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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Principles and clinical applications of image analysis.

Image processing has traveled to the lunar surface and back, finding its way into the clinical laboratory. Advances in digital computers have improved the technology of image analysis, resulting in a wide variety of medical applications. Offering improvements in turnaround time, standardized systems, increased precision, and walkaway automation, digital image analysis has likely found a permanent home as a diagnostic aid in the interpretation of microscopic as well as macroscopic laboratory images.

Cytogenetics↗
PubMed1991

A method to quantitate the relative nuclear area of colorectal polyps by image analysis.

Image analysis of the nuclear area was performed on Feulgen-stained sections from 94 colorectal polyps: 57 colorectal adenomas with or without invasive growth, 28 hyperplastic polyps and 9 Peutz-Jeghers hamartomas (without dysplasia or carcinoma). The lowest mean values of nuclear area were recorded in control cases: in hyperplastic polyps (27.3%), followed by hamartomatous polyps (34.7%). The nuclear area was significantly increased in tubular adenomas with low-grade dysplasia (37.9%), in villous adenomas with low-grade dysplasia (41.16%) and in tubular and villous adenomas with high-grade dysplasia (47.0% and 46.0%, respectively). The nuclear area in villous adenomas with invasive growth was significantly higher than in all other adenomas without invasive growth (56.0%). The present data suggest that the nuclear area in colorectal polyps (as deduced by image analysis studies) correlates well with the degree of nuclear atypia. Thus, measurements of nuclear area appear to be an important parameter in studies aiming to elucidate the malignant potential of these lesions.

Adenoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quantitative study of KI-67 antibody staining in 46 T-cell malignant lymphomas using image analysis.

Image analysis with a SAMBA 2005 (ALCATEL-TITN, Co) was used to quantify the Ki-67 stained area percentage in 46 T-cell malignant lymphomas (T-ML), classified according to the updated Kiel classification. This parameter demonstrated correlation with the number of Ki-67-positive cellular profiles (r = 0.88, P less than 0.001) and was more reproducible than cell counting. A significant difference was found between low and high grade T-ML (mean values +/- SEM respectively of 10.20 +/- 1.82 per cent and 25.63 +/- 3.15 per cent). The most interesting findings were that: (1) AILD-type T-ML showed an intermediate proliferation rate (15.55 +/- 2.72 per cent) between pleomorphic T-ML with medium and with large cells (respectively 12.53 +/- 3.64 per cent and 22.43 +/- 3.46 per cent), both of which belong to the high grade malignancy group. This finding is in accordance with the poor prognosis of this subtype despite its classification in the low grade malignancy group. (2) Subclassification of the pleomorphic MLs according to the predominance of small, medium or large cells, demonstrated significant differences between these three subtypes. However, the great overlap of values between pleomorphic T-ML with medium and with large cells, seems to indicate that the subclassification of these two subtypes is less valid. (3) A wide range of values with overlap was observed in AILD-type ML, in pleomorphic with medium or large cells and in lymphoblastic T-ML: for these T-ML with variable survival courses, the Ki-67 area percentage, one parameter of proliferative activity, appears worth studying as a prognostic factor.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1985

Scoring sperm morphology from fertile and infertile cigarette smokers using the scanning electron microscope and image analysis.

Image analysis was applied to photographs of sperm samples obtained using a scanning electron microscope. This technique is too time-consuming for routine use but could, if automated, provide an objective assessment of sperm morphology. In order to test the technique, sperm samples were evaluated from four groups of men: fertile and infertile smokers and fertile and infertile nonsmokers. There was a significant increase in the numbers of abnormalities in samples from infertile men. There was no association between the numbers of abnormal sperm and cigarette smoking.

Fertility↗
PubMed1986

Morphometric requirements for image analysis and the IBAS interactive automatic image analysis system.

The morphometric demands made on an image analysis system are discussed, as is the IBAS interactive automatic system, which meets those requirements. The modular design of the IBAS image analysis system, with its tailor-made processors for image processing, system control and pattern recognition, gives speed and flexibility. The IMAGE image analysis language guarantees user friendliness, and, last but not least, the enormous amount of software offers accurate, reproducible measurements and dedicated evaluation programs.

Computers↗
PubMed1991

Trabecular bone densitometry using interactive image analysis.

Interactive image analysis is a novel application of digital image processing to the densitometry of trabecular bone. Briefly, the exposed surfaces of bleached slices of bone are illuminated so that the trabecular tips are bright in relation to the interstices. The image is then captured by a TV camera and digitized with an interactive image analysis system. A grey scale is then chosen that differentiates the bone at the surface from the background. Finally, a computer program calculates the area fraction of bone within a user-specified box which, by Delesse's principle, is an estimate of the volume fraction of bone. The reproducibility of the technique (expressed as an average SD) is +/- 1.5 vol. % and has surface-discriminating capabilities comparable to the traditional point-counting method but is faster and more precise. Most importantly, the technique permits biomechanical testing of the sample after its density has been determined.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Study of fibronectin expression in tumour cells by dot-blot and in situ hybridization: quantitative evaluation by image analysis.

An Image Analysis program was used for the quantitative evaluation and comparison of the fibronectin (FN) mRNA detected by dot-blot and in situ hybridization in different cell lines. These techniques were applied for the evaluation of FN mRNA synthesized by human normal fibroblasts (Flow 7000) and by four tumour-derived cell lines (HeLa, epithelioid carcinoma; 8387, fibrosarcoma; RD, rhabdomyosarcoma; SK Hep-1, hepatocarcinoma). Dot-blot analysis showed that the cell types analysed synthesize different levels of FN mRNA. Flow 7000 are the highest producers while HeLa the lowest. In situ hybridization confirmed these results and furthermore showed that while Flow 7000, 8387 and HeLa cells synthesized homogeneous levels of FN mRNA, RD and SK Hep-1 could be subdivided into two populations expressing high or low levels of FN mRNA. The combined analysis of dot-blot, in situ hybridization and Image Analysis allowed the quantitation of the number of FN mRNA molecules expressed by single cells. This approach is therefore an invaluable tool when evaluating mRNA expression in heterogeneous cell populations like tumour-derived cell lines, during cell cycle or in histological tissue sections.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1988

Cancer detection by quantitative fluorescence image analysis.

Quantitative fluorescence image analysis is a rapidly evolving biophysical cytochemical technology with the potential for multiple clinical and basic research applications. We report the application of this technique for bladder cancer detection and discuss its potential usefulness as an adjunct to methods used currently by urologists for the diagnosis and management of bladder cancer. Quantitative fluorescence image analysis is a cytological method that incorporates 2 diagnostic techniques, quantitation of nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid and morphometric analysis, in a single semiautomated system to facilitate the identification of rare events, that is individual cancer cells. When compared to routine cytopathology for detection of bladder cancer in symptomatic patients, quantitative fluorescence image analysis demonstrated greater sensitivity (76 versus 33 per cent) for the detection of low grade transitional cell carcinoma. The specificity of quantitative fluorescence image analysis in a small control group was 94 per cent and with the manual method for quantitation of absolute nuclear fluorescence intensity in the screening of high risk asymptomatic subjects the specificity was 96.7 per cent. The more familiar flow cytometry is another fluorescence technique for measurement of nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid. However, rather than identifying individual cancer cells, flow cytometry identifies cellular pattern distributions, that is the ratio of normal to abnormal cells. Numerous studies by others have shown that flow cytometry is a sensitive method to monitor patients with diagnosed urological disease. Based upon results in separate quantitative fluorescence image analysis and flow cytometry studies, it appears that these 2 fluorescence techniques may be complementary tools for urological screening, diagnosis and management, and that they also may be useful separately or in combination to elucidate the oncogenic process, determine the biological potential of tumors and monitor the results of chemopreventive, immunological and chemotherapeutic regimens. To our knowledge there has been no study in which quantitative fluorescence image analysis and flow cytometry were compared directly to assess the relative strengths and weaknesses for urinary tract cytology. Such a study could provide important information for urologists.

Cytodiagnosis↗
PubMed1977

Quantitative nuclear image analysis: differentiation between normal, hyperplastic, and malignant appearing uterine glands in a paraffin section. II. Computer assisted recognition by discriminant analysis.

Quantitative image analysis was applied to data from microscope photometry of nuclei in a paraffin section. The data were essentially the same as described in a previous publication (Baak and Diegenbach, 1977). The results from measurements on the nuclei of morphologically normal, atypical hyperplastic and carcinomatous uterine glands were used in discriminant analysis. With this method it is possible to discriminate between the three groups of nuclei. Depending on the (sub)set of the variables used, 60-70% of all nuclei are correctly classified in one of the three groups. Discrimination of one of the groups against the other two results in up to 81% correct classifications. Therefore, discriminant analysis offers a possibility of assisting diagnosis in an objective way.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1990

A quantitative assessment of F-actin content and distribution in untreated and butyric acid treated murine melanoma B16a tumour cells: a fluorescence image analysis study.

Image analysis of phallacidin, a fluorescent stoichiometric probe to F-actin, permitted the cytoskeletal-associated actin 'F-actin' to be visualized morphologically and to be divided into two groups, diffuse and filamentous. The filamentous actin group was categorized further into four subgroups according to the intensity of the phallacidin probe. F-actin groups and subgroups of untreated cells and cells treated with 1.5 mM butyrate acid were analysed independently. Butyric acid treatment significantly increased total actin, defined as diffuse actin, plus filamentous subgroup actins 1-4. Specifically, butyric acid-treatment increased filamentous subgroup actin 1.

Actins↗
PubMed1985

Measurement of fluorescein angiograms of the optic disc and retina using computerized image analysis.

Computerized image analysis was used to quantify objectively fluorescein angiograms of the optic disc, peripapillary choroid, and retina. Techniques were developed to measure fluorescein filling rates of the optic disc and the retinal vessels and the area of fluorescein filling defects within the optic disc. Two subjects, one with glaucoma and the other with ocular hypertension, showed increases of areas of fluorescein filling defects of the optic disc on follow-up and are presented here as examples of the application of these techniques. This methodology can be applied to the longitudinal follow-up of individual patients with glaucoma and retinal diseases, as well as to cross-sectional studies of patient populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

A comparative study of Spitz nevus and nodular malignant melanoma using image analysis cytometry.

Image analysis cytometry can be used to estimate both nuclear DNA content and area in tissue sections. Since nodular malignant melanoma and Spitz nevus can show a remarkably similar light microscopic appearance, but may differ in behavior, we studied typical examples of these neoplasms to determine whether cytometric differences existed. Analysis of relative DNA content alone could not discriminate between these 2 entities in the 13 cases that we examined. However, Spitz nevi and nodular melanoma clearly differed in terms of maturation, which we defined as the difference between the mean nuclear size or mean nuclear DNA content of the uppermost and deepest melanocytes in each lesion. Maturation as defined by a decrease in mean nuclear DNA content proved highly significant (p less than 0.005). Only Spitz nevi showed a lesser DNA content in the deepest dermal cells as compared with upper dermal cells, suggesting that some Spitz nevi have an admixture of diploid and hyperdiploid cells in their upper portions, but mostly diploid cells in their deep portions. Only nodular melanoma showed higher mean DNA content in deep dermal cells as opposed to superficial dermal cells, suggesting that some nodular melanomas may either have clones of cells in their deep portions that have higher levels of ploidy, or more cells in the deep portion of melanomas may be in active phases of the cell cycle. Our study suggests that important cytometric differences exist between Spitz nevi and nodular melanoma, and that these could be exploited to develop cytometry into an adjunctive clinical technique.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1988

Modern image analysis methods in hematology.

Image analysis instrumentation presently includes multiparameter microscopy and fast processing. One type of image analysis microscope uses only 1 objective and 2 TV cameras, thereby obtaining 2 magnifications simultaneously: a low magnification for cell selection and a high magnification for further cell analysis. Image analysis is very capable of detecting rare cells among a large population of normal cells. This recognition of very rare events becomes increasingly important in biomedical applications. Investigations such as the detection of mutant cells in the peripheral blood and the detection of rare cancer cells in bone marrow as a sign of early metastases, are described to illustrate the potentialities of image analysis in hematology.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1990

Retinal nerve fiber layer analysis by a computerized digital image analysis system.

A computerized digital image analysis system was developed to evaluate the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) by red-free fundus photography. The image intensity of the RNFL was computed for 30 degrees between the disc and macula. Thirty early open-angle glaucoma patients and 30 normal age-matched subjects were examined. The coefficients of variation in the reproducibility of the measurements in normal subjects were 7.3 to 9.9% for the interphotographic studies, and 4.1 to 5.1% for the intraphotographic studies. Using this new image analysis system, the RNFL changes were detected easily and the glaucomatous eyes were distinguished from normal eyes with high sensitivity and specificity, 95% and 80%, respectively. This method will be useful for diagnosis of glaucoma at a very early stage.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Morphologic studies of sickle erythrocytes by image analysis.

An automated image analysis system was used to characterize the morphology of sickle cells under hypoxic conditions. Images observed by light microscopy were transferred to the image analysis system and were processed to binary (black and white) images, and were then analyzed by area, perimeter, and shape. A circular shape factor (CSF = 4 pi X[area]/[perimeter]2) was found to be useful for elucidating the degree of deformation, but it could not differentiate elongated sickle cells from maple leaf-shaped cells. By combining an elliptical shape factor (ESF = [short axis]/[long axis]) with CSF we could separate deoxygenated homozygous sickle red cells (SS cells) into several morphologically distinct groups, including non-sickled cells, maple leaf-shaped cells, and elongated sickle cells. Using this automated image analysis system, we studied morphologic changes of SS cells exposed to deoxygenation-oxygenation (d-o) cycles between PO2 of 0 and 100 mm Hg (one cycle = 12 minutes) at pHs of 6.9 and 7.4. We found that at both pHs the morphology of sickled cells after the first deoxygenation was predominantly maple leaf-shaped. The number of elongated sickled cells increased as the number of d-o cycles increased, indicating that SS cells changed from maple leaf morphology to classic elongated sickle shape during d-o cycles. Desickling occurred less during the oxygenation phase at pH 6.9 than at pH 7.4 and as the number of d-o cycles increased. These results suggest that during d-o cycles deoxyhemoglobin S fibers may align to form large bundles that do not depolymerize completely even at the arterial oxygen pressure.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of breast carcinoma chemosensitivity by flow cytometric DNA analysis and computer assisted image analysis.

Flow cytometric (FCM) DNA and S-Phase (S%) analyses were compared to computerized image analysis (SAMBA 2005) in 27 breast carcinomas (T3, N0-N1, M0) treated by 3 cycles of preoperative Adriamycin, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil (AVCMF) chemotherapy (CT). Twelve carcinomas had shown objective regression and 15 no regression. Samples studied were obtained by sequential fine-needle cytopunctures. Comparing DNA profiles obtained by both methods before and after the first cycle, it appears that tumors can be divided into 3 groups. In the first group (10 cases), no changes were observed after the first cycle of CT. These tumors before treatment had either single DNA peak without cells in S% and G2M or a major peak with a small S% and G2M peak. The second group (9 cases) showed some changes in DNA profiles with an increased G2M peak but no additional values; these tumors before treatment had a small S% and a G2M peak. In the third group (8 cases), before treatment, all were non-diploid with high S% and high G2M. After the first cycle, all showed obvious changes in DNA profiles with a decrease of the G0/G1 peak and an increased S% and G2M with dispersed additional values along the scale in (G2M) x 2 and (G2M) x 4 regions. When changes were compared to tumor regression in the 1st and 2nd groups, 1/10 and 3/9 cases, respectively, were evaluated as objective regression. In the third group, all had objective regression (p less than 0.001). In most cases, a good correlation was observed with both methods.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1991

Quantitative DNA analysis in breast carcinomas: a comparison between image analysis and flow cytometry.

We compared the results of quantitative DNA analysis of fresh tumor tissue from 50 invasive breast carcinomas by image analysis and flow cytometry. For image analysis, Feulgen-stained slides of tumor imprints and of disaggregated tumor cytospin preparations were evaluated with the CAS-200 image analyzer. For flow cytometry, propidium iodide-stained disaggregated tumor cells were analyzed with the Coulter EPICS-C flow cytometer. The two methods yielded comparable results. The DNA indices obtained by the two methods showed close correlation by linear regression analysis (r = 0.86, P less than 0.001). There were 26 diploid (52%) and 24 nondiploid (48%) carcinomas. The ploidy pattern between the two methods showed agreement in 41 carcinomas (82%) and discordance in two (4%). Three tumors (6%) were equivocal by flow cytometry and four (8%) by image analysis. The equivocal cases presented potential sources of error in the evaluation of histograms in the near-tetraploid region by flow cytometry and in the near-diploid region by image analysis. Image analysis required smaller tissue samples and permitted direct visualization and selection of tumor cells. It also detected more tetraploid carcinomas. In contrast, flow cytometry analyzed larger cell samples and provided histograms with better resolution. It more readily detected the presence of multiple aneuploid peaks and also the presence of aneuploid peaks in the near-diploid range. The presence of aneuploidy was significantly related to the loss of hormone receptor expression, high mitotic rate, and high histologic and nuclear grades. Our study indicates that image analysis and flow cytometry provide comparable results in a majority of breast carcinomas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1992

DNASK--a new image analysis module for TV image cytometry.

The DNASK is a PC-based image analysis module for quantitative cytological and histological examinations on Feulgen-Schiff preparations. The module consists of a frame grabber, a CCD black and white video camera and the DNASK software package which can be incorporated in an IBM compatible PC-AT joining to a standard pathological research photo microscope. The use of 386 IBM AT systems leads to significant decrease of the measurement's time. Mono- or color VGA graphics card should be used. The resolution of the images is 512 x 512 pixels and 256 gray values. The image caption is made in less than 0.5 second, the measurement of a cell nuclei (18 parameters) takes less, than 5 seconds (IBM AT 286). The camera is a standard CCD one. The microscope should be a good quality, modern microscope with built-in light source, however, the application of voltage stabiliser is strongly recommended. The software is able to measure the parameters mostly used and suggested in the international literature: 15 morpho- and densitometric parameters of the cell nuclei 6 DNA histogram parameters of the measured case, like DNA Index, 2c deviation Index, 5c exceeding rate, G1-S-G2 phase fraction ratio. The system supports the grouping of the measured cases and at the end of a study results of the single measurements can be collected and summarized in an ASCII file, which is readable by major statistical programpackages. The DNASK has a special graphical user interface for the control of the program.

Algorithms↗