and at risk of CKD. METHODS: An exploratory study employing qualitative approaches was conducted as a cross-sector collaboration between kidney care services and an activist, antiracist community-based research and social justice organisation (Mabadiliko Community Interest Company (CIC)). Two groups were recruited: 1) those with risk factors for CKD or early-stage CKD, and 2) people who presented late to kidney care services. Semi-structured interviews were co-designed with people with lived experience and conducted by Mabadiliko CIC. Thematic analysis was undertaken, with themes refined by participants. RESULTS: Twenty interviews were undertaken with a diverse cohort of participants. Knowledge and awareness of CKD was limited, and compounded by a lack of delivery of accessible, culturally congruent information. Significant barriers to accessing kidney care exist for marginalised people, including people who are from global majority ethnic backgrounds, Disabled people, and/or people experiencing material hardship. These barriers are compounded by interpersonal discrimination and paternalistic power dynamics within healthcare interactions. CONCLUSION: This study captures the experiences of marginalised people at different stages of their journey with CKD, in accessing and engaging with kidney care services. Participants faced a complex array of challenges, highlighting opportunities for multi-level intervention. We outline recommendations to address these issues, co-developed with participants.
chronic kidney disease↗
Studies on end-stage kidneys. V. Unusual epithelial activity or remarkable endothelial metaplasia. Findings in a dialyzed kidney.
Tubule-like cells were found lining an artery and several arterioles and within the capillaries of infarcted glomeruli in one block of kidney from one of 54 cases of end-stage/dialysis kidneys. Three other blocks showed tubule-like structures within infarcted glomeruli and adjacent arterioles. Squamous metaplasia of remaining tubule epithelium was found in sections from four blocks of the same kidney. In two of these blocks, infarcted glomeruli had capillaries which were occupied by squamous cells. These findings are discussed as examples of metaplasia of the endothelium or alternatively as epithelial growth and invasion. The use of special stains and multiple blocks for this study seem to have been justified. These changes offer further evidence that the end-stage kidney after dialysis has unique alterations.
Adult↗
Cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma and multilocular cyst of the kidney. Report of two cases of so-called multilocular cyst of the kidney.
Two cases of so-called multilocular cyst of the kidney are presented. Although both cases satisfied all of the criteria which characterize the multilocular cyst of the kidney, one had cystic lesions and neoplastic lesions (nephroblastoma-like lesions) and the other had only cystic lesions and was complicated with hamartoma. We prefer the term "cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma" as the diagnostic term for the former and "multilocular cyst of the kidney" for the latter. A study of 40 reported cases of multilocular cystic lesions of the kidney revealed that cases having only cystic lesions were distributed in all ages from 4.5 months to 71 years and that cases having neoplastic lesions were seen in infants from 4 months to 2 years.
Adolescent↗
Excretion of sodium and water by kidneys in situ and by transplanted kidneys following isotonic, hypotonic, iso-oncotic and hyperoncotic intravenous infusions in sodium-loaded and sodium-deprived dogs.
The excretion of sodium and water following isotonic, hypotonic, iso-oncotic and hyperoncotic intravenous infusions has been investigated in the kidneys in situ and in transplanted kidneys of narcotized dogs previously submitted to sodium-enriched or-deprived diets. The fractional excretion of sodium depended basically on the cumulative effect on the kidney of the changes in plasma oncotic pressure, plasma sodium concentration, and haematocrit. The differences in excretory responses of sodium-loaded or-deprived animals did not depend on differences in the distribution of infused fluids between intra- and extravascular compartments, but to the sensitivity of the kidney itself to the direct cumulative effect of these non-specific changes in blood composition.
Animals↗
[Clinical and experimental results on the significance of kidney damage for long-term prognosis after kidney transplantation].
In the clinical study the influence of the differently long times of warm ischaemia and of the duration of the acute renal insufficiency post transplantationem on the late prognosis of the grafts and the survival of the patients as well as on the incidence of complications in 93 patients who first underwent a transplantation of the CD-kidney and who more than two months after the transplantation lived with a working kidney was examined. A direct relation between the duration up to the beginning of the function of the kidney and the long-term prognosis of the patients was proved. In the group with immediate beginning of the function of the kidney at an average WIZ of 13 minutes the creatinine clearance was significantly higher and the incidence of severe infections in the late phase was lower than in the groups with longer WIZ and very retarded beginning of the renal function. Haemodynamic investigations on the autograft model of the dog after 30 minutes WIZ resulted in a pathologically increased renal vascular resistance and in a restricted filtration function up to 4 weeks post transplantationem.
Adolescent↗
[Interstitial cells of the kidney medulla and the content of prostaglandins in the kidneys of rats after administration of indomethacin].
A parallel study on the content of prostaglandins (PG) in the kidneys, the morphological condition of the medulla interstitial cells, and the activity of prostaglandin-dehydrogenase in rats given indometacyn for 5 days in a dose of 5 mg/kg was carried out. A considerable decrease in the content of PGA2 and PGE2 and an increase in PGF 2alpha in the kidneys of the experimental animals as compared with the controls was noted. The number of lipid granules in the interstitial cells of the renal medulla was also increased. A significant rise in the activity of prostaglandin-dehydrogenase was observed in the kidneys of the animals given indometacyn. The experimental results confirmed the suggestion that the medulla interstitial cells took a direct part in synthesis of renal PG. Indometacyn was shown to be able to decrease the PG content in the kidneys not only by inhibiting the activity of prostaglandin-dehydtogenase, as it was thought, but also by increasing the activity of prostaglandin-dehydrogenase.
Animals↗
Failure of long surviving, passively enhanced kidney allografts to provoke T-dependent alloimmunity. I. Retransplantation of (AS X AUG)F1 kidneys into secondary AS recipients.
Long survival of (AS X AUG)F1 rat kidney allografts in AS recipients was induced by passive enhancement with AS anti-AUG antiserum at the time of grafting. After 1-3 mo, the kidney allografts were transferred to second AS recipients, either naive or sensitized against AUG tissue. Naive second recipients did not reject the grafts acutely and failed to mount T-dependent immunity against AUG targets. When later challenged with spleen cells carrying the AUG haplotype, the naive second AS recipients showed strong IgM, IgG, and cytotoxic T-cell responses after grafting, and the kidneys were rapidly destroyed by immune rejection in all but one rat. It is concluded that long-surviving kidney allografts fail to activate helper T cells and induce in naive second recipients the same state of unresponsiveness observed in the first recipient.
Animals↗
[Effect of Collins' solution the kidney concentrating gradient and the Na+ and K+-ATPase of the kidney].
Canine kidneys were preserved under hypothermia in Collins' standard solution and the contents of sodium, potassium, and Na+ and K+-ATPase in several parts of these kidneys were followed. Hypothermic preservation in combination with single perfusion by means of Collins' solution without thermic ischemia caused loss of sodium, increase of potassium, and decrease of the total osmotic cortico-papillary gradient of the kidney. No loss of Na+ and K+-ATPase activity occurred under these conditions. The determination of Na+ and K+-ATPase level in the renal tissue turns out to be a rational method to assess the vitality of an organ to be transplanted.
Animals↗
Should we consider excessive weights in pediatric kidney transplant recepient candidates?: A systematic review and meta-analysis of kidney transplantation outcomes.
INTRODUCTION: In adult populations, excess body weight has been associated with an increased risk of adverse clinical outcomes and mortality following kidney transplantation. In contrast, the influence of obesity on transplantation outcomes among pediatric populations is not yet fully understood. This study aimed to evaluate the association between pre-transplant excess weight and post-transplant outcomes in pediatric kidney transplant recipients. MATERIAL & METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed across PubMed, ScienceDirect, and the Cochrane Library, covering publications up to December 31, 2025. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the ROBINS-E tool. Statistical analysis was conducted using Review Manager version 5.4. RESULTS: From a total of 1465 records screened, six studies that included 65,483 participants were selected in the meta-analysis. The results indicated that pre-transplant excess weight was significantly associated with an increased risk of acute rejection (OR = 1.09; P = 0.009), delayed graft function (OR = 1.17; P < 0.00001), 1-year graft failure (OR = 1.16; P = 0.0002), and 5-year graft failure (OR = 1.13; P = 0.009). Although 5-year mortality was also higher among recipients with excess weight, this association was not statistically significant (OR = 1.08; P = 0.11). CONCLUSION: Pediatric patients with pre-transplant excess weight had higher post-transplant odds of acute rejection, delayed graft function, and both 1-year and 5-year graft failure compared to those without excess weight. These findings highlight the importance of assessing and managing excess weight prior to kidney transplantation to help prevent adverse outcomes in the future.
Humans↗
Transplantation-induced immune complex kidney disease in rats with unilateral manifestation in the allografted kidney.
Kidney transplantation between major histocompatibility system-identical rat strains LEW.1N (donor) and BN (recipient) is regularly followed by serious immune complex (membranous) glomerulonephritis. The disease localizes in the transplant only and spares the recipient's own contralateral kidney. The recipients develop both circulating immune complexes, as well as circulating antibodies against an allogeneic, tubular epithelial antigen of the donor. Antibodies eluted from the diseased kidneys display the same specificity. The transplant disease, therefore, is not autoimmune glomerulonephritis but an alloimmune, organ-specific illness unrelated to the usual histocompatibility system.
Animals↗
Rapid germination of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia in mouse kidneys and a kidney extract.
Intravenously injected conidia of Aspergillus fumigatus germinated rapidly in the kidneys of untreated and cortisone-treated specific-pathogen-free (SPF) mice and in the livers of cortisone-treated SPF mice. Extracts of kidneys from untreated and cortisone-treated mice stimulated germination of A. fumigatus conidia in vitro. The possible roles of a germination stimulant and host defences in the kidney localisation of A. fumigatus infection are discussed.
Animals↗
Study of factors affecting the antigen structure of the donor kidney. I. Interpretation of the relationship between periodate pretreatment and the rejection phenomena of canine kidney allografts.
Donor kidneys were preserved in a Collins-4 solution containing periodate in concentrations of 10(-2) and 10(-4) mole/l, respectively, in an attempt to oxidize the carbohydrate components of the antigen-carrying membrane surfaces and thus to influence the rejection phenomena exhibited by the allogeneic kidney. All kidneys were, however, rejected as a result of a hyperacute reaction indicating that periodate did not react with the hydrophobic membrane structures in vivo. Not only did the antigen thus remain unchanged but the vulnerability of other renal structures to the destructive effect of the killer cells also increased as a result of toxic damage.
Animals↗
Failure of long surviving, passively enhanced kidney allografts to provoke T-dependent alloimmunity. II. Retransplantation of (AS X AUG)F1 kidneys from AS primary recipients into (AS X WF)F1 secondary hosts.
Long surviving, passively enhanced (AS X AUG)F1 kidneys carried by AS recipients were retransplanted into (AS X WF)F1 second hosts. Acute graft rejection did not occur. Only one of six secondary recipients mounted a significant T-dependent IgG lymphocytotoxic antibody response. In all six, generation of cytotoxic T cells was markedly slower and depressed. These results are compatible with the hypothesis that kidney parenchyma, although carrying major histocompatibility complex specificity is able to induce T-independent but not T-dependent alloimmunity. A corollary is that passenger cells are responsible for exciting the T-dependent allimmune response normally observed after grafing. The practical difficulty of eliminating all T-dependent immunogenicity from (AS X AUG)F1 kidneys was emphasized by the observation that a 3-d residence in an intermediate AS recipient was insufficient time to prevent acute graft rejection after retransplantation.
Animals↗
Kidney size and growth in unilateral renal agenesis and in the remaining kidney following nephrectomy for Wilms' tumor.
The kidney size and renal growth were determined in unilateral renal agenesis and in the remaining kidney following nephrectomy for Wilms' tumor. The ultimate length of 98 per cent of the functioning kidneys in renal agenesis is expected not to exceed +5.6 SD. In the tumor series the corresponding figure is +4.2 SD.
Child, Preschool↗