Results for “isatin”

PubMed2026

The influence of neuroprotector isatin on haloperidolinduced catalepsy and proteomic profile of mice brain.

Isatin (indol-2,3-dione) is an endogenous regulator found in humans and animals. It interacts with numerous target proteins and exhibits a wide range of biological activities, including neuroprotective action in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD) induced by administration of neurotoxins MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine) or rotenone. An antipsychotic drug haloperidol, which impairs neurotransmitter balance in the nigrostriatal pathway, models dopamine deficiency and promotes the development of motor disorders characteristic of PD. In this work, the effect of two doses of isatin (10 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg) on the haloperidol catalepsy and on the proteomic profile of mice brain was investigated. The pretreatment of animals with isatin (1 h before haloperidol administration) reduced the occurrence of haloperidol catalepsy. The administration of haloperidol and also isatin with haloperidol influenced the relative content of a number of proteins associated with PD and other neurodegenerative diseases.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Unraveling anaerobic indole degradation in an acclimated sludge consortium: Candidate pathways and microbial division of labor inferred from metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses.

Indole is a widespread nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound in manure, sludge, and wastewater systems, yet the enzymes and microbial populations involved in its anaerobic transformation remain poorly resolved. Here, we established a long-term acclimated anaerobic sludge consortium and combined degradation assays, metabolite profiling, metatranscriptomics, and genome-resolved metagenomics to investigate the functional basis of anaerobic indole degradation. After 120 days of acclimation, the consortium stably degraded 100 mg/L indole, whereas skatole was not effectively removed under the same strategy, indicating substrate-specific adaptation of the microbial community. Metabolite profiling detected oxindole, dioxindole, isatin, and anthranilic acid, supporting a putative transformation route involving pyrrole-ring oxidation and ring cleavage toward anthranilate-like intermediates. Metatranscriptomic analysis identified 16,660 differentially expressed genes after indole addition, with strong transcriptional responses involving oxidoreductases, hydrolases, cofactor-dependent redox metabolism, aromatic-CoA-related metabolism, and methane metabolism-associated pathways. Transcriptional responses highlighted the xanthine dehydrogenase-like molybdenum-enzyme system and isatin hydrolase as candidate contributors to upstream indole transformation, whereas those of abmG-like, bcrC, and oah genes were consistent with possible anthranilic acid activation and downstream CoA-type processing. MAG-resolved analysis further suggested that these candidate functions may be distributed among populations affiliated with Bacteroidota, Chloroflexota, Desulfobacterota, and Methanobacterium. Together, these findings establish a stable anaerobic indole-degrading consortium and provide a testable functional framework for syntrophic interactions linking upstream indole transformation, aromatic-CoA metabolism, and methanogenesis-associated carbon flow.

Anaerobic degradation↗